PERENGABAAN PENGEFClBANGAN PERTANIAM

(1)

PERENGABAAN

PENGEFClBANGAN

PERTANIAM

[

Studi

Kasus

di

Kabupaten Sanggau

,

Propinsi

Kalimantan Barat

1

Oleh

R A H M A D

S V A K l B

ARSVALAN

A 20 1709

JURUSAN TANAH

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN, INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR 1990

(2)

W H A D SYAKIB ARSYALAN. P e n i l a i a n P o t e n s i W i l a y a h u n t u k P e r e n c a n a a n P e n g e m b a n g a n P e r t a n i a n ; S t u d i K a s u s d i K a b u p a -

t e n S a n g g a u , P r o p i n s i K a l i m a n t a n B a r a t . ( D i bawah b i m b i n g -

a n WOENTOHA SELARI d a n SANTUA R . P . SITORUS).

S t u d i i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g e v a l u a s i k e s e s u a i a n d a n k e t e r s e d i a a n l a h a n d i w i l a y a h s t u d i s e r t a m e l a k u k a n p e n i - l a i a n p o t e n s i w i l a y a h b e r d a s a r k a n p e n i l a i a n a s p e k - a s p e k k e s e s u a i a n d a n k e t e r s e d i a a n l a h a n , k e l e n g k a p a n p r a s a r a n a p e l a y a n a n , a k s e s i b i l i t a s / t i p e j a r i n g a n j a l a n d a n k e p a d a t a n p e n d u d u k . S t u d i k a s u s d i l a k u k a n d i w i l a y a h a d m i n i s t r a t i f K a b u p a t e n S a n g g a u y a n g m e l i p u t i l u a s 1 8 3 0 2 0 0 h a . K e g i - a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n m e l i p u t i s t u d i p u s t a k a , p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a s e k u n d e r , a n a l i s i s d a t a d a n p e n y a j i a n h a s i l , b e r l a n g - s u n g s e j a k awal A g u s t u s 1 9 8 9 h i n g g a J u n i 1 9 9 0 . A n a l i s i s k e s e s u a i a n l a h a n s e b a g i a n b e s a r m e n g i k u t i k r i t e r i a y a n g t e r c a n t u r n d a l a m " R e c o n n a i s a n c e L a n d R e s o u r c e S u r v e y s " (CSR/FAO S t a f f , 1 9 8 3 ) . S e d a n g k a n d a t a d a s a r k a r a k t e r i s t i k / k u a l i t a s l a h a n m e n g g u n a k a n d a t a s i s t e m l a h a n

(u

s v s t e a ) y a n g b e r s u m b e r d a r i RePPProT ( 1 9 8 7 ) . S e l a n - j u t n y a u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h l a h a n - l a h a n y a n g t e r s e d i a a t a u l a h a n - l a h a n y a n g d a p a t d i k e m b a n g k a n l e b i h l a n j u t , l a h a n y a n g d i g o l o n g k a n s e s u a i u n t u k p e n g e m b a n g a n p e r t a n i a n d i - t u m p a n g t i n d i h k a n ( g v e r l a v ) d e n g a n p e t a p e n g g u n a a n l a h a n sekarang/TGHK d a n p e t a a l o k a s i l a h a n y a n g t e l a h t e r d a f t a r .

(3)

S e d a n g k a n p o t e n s i w i l a y a h d i t e t a p k a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e n i l a i - an k e s e s u a i a n d a n k e t e r s e d i a a n l a h a n p a d a m a s i n g - m a s i n g k e c a m a t a n , k e l e n g k a p a n p r a s a r a n a p e l a y a n a n , t i p e j a r i n g a n j a l a n d a n k e p a d a t a n p e n d u d u k . Hasil s t u d i m e n u n j u k k a n bahwa d a r i 1 8 s i s t e m l a h a n d i w i l a y a h s t u d i , h a n y a 6 s i s t e m l a h a n y a n g s e s u a i ( S ) u n t u k

pengembangan p e r t a n i a n y a i t u sistem l a h a n KHY, B L I , LWW

TWH, H J A d a n TDR; s i s t e m l a h a n l a i n n y a y a i t u MDW, GBT,

MPT, MTL, PLN, JLH, TBA, BTA, PDH, BRW, BPD d a n TWI t i d a k

s e s u a i (N) u n t u k pengembangan p e r t a n i a n . L u a s a n p o t e n - s i a l k e s e l u r u h a n s i s t e m l a h a n y a n g t e r g o l o n g N a d a l a h s e k i t a r 3 9 7 700 h a . S e d a n g k a n s i s t e m l a h a n t e r g o l o n g S , l u a s a n p o t e n s i a l k e s e l u r u h a n s e k i t a r 1 4 1 0 3 0 0 h a , namun y a n g d a p a t d i k e m b a n g k a n l e b i h l a n j u t s e k i t a r 4 4 2 9 3 3 h a . S i s t e m l a h a n LWW merupakan s i s t e m l a h a n d e n g a n k u a l i - t a s t e r b a i k d i K a b u p a t e n S a n g g a u , t e r u t a m a u n t u k k o m o d l t i p e r k e b u n a n ( S 2 ) d a n rumput makanan t e r n a k k e r b a u ( S 1 ) . D i s a m p i n g i t u s i s t e m l a h a n i n i s e s u a i m a r j i n a l ( S 3 ) u n t u k pengembangan t a n a m a n p a n g a n ( p a d i s a w a h d a n t a n a m a n p a n g a n l a h a n k e r i n g )

.

S i s t e m l a h a n s e s u a i l a i n n y a y a i t u TWH, H J A , TDR, KHY d a n BLI h a n y a m e m i l i k i k e s e s u a i a n l a h a n S 3 . S i s t e m l a h a n TWH d a n H J A s e s u a i m a r j i n a l u n t u k p e r k e b u n a n , r u m p u t makanan t e r n a k k e r b a u d a n t a n a m a n p a n g a n l a h a n k e r i n g .

(4)

S i s t e m l a h a n RHY h a n y a m u n g k i n u n t u k p e n g e m b a n g a n p a d i s a w a h , k e d e l a i d a n k e l a p a s a w i t . S e d a n g k a n s i s t e m l a h a n B L I h a n y a m u n g k i n u n t u k p e n g e m b a n g a n p a d i s a w a h d a n p a d i g o g o . F a k t o r f i s i k l a h a n y a n g p a l i n g d o m i n a n d a l a m m e n e n t u - k a n k e s e s u a i a n l a h a n d i w i l a y a h i n i a d a l a h k e m i r i n g a n l e r e n g , k e d a l a m a n e f e k t i f t a n a h , k e d a l a m a n g a m b u t , g e n a n g - a n , k e d a l a m a n p i r i t d a n s i n g k a p a n b a t u a n . F a k t o r pengham- b a t c u r a h h u j a n j u g a d i j u m p a i , k h u s u s b a g i p e n g e m b a n g a n k o m o d i t i k e d e l a i d a n k a k a o , s e r t a d i j u m p a i p u l a f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t t i p e i k l i m , k h u s u s b a g i p e n g e m b a n g a n r u m p u t makanan t e r n a k s a p i d a n k o m o d i t i t e b u . R e c a m a t a n - k e c a m a t a n y a n g t e r g o l o n g b e r p o t e n s i t i n g g i b a g i p e n g e m b a n g a n p e r t a n i a n d i K a b u p a t e n S a n g g a u a d a l a h S a n g g a u K a p u a s , S e k a d a u H i l i r , T a y a n H i l i r , T a y a n H u l u d a n B a l a i ; b e r p o t e n s i s e d a n g a d a l a h B e l i t a n g N i l i s , %k.a&err. ,.. : H u l u , Kernbayan, Mukok d a n P s r i n d u ; b e r p o t e n s i rendah ads-

l a h M e l i a u , S e k a y a m , N a n g a t a m a n , B e d u a i , Nangamahap d a n B e l i t s n g Aulu: s e d s n g k a n k a c a m a t a n - k e c s m a t a n y a n g h r r p n -

t e n s i sangat rendah a d a l a h J a n g k a n g , B o n t i , Noyan d a n

(5)

PENILAIBN POTENSI WILAPAW UNTUK PERENCABmN PENGEHBBWGBN PERTBNIM

( S t u d i K a s u s d i K a b u p a t e n S a n g g a u , P r o p i n s i K a l i m a n t a n B a r a t )

O l e h

RBNHaD

SYAKIB ARSYALBN

A 20 1709 L a p o r a n P e n e l a a h a n M a s a l a h K h u s u s S e b a g a i S a l a h S a t u S y a r a t U n t u k M e m p e r o l e h G e l a r S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n P a d a F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r JURUSAN TANAH

PAKULTAS PERTANIAN, INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

(6)

RIWAYAT HIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r k a n p a d a t a n g g a l 27 Desember 1 9 6 4 d i P o s o ( S u l a w e s i T e n g a h ) , s e b a g a i a n a k p e r t a m a d i a n t a r a d e l a p a n b e r s a u d a r a , d a r i a y a h b e r n a m a H a j i Achmad B . Aly d a n i b u b e r n a m a H a j j a h Munawarah Moh. S a l e h Dg M a t t i r o . J e n j a n g P e n d i d i k a n f o r m a l , p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 1 masuk

SD

N e g e r i

111

P o s o d a n t a m a t t a h u n 1 9 7 6 , t a h u n 1 9 7 7 m e 1 a n j u ~ - k a n k e SMP N e g e r i I P o s o d e n t a m a t t a h u n 1 9 8 0 . P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 0 m e n e r u s k a n k e SMA N e g e r i I U j u n g P a n d a n g ( S u l a w e s i S e l a t a n ) d a n tamat t a h u n 1 9 8 3 . P a d a t a h u n y a n g sama m e l a n j u t k a n p e n d i d i k a n d i I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n Bogor ( I P B ) m e l a l u i P r o y e k P e r i n t i s

I1

dan s e c a r a r e s m i d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i m a h a s i s w a J u r u s a n T a n a h , F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n IPB ( t i n g k a t 1 1 ) p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 4 .

(7)

J u d u l L a p o r a n : PENILAIAN PPTENSI HILAYAH UNTUK PEREN-

28NBBEi' PEHGEWBBWGBN PERTMIBN ( S t u d i K a s u s d i K a b u p a t e n S a n g g a u , P r o p i n s i K a l i m a n t a n B a r a t )

Nama Mahasiswa : RBHWAD SYAKIB A R S Y P l t B

Nomor Pokok : A 20 1709 M e n y e t u j u i :

---

Dosen Pembimbing I

...

Dosen Pembimbing I1

...

K e t u a J u r u s a n T a n a h T a n g g a l L u l u s : 31 AGUSTUS 1990

(8)

Karya I l m i a h i n i d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k memenuhi s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e n c a p a i g e l a r K e s a r j a n a a n S t r a t a - 1 p a d a J u r u s a n T a n a h , F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r . T o p i k y a n g d i b a h a s m e r u p a k a n h a s i l s t u d i t a h a p awal d a r i k e g i a t a n e v a l u a s i l a h a n u n t u k p e n c a r i a n l a h a n - l a h a n y a n g b e r p o t e n s i d a n d a p a t d i k e m b a n g k a n l e b i h l a n j u t b a g i k e g i a t a n p e r t a n i a n , s e r t a m e l a k u k a n p e n i l a i a n p o t e n s i m a s i n g - m a s i n g w i l a y a h k e c a m a t a n b e r d a s a r k a n k e s e s u a i a n d a n k e t e r s e d i a a n l a h a n n y a , k e l e n g k a p a n p r a s a r a n a p e l a y a n a n , j a r i n g a n t r a n s p o r t a s i d a n k e p e n d u d u k a n , d e n g a n w i l a y a h s t u d i k a s u s K a b u p a t e n S a n g g a u , P r o p i n s i K a l i m a n t a n B a r a t . D a l a m p e n u l i s a n k a r y a i l m i a h i n i p e n u l i s b a n y a k m e n d a p a t b i m b i n g a n i ' p e n g a r a h a n d a r i B a p a k I r X o e n t o h a S e l a r i , MS d a n B a p a k D r I r S a n t u n R . P . S i t o r u s . O l e h k a r e n a n y a p a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i , p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n b a n y a k t e r i m a k a s i h a t a s s e g a l a s u m b a n g a n p e m i k i r a n d a n p e r h a - t i a n , s e j a k m u l a i p e r s i a p a n p e l a k s a n a a n h i n g g a s e l e s a i n y a p e n u l i s a n k a r y a i l m i a h i n i . Ucapan t e r i m a k a s i h j u g a p e n u l i s s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a I r E r n a n R u s t i a d i d a n s t a f Lembaga P e n e l i t i a n ( L P ) IPB a t a s kemudahan y a n g d i b e r i k a n d a l a m m e m p e r o l e h d a t a d a r i LP-IPB. i v

(9)

R a s a t e r i m a k a s i h t i a d a t a r a , p e n u l i s s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a o r a n g t u a p e n u l i s , a d i k - a d i k s e r t a s e g e n a p k e l u a r g a y a n g s e n a n t i a s a memberikan b a n t u a n d a n d o r o n g a n y a n g b e s a r k e p a d a p e n u l i s

.

T e r i m a k a s i h p u l a p e n u l i s s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a s o b a t Anwar, S y a f r u d d i n , Nasir d a n Ado a t a s k e r j a s a m a n y a y a n g b a i k , t e r u t a m a d i a k h i r - a k h i r p e n u l i s a n k a r y a i l m i a h i n i . Ucapan t e r i m a k a s i h j u g a p e n u l i s s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a semua p i h a k y a n g t e l a h membantu p e n u l i s , b a i k l a n g s u n g maupun t i d a k l a n g s u n g , b a i k m o r i l maupun m a t e r i l , y a n g t i d a k mungkin p e n u l i s s e b u t s a t u p e r s a t u . D i a t a s s e g a l a n y a p e n u l i s b e r s y u k u r k e p a d a A l l a h SWT a t a s s e g a l a p e t u n j u k - Nya y a n g s e n a n t i a s a m e n g i r i n g i a k t i v i t a s hamba d a n k e p a d a - Nya hamba p u l a n g k a n s e g a l a s e s u a t u .

A k h i r n y a p e n u l i s mohon maaf k e p a d a pembaca a t a s

s e g a l a k e k u r a n g a n y a n g t e r d a p a t d a l a m t u l i s a n i n i .

B o g o r , A k h i r A g u s t u s 1990 P e n u l i s

(10)

DBFTAR IS1 H a l a m a n DAFTAR T A B E L

. . .

v i i i DBFTAR GBHBAR

. . .

x

PENDAHULUAE

. . .

1 L a t a r B e l a k a n g

. . .

1 T u j u a n P e n e l i t i a n

. . .

3 T I N J A U A E PUSTAKA

. . .

4 P e n g e r t i a n Ruang d a n W i l a y a h . . . 4 E v a l u a s i S u m b e r d a y a L a h a n

. . .

6 P e n g e r t i a n S i s t e m L a h a n

. . .

7 K l a s i f i k a s i K e s e s u a i a n L a h a n

. . .

1 0 K e s e s u a i a n L a h a n p a d a T i n g k a t O r d o

.

1 0 K e s e s u a i a n L a h a n p a d a T i n g k a t Kelas

.

11 K e s e s u a i a n L a h a n p a d a T i n g k a t S u b K e i a s

.

1 2 BAHAB D M HETODA

. . .

13 T e m p a t d a n Waktu P e n e l i t i a n

. . .

13 Bahan

. . .

13 P e n i l a i a n K e s e s u a i a n d a n K e t e r s e d i a a n L a h a n

. . .

.

15

. . .

P e n i l a i a n P o t e n s i W i l a y a h 1 7

EBDBBN UMUM WILAYAH S T U D 1

. .

K e a d a a n F i s i k

. . .

2 0