ABSTRACT
Hutahaean, David. Togi:
The Comparative Study of Verbal AffiXes
Between English And Toba Batak Language (TBL).
Thesis: English Applied Linguistic Study Program Graduate School State University Of Medan.2010' '
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GRADl JATI!: SCH( )OL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEJ)AN
A THESIS
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VERBAL AFFIXES BETWEEN
ENGLISH AND TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE
By
DAVID TOGI HUTAHAEAN
Registration Number : 072188330049
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM THE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
This thesis was examined on 7th September 2010 by bOard of examiners
Approved
by
Adviser commissions
~
Adviser 1
Adviser
.~~
Prof.Dr. J Naibaho
Prof.D.P Tampubolon,M.A,Phd
The Head of English A plied
Tlie Director of School of
..
Lin ·
Study Program
APPROVAL
This thesis was examined on
07th
September
2010
by Board OfExaminane
Board Of Examiners
1. Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibaho
2. Prof. D.P Tampubolon,Ph.D.
>
3. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A, Ph.D
4. Prof. Dr.Busmin Gurning, M.Pd.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Writing a thesis is a complex process. It requires insights into a problem and when the problem is determined then the research is started. Completing the work is anoilier challenge. The writer ought to consider the availability of data, time and energy. All ese things caused difficulties which should be dealt with. Whatever ilie situation is; however, there should be strong m tivation on the part of the writer to finish the academic work. He should admit that the difficulties often slowed down the process of completing the thesis.
the help of other pe0ple. To achieve the purpose of fulfilling the academic
>
requirements, he unhesitatingly went to his consultance for assistance. Through the - academic consultation he has gained confidence in writing this thesis which hopefully can produce a better understanding on compare affixesin
both of languages·ter would like to thank Prof.Dr.J. Naibaho, as the first consultant, wlio has provided more insights into starting the thesis project and encouraged the writer to go on with the work despite many difficulties. His suggestions and advice on how to make the research scient ~ fically worthwhile are highly appreciated.
M.A,Ph.d , as a second consultant, who has never failed to motivated the writer to
do what is the best. His encouraging advice to make the v.· r able to complete the thesis is useful and invaluable.
Next the writer should thank to Prof.Dr.Belfrric; · lanullang as Director of L TBI ( Linguistic Terapan Bahasa lngggris) graduate I. ;ram, for his incessant words of motivation so that the writer could begin · s as soon as possible. His provided respond to the needs of the writer in de ·
procedures have been the major factor in leading the wrik success in completing tfie work. He deserves the writer's sincere gratitude.
Next, the writer should thank to Prof.Dr.Busm · ·;uming,M.Pd , the Head master of English applied linguistics study pro: n an Prof.Dr.Lince Sibombing, M.Pd. the secretary, who has always
assistance in dealing with administrative procedures Further, the writer should thank all bis lectures, ~>
of LTBI who have taught him how to appreciate · understanding of human life. The humanistic sciences r department of English applied linguistic have opened a \ .
:ially for the lectures
The writer's sincere thanks are extended to a. ·is classmates at the who friendship has more ways than the
Last but not least, the writer thanks to his ·JVed parents Drs. T. Hutahaean M,Ed. And T Br Sinaga ,and his dearc:: ster Berliana Grace
..
..
Hutahaean and her husband, Helen Iotan Hutahaen and her husband. They
deserve his special gratitude for their patient and encouragements that have been a fundamental moral support has brought the writer to the accomplishment of his
Turnip
God Bless Us!
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93
is thesis ana the last to my beloved friend Jojor Delima
s
Medan 07 September 2010
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
ABSTRACT ...•••••..•...••...•...•••.•...•....•... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .•••••••...•••.•••....•••••...•••••••....•...••.•...•..•..•...• ii
TABLE OF CONTENT .•...•.••...•...•••.•••...•••••...
v
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1. The Background ofthe study ... ... . ... 1
1.2. The Problem of the study ... ... .... .. . ... .... ... ... . ... ... 4
1.3. The Objective of the study ... ... ... . ... ... .. . . . ... .5
1.4. The Scope of the study ... ... . .. . ... .. ... ... 5
1.5. The Significance ofthe study ... . ... . ... . ... 5
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Morphology Review ... . .. 72.2. The Definition of Affixes in English .. . ... . ... . .. 8
2.3. The Kinds of Affixes in English ... ... . .... . ... ... 8
2.4. The Definition of Verb in English ... .... . ... 9
2.5 The Kinds of verb in English ... . ... . ... . ... ... 9
he kinds of Verbal Affixes in English... .. ... 11
!2.6.1. iV erbal Prefixes in English... . ... ... .11
2.6.2. \'(erbal Suffixes
in
English ... .... ... .132.8. The efinition of Affixes In Toba Batak Language ... 16
2.9. The Definition of Verb in Toba Batak Language ... 16
2.10. The Kinds ofVerb In Toba Batak Language ... . ... .16
--2.11.1. Verbal Prefix in Toba batak language .. . . .. .. ... ... . ... 16
2.11.1.1 Prefix ma- ... . ... . ... 16
2.11.1.2 Prefix mar- ... 24
2.11.1.3 Prefix pa- ... 26
2.11.1.4 Prefix di- ... . ... 27
2.11.1.5 Prefix tar- ... 27
2.11.1.6 Prefix ha- ... ... 28
2.11.1.9 Prefix um- ... ... 30
2.11.2 Verbal Infixes in Toba Batak Language ... .. ... 30
2.11.2.1 Infix -in .. ... .... . . ... . .. . ... . ... 30
2.11.2.2 Infix -um ... 31
2.11.2.3 Infix -ar .. .. ... ... .. .. . .... ... ... ... .31
2.11.2.4 Infix -al ... .. ... ... . .. .... ... . ... 32
2.11.3 Verbal Sufixes in Toba Batak Language ... ~~ ... .32
2.11.3.1 Suffix -bon ... . ... .32
2.11.3.2 Suffix - an ... . ... .... ... 34
2.11.3.3 Suffix -i ... 34
2.11.3.4 Suffix -on ... .. ... .. .... 36
3.1. Research Design ... . .. . ... . 3.2. Technique of Collecting Data ... ... .. . ... ... ... 37
3.3. Techniaue of Analysing Data ... ... ... 37
4.2 Data Analysis ... 39
4.3 The Findings ... 69
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions .. .. ... .... .... .. .... .... .. ... ... ... ... .. .. .. .... ... . .. 75 5.2 Suggestions .. . ... . ... 76 REFERNCES ... . ... . ... . ... . ... 77
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Tbe Background of Tbe Study As human beings we all have
differentiated us from other creatures. This language can not be se~arated frOm the life of human beings, It is a part of our culture and the chief means by which the member of a society communicate or come into contact with other J)eople or person even with different culture of different language, that indicated a <leep meaning connecting to the distinctiveness of culture of nation or a group ef or tribe in a nation or a certain places.
Language plays a great part in our life. We need it as a means of communication to convey the needs, desire and everything. It can be used to express our ideas, feeling and to communicative to each other in our interaction in whatever and however we do in our life. It can be used to tell another man how to do a thing. We can tell him about setting a brick on another brick b); showing the · deas of bricklaying, without even showing him actual bridge . The second man, seizing on the idea, can suggest improvements or ask questions, without waste of
different from animal that can only watch the action and copy
...
houses, city, cars, airplanes, satellites, and etc. Our success in life depends to a great extend on how well you learn to use this tool.
Human being live in the world together. They live in relationship. They share feeling to others and cooperate among themselves and make contact to each other.
Language makes communications possible for individuals to ive in a society. Individuals use language to communicate with one another people exchange information about everything that is going on their life by communication. Communication is used for work, worship and play by everyone. e harmonious relationship can be made among people. Language is a means of a social co trol.
Language is closely related to the society. All members of the societY in most of their activities use it, but of course, the communication will exist if the users of the language can understand one each other. Language is purely human and non instinctive method of communicating ideas, symbols. It means that lang~e is a tool to convey all human activities (Sapir 1989:9)
Language is intimately tied to a man's feeling and activity. It is..bo1md up with nationally, religion and feeling or self. It expresses man' s thought,and language is a mirror ofthe mind (Chomsky,l982 :15)
Language is like a tree. It can grow and die. It is also like the communities that have come and gone with them their language. There are some 6000 language in the world, but of these about ha'lf are going die-out in the cause of next century
There are some reasons, why a language is dying or has been in distinction. Firstly the speaker of that language became too few or too old to save their
..
language. Secondly the community or its speakers do not care about the long life of their language therefore, there is no anybody is bothering to pass the language on the children. Thirdly, the young generation of the community using the language apt to experience the degradation of the language or they do not have any respect to use the language • because they assume that by using the language is less fashionable or it is not considered most to be admired.
What have happened to the language which one in danger: or in distinction ,
may occurred to the language of a tribe in Indonesia, e.g .Toba Batak Language (TBL), because its speakers are less and less in number and only the old an use it properly. The Head of North Tapanuli Regency Mr.R.E. Nainggolan
words to respond in his written speech for the first publication of dictionary in TBL apt to degrade even for sometime it will be in distinction for the era in progress, or because it is rarely used by the people of the tribe in speaking or in writing.
A language can be saved from dying or danger by putting the langl!age down on a paper, It is documented or recorded. So the people can gain a6out the
again, because as we know that a language is very interesting and important for. It
hand, if TBL has been in extinc on or dying then the characteristic, the way of life, culture will vanish and disappear with the Toba Batak Tribe.
To avoid the distinction of TBL as has been explained above, the writer of this thesis has an attempt to give a little contribution to save TBL by putting and recording it,so that the people in the future can study it.For this case the writer gives contribution by comparing English and TBL in Verbal Affixes .. This study is related to the improvement of TBL. The understanding of using verbal affixes can make us more easily to understand or to improve our vocabulary building. And the writer wants to find out the differences and the similarif~ from bo those languages.
The main purpose of the writer in writing this thesis is to discuss some
which the writer wants to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Magister Humaniora at the Applied English Linguistics Study Program Graduate Schooi,The State University OfMedan.
1.2 The Problems of The Study
The problems of the study are formulated as the follows:
a. What are the similarities between English and Toba Ba Lan~e
(TBL) in verbal affixes?
b.
atak Language (TBL)in verbal affi es?
1.3 Tbe Objectives ofTbe Study
The Objectives of the study are formulated as the follows:
a. To find out the similarities between English and Toba Batak Language (TBL) in verbal affixes?
b. To find out the differences between English and Toba Batak Language (TBL)in verbal affixes?
1.4 Tbe Scope of The Study
The analysis study is the comparison between the Verbal Affixe"s of and Toba Batak Language (TBL).The Emphasis is on the similarities and differences between those two language.
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1.5 The Significances of The Study The significance of this research :?
a. To help the readers know the processes of forming verbal affixes !letween English and Toba Batak Language (TBL),by using morphology process. b. To help the readers know the similarities and the differences of verbalaffixes Between English and Toba Batak Language(TBL).
language
d.- in practically to educate in general the youngsters ofToba Batak people to appreciate their own culture
- to give an opportunity
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CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
In this chapter the writer gives conclusion and suggestions based on the previous chapter that have been discussed .
• 5.1 . CONCLUSIONS
To avoid the distinction or dying, TBL must be saved by putting the language down on paper . It must be documented or recorded so that the peo le can gain th materials about the language that can be studied again for the sake of developing it, As we know the loss of a language is the loss of culture, characteristics, the way of life and everything about Batak Tribe. No TBL no Batak Tribe.
One way to know the language is to study its vocabulary that can be also known from derivational affixes, the study of Noun Verb, Adjective formations for instance. Therefore the study verbal affixes in TBL is also recapitize TBL for its futur<Urom the side of Morphology, the study of morphemes and their arrangement in word fortnation. Affixations is the process of attaching an affix to another morpheme( the root or stem)to a larger word. It can change the function of word after affixes addition. ffixation can be in verbal affixes, Noun affixes and, adjective affixes.
Affixes added to ont of the base word is called prefixes, in the middle it is called
prefixes in TBL is more than in English. There is no any verbal infixes in English, while
in TBL we have four as seen in the previous chapter. On the other hand the number verbal suffixes in English is more than TBL ( see chapter IV).
• It is hoped that TBL sb__ould be aware that is going to be in distinction because its users and speakers are less and less in number. It means the characteristics, culture, the way of life Batak tribe will be lost and at last the tribe itself.
future.
• TBL should be saved from dying or danger by putting the language down on
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TBL language to be studied or taught for the sake of enlivening the language .•
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is clearer for us to understand it later on ..• The TBL can be more well developed if we write it read by the people ofBatak tribe.
• The comparative study between TBL and other languages for instance Indonesian .is also very helpful to enliven it.
lost our language (TBL), everything is lo especially Batak
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Tarombo Ni Bangso Batak
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Introduction To Descriptive Linguistics.
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