Minggu 3 Different Path

Different Paths

North Korea

•

Communist system

•

The world most isolated regime

& economic backwardness

•

_{Dictatorship and human rights}

issues

“Juche” (

Self Reliance

) Ideology:

• Symbolizes autonomy or identity in ideology, ind

ependence in politics, self-sufficiency in econom

y and reliance on Korea’s own forces in national

defense.

• Characteristics of North Korean system:

- Acceptance of hereditary succession of power

- Most militarized country among communist

countries

South Korea

One of the most successful postwar

economic

and political development cases

•

12

th

largest economy (member of OECD)

•

12

th

largest trading country

•

₁₁

th

in global competitiveness (WEF 2007)

•

1

st

in university enrollment

•

₁

st

in broadband penetration (90% of

households)

IDEOLOGY

– Capital (e.g.Cha

• Right/Conservative

2007 Election

• Lee Myung-bak: Conserv

ative GNP

– 48.7%

– 11.49 million votes

• Chung Dong-young: UND

P

– 26.2%

– 6.17 million votes

• Lee Hoe-chang: Ultra-Co

nservative Independent

Inter-Korea Agreements &

Documents, 1953-Present

• Total 92 agreements & documents:

– 1953: Armistice Agreement

– 1972: Inter-Korean Joint Communique

– 1991-1992 (11 on Inter-Korean Basic

Agreement)

South Korea’s Policy Towards

North Korea

•

_{From confrontation to reconciliation}

•

Engagement policy of North Korea

during the last decade

· dialogue and cooperation

· confidence building

· peaceful coexistence

· prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast

Asia

•

_{Peaceful and gradual process of}

Sunshine Policy

Principles:

1) Not allow any armed provocation

hampering peace on the

peninsula

2) Don’t absorb North Korea

3) Push reconciliation and

Sunshine Policy

• Engagement Policy

• Reconciliation and Cooperation

• Peaceful co-existence not unification

• Dialog and Deterrence

Inter-Korean Relations

•

Humanitarian assistance

· South Korea is the biggest donor county to the

North

•

People’s exchanges

· In 2005, 88,000 South Koreans visited the North

(more than the total number of visitors during t

he

previous five decades)

SK Government Aid to North Korea,

1995-2004

Year Aid Amount (USD) Note

SK NGO Aid to North Korea, ’95-’04

Year

Aid

amount

Note

9/95-5/97

4,960,000 Food, blanket-via IFRC

6/97-7/97

8,500,000 Food, fertilizer-Korean RC

8/97-10/97

8,900,000 Food, vitamins-KRC

3/98

170,000 Fertilizer (800 mt)-KRC

4/98-6/98

9,350,000 Food, potato,socks–KRC

9/98-12/98

11,330,00

0

Corn, cows; NGO-food

1999

18,630,00

0

Indep (10 NGOs)- diverse KRC (2 4 NGOs) -food, clothing, med

2000

35,130,00

0

Independ (13 NGOs); KRC (16

NGOs)

2001

64,940,00

0

Indep (19 NGOs); KRC ($238,

333)

2002

51,170,00

Economic cooperation:

• Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion

USD (South Korea has become the 2

nd

l

argest trading partner of the North with

in a decade)

*

North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion USD

Gaeseong, the city next to the DMZ

Inter-Korean Summit Meetings (2000,

2007)

• Major results of the 2007 Summit: (Peace building)

· cooperation on denuclearization and establishment of a p eace regime

· reduction of military tension and the holding of a defense ministers’

meeting

· holding Prime Minister’s meeting

(Economic cooperation)

· creating a Special Peace and Cooperation Zone in the We st Sea

· constructing ship-building complexes and repairing roads · expanding Gaeseong Industrial Complex

•

6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, China,

Russia

•

Progress:

(North Korea’s action to be taken by the end of

2007)

· disable key nuclear facilities

· provide a complete and correct declaration of all its

nuclear programs

(Other Six Party’s action)

·

economic and energy assistance up to the equivalent

of

1 million tons of heavy fuel oil

•

_{Long-term Goals}

·

to establish a permanent

peace

regime on the Korean

Peninsula

·

to develop a multilateral

security