ABSTRAK
Irene Evelyn 2011 Pembimbing I : Adrian Suhendra, dr. Sp.PK.,M.Kes Pembimbing II : Heddy Herdiman, dr.,M.Kes
Latar Belakang Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolik dengan sifat kronis yang jumlah penderitanya terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. DM adalah keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Hiperglikemia akan meingkatkan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang toksik melebihi pertahanan antioksidan endogen sehingga akan menimbulkan pembentukan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif yang berlebihan akan menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan dan sel, dalam hal ini hepar sehingga akan meningkatkan enzim Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) dalam darah.
Tujuan Penelitian Untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar GGT serum pada diabetes mellitus tipe 2.
Metode Penelitian Menggunakan desain penelitian observational dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Subjek atau bahan pemeriksaan diambil secara consecutive sampling pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 62 orang terdiri dari penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 baik pria maupun wanita yang datang ke Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Efarina Etaham, Purwakarta. Lakukan pengambilan darah vena dan pemeriksaan kadar GGT serum. Pemeriksaan GGT menggunakan metode fotometer yang dilakukan secara otomatis dengan menggunakan alat ABX Pentra 400. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif.
Hasil Dari 62 orang subjek penelitian terdapat peningkatan kadar GGT serum sebanyak 58 orang (93,55%) yang terdiri dari 27 orang dari 29 orang laki-laki (93,10%) dan 31 orang dari 33 orang perempuan (93,94%), sedangkan subjek penelitian yang tidak mengalami peningkatan kadar GGT serum sebanyak 4 orang (6,45%).
Kesimpulan Terdapat peningkatan kadar GGT serum pada diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Kata kunci : gamma glutamyltransferase, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, hiperglikemia, stres oksidatif
ABSTRACT
Irene Evelyn 2011 Tutor I : Adrian Suhendra, dr., Sp.PK., M.Kes Tutor II : Heddy Herdiman, dr.,M.Kes
Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with the nature of the number of sufferers continues to increase from year to year. DM is a situation where there is an increase in blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia will boost the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are toxic endogenous antioxidant defenses, so exceeded would lead to the formation of oxidative stress. Excessive oxidative stress will cause damage to tissues and cells, in this case so that it will increase the hepatic enzyme gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the blood.
Research Objectives To know the description of GGT serum levels in type 2 diabetes melitus.
Method Using the observational study design with cross sectional study design. Subject or examination material taken consecutive sampling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are 62 people as research subjects consisting of patients (both men and women) were type 2 DM admitted to Internal Medicine Departement of Efarina Etaham Purwakarta Hospital. Then do the venous blood sampling and examination of serum GGT levels. Examination of GGT using photometer method which is done automatically by using a tool ABX Pentra 400. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive methods.
Result There are 58 people from 62 people (93,55%) consisting of 27 from 29 men (93.10%) and 31from 33 women (93.94%) who got increasing level of serum GGT whereas there are 4 people (6,45%) who did not get increasing level of serum GGT.
Conclusion There is an increase in serum GGT levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Key Words : gamma glutamyltransferase, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglicemia, stress oksidative
!
" #
$ # %
# !
# # $
& # # '
(
) (
+
, # ,# - .
/ ,
/
+0 # #
& # . #
! # # #
" / # !
$ $
1 $
' # 0 1
( 2 '
! ) # ,#
! / #
" . ,
$ 3 3 $
$ 33 / 1
1 , / , + 4 33 '
5 5 ) ,
) ,
#
/
6 ,
/ # 0 # 6 ,
/ 70 # 6 ,
) 0
#
! 9
" # !
$ 0 + !
) , '
) , : '
) , ; (
) ,
/ , 0 (
. . 33
0 33
33 ) 0
< .
,
! ) 0
! )
/ & . :)
. < '
. % = +<: ) !
, 0 ) # # /
+ #
, + # # /
, / # / 1
, 3 # / ) >
) , # / #
/ ? @ A '
, ) , :
, ) ,
; (
, ) ,
/ , 0 (
, . . 33 )
, ! 0 33 0 / 0
, " . 33
3 , # $
3 , # # '
3 , # # # / 0 !
3 , ) # ,#
3 , ! , . , !
3 , " + .7) 0 $
3 , $ ; . # 3) ) 1
! "##$"#% #
& '##$
( ) * ) )(+(
( )(, ,() ) & )
- .
!
"
# $% & '
( ' '
) ) ' ' * *
" * + ' ) * , )
' * ' ) '
"
( ) ' ' ) ) #
*
-. * '
" ) * ) *
/ 0 12 ' 3 / 3
51
! " # $ %# &'
" ( )* )# ) & ++ , - .)
!/ .!.!#
) 0 0 ) )* 12 ( ! .! " #
) 0 3 ) )* 4 2 ( ! .! " #
) 0 ) )* 4 ! " #
) 0 5* # * ' ! *!*/! 6 #) * 2 .&#
1
!!! " # $
%
&
'(' $ !!! )** $ !)!
!!#
+ %
!! $ $
# $ !!,
- - !'!
. - - !'!
+
" $
/ & / &
0-.
2
112
1&
3 !!)
4 5
&
112 3 !!#
112
!!, 6 112
$
!!'7 / 8 !!(
3
112
112
$
) ,!! . *!.(9
112 -32 112
3 !!)
:
5 112
: ;
3
112
2
112
! " # $
! $
< 112
! %
< 112
" + $
& " $
" # !
" # 6= $ -14
% & -/ &
4
+ 5 . 5
+ 5
&
5 112
4 $ !!*
' (
+ $
$ $ " 112
& +
"
112
) ( *
3 ; / & 4 4
$
42 !
"
434
434
4
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
! " Alanine
Aminotransferase, γ Glutamyltransferase, and incident diabetes Diabetes Care # $% &$'
( # Radikal Bebas ) * + , - , . /
+ + !
) 0 1 2 3 4 1 5 - * 6 7 ) +
8 1 9 Complications of Diabetes Mellitus * : , 1
1 3 -! , 2 3 6 ; < - (
! +
' Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular
Disease * : )! 7 6 = > ; 1 ! ,
. : 8 6 ! 7 2 44 9"&
0 ) % = ), Advance in Diabetes for Millenium: Vitamins and Oxidant
stress in Diabetes and Its Complication 1 . ! +
4 ? 83 2 +< * 3 @ ; ( !: ( +
- ! 4 )18 # A $ B&
) "" : 3 8 + 0 Kapita Selekta
Patologi Klinik %
0 0 6 0 - B Pengaruh Paparan Udara Halotan Dengan Dosis
Subanestesi
Terhadap Gangguan Hati Mencit 8+ ;
-- 5 3 'diFiore’s Atlas Histology ; C 8 ; !
8 - : 3 %& "
D E 1 (( The pancreas and spleen. In : Anatomy at a Glance
. , : ) -0 3+ 2 4 ' &%
, # Hormon Pankreas & Traktus GastroIntestinal Dalam :
444
4
4
4
6 , - 3 )+-+ , - :
8
+! 7 $ )+-+Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran, " 8 - :
"9$& "
3 -+ 4+ - * Konsensus Pengelolaan Diabetes
Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia 2011 8 - : 3) 3 , * &'"
0 ) ""% Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Human Disease:
+ ! + F+ 2 #%%= >: $ &$ %
0- 1 2 ' Insulin Resistance and Its Role in the Pathogenesis
of Type 2 Diabetes. * : , , 2 1 6
8 1 8 = > 8 @ 1 + 2 44
6 7 6 - 3 4 3 % '&%%9
8 1 * * 7 - ; # Atherosclerosis: Signal Transduction
by Oxigen and Nitrogen Radicals * : ; - 7 8 + - = >
; + + . : 8 6 ! 7 44 &
* " * %
4://000 /
* * ) mechanisms of the Extracellular Antioxidant Defend,
Exp Pathol and Parasitol %:%"&'"
, 1 G+ D H 1 6 ; ! 9 Risk
factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural 6 : + !
+ ! * 8 9 =#>:$"&9
2 1 , 8 1 #
Gamma glutamyltransferase and Diabetes a 4 Year Follow up
Study %B:#'"&#B%
2 8 8 ' Association between Serum Gamma glutamyl
transferase and C Reactive Protein $9: # $&##
2 8 8 1 , ( * 8 2 0
# Gamma glutamyltransferase is Predictor of Incident Diabetes and Hypertension: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
454
4
4
4
2 , 8 8 8 + 3 7 ;+ 8
% γ glutamyltransferase, Obesity and the Risk of type 2 Diabetes: Observational Cohort Study among 20,158 middle aged Men and Women.
1 9"I J:'% &'% %
1 8 - 7 , - 8 5 Gamma glutamyltransferase: A
Novel Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker Preventive Cardiology: #B&%
1+ ! 1 ! 3 0 # Metabolism of Purin &
Pyrimidine Nucleotides 4 @ * + ) !
B 0 ! -: 1 0& 4 3 "#&#
+ 2 + , 18 1 . """ & 4 <
! 4 0 & + 4 + G 8
1 A" :##&9
3 4 ""B Buku Ajar Histologi (Textbook of Histology) '
8 - :
3 0 ' + * : ) + 0 + 2 , 4
2 + 2 2 8 2 8 : Harrison’s principles of
internal medicine. * B 0 K -: 1
0 4 ' &9
3 6 2 1 ' Patofisologi Konsep Klinis Proses
Penyakit )+-+ , - 8
+ : Ilmu Penyakit Dalam &% 8 - : ) 3
,.* 9%"& 9'
? 8 ) + 8 3 ) ; 8 7 DD 1 $
Textbook of Hepatology: from Basic Science to Clinical Practice #
) -0 3+ 2 44 # &# '
7 3 - 2 ' Methods in Enzymology * 44
%9% & %"9
+ 0 ' Uji aktivitas antioksidan dan jus buah mengkudu
(Morindacitrifolia) dan perannya sebagai inhibitor advanced end products (AGEs) akibat reaksi glikolisasi 8
-+C ! 9 Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien dengan Gangguan
Eksokrin dan Endokrin pada Pankreas 8 - :
+4 ""% Ketoasidosis Diabetik * + 3 !
-464
4
4
4
. K , D - 1 - , ! ; + E 0 ; Dietary
gluthatione protects rats from diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy 8 + A # :9"$&"
6 4 "" Gamma glutamyltransferase:
Determinants and Association with Mortality from Ischemic Heart Disease
and All:Causes. 8 + ( 4 ! % $: B""&$ 9
6 4 2 2 7 6 +4 3 ' Hepatic
enzymes,
the Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of type 2 Diabetes in Older Man
9: " #& " 9
6 E Diabetes programme 4://000 0 / / / %
8 +
6 0 3 ! 6 C ! " Anatomi Tubuh Manusia
K ! - : * + #'$&#B
6 % 4 of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and
