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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. National Down Syndrom Society. About Down Syndrom. Available from www.ndss.org[internet].(Diakses: 3 Januari 2015).

2. Wiseman FK, Alford K a, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC. Down Syndrome--Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Hum Mol Genet. 2009.h:75-83. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp010.

3. Sherman SL, Allen EG, Bean LH, Freeman SB. Epidemiology of Down Syndrome. 2007;227(July)h:221-7. doi:10.1002/mrdd.

4. Ghosh S, Hong C-S, Feingold E, et al. Epidemiology of Down syndrome: new insight into the multidimensional interactions among genetic and environmental risk factors in the oocyte. Am J Epidemiol. 2011.h:1009-16. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr240.

5. Mohammed S, Harasi AL. Down Syndrome in Oman: Etiology, Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors. A Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetic and

Epidemiological Study. 2010.h:1-12.

6. Quintana EM, Gonzales FR, Jil Jose MM, Munoz JA, Lago VN. Clinical Outcome in Down Syndrome Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. 2010.h:245-50.

7. Laksono Sony P, Qomariyah, Purwaningsih Endang. Persentase Distribusi Penyakit Genetik dan Penyakit yang Dapat Disebabkan oleh Faktor Genetik di RSUD Serang. 2011.h:267-71.

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8. Badang Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. 2013.[internet].(diakses pada: 3 Januari 2015). 9. Bennetts LK, Flynn MC. Improving the Classroom Listening Skills of

Children with Down syndrome by Using Sound- Fi eld Amplification. 2002.h:19-24.

10. Kawanto FH, Soejatmiko, Hendarto A. Factors Associated with Intelligence in Young Children with Down Syndrome. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2012.h:194-9.

11. Stoel-Gammon C. Down Syndrome Phonology: Developmental Patterns and Intervention Strategies. Down Syndr Res Pract. 2001.h:93-100. doi:10.3104/reviews.118.

12. Laws G, Bishop DVM. Verbal Deficits in Down’s Syndrome and Specific Language Impairment: a Comparison. Int J Lang Commun Disord.

2004.h:423-51. doi:10.1080/13682820410001681207.

13. Kumin L, Ph D. Speech intelligibility and Childhood Verbal Apraxia in Children with Down Syndrome. 2006.h:10-22.

14. National Down Syndrome Society. Downs's Syndrome and Childhood Deafness. Available from: www.ndcs.org.uk.[internet].(Diakses: 15 Januari 2015).

15. Andrianti VB. Distribusi Kelainan Kromosom Sindrom Down dan Usia Ibu saat Melahirkan di SLB Negeri Semarang. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. 2008.h:1-12.

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16. Citumorang Charina. Hubungan Sindroma Down dengan Umur Ibu , Pendidikan Ibu , Pendapatan Keluarga , dan Faktor Lingkungan. 2011.h:96-101.

17. Faradz SMH. Retardasi Mental Pendekatan Seluler dan Molekuler. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. 2004.h:6-17. 18. Nikmah Maulin. Status Fungsional Anak Sindroma Down Usia 6 - 18

Tahun Menurut Modified WeeFIM Serta Faktor Faktor yang Berhubungan di Beberapa SLB C di Jakarta. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. 2013.h:5-15.

19. Ministry of Health New Zealand. The Clinical Assessment and

Management of Children , Young People and Adults with Down Syndrome Recommended Clinical Practice. Available from:

www.moh.govt.nz.[internet].(Diakses: 13 Februari 2013)

20. Maroonroge S, Emanuel DC, Letowski TR. Basic Anatomy of the Hearing System. doi:10.1037/e614362011-009.

21. Federal Aviation Administration. Hearing and Noise in Aviation. :1-4. doi:10.1037/e560592010-001.

22. Phillips Scott. 4 . 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear. Lecture from: Prof Bilmes J. University of Washington Department of Electrical Engineering. 2005.

23. Alberti PW. The Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear and Hearing. University of Toronto. h: 1-11.

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24. University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio. LESSON FIVE : Anatomy of the Human Ear. 2001.h:4-7.

25. Swanepoel DW, Laurent C. Open Acces Guide to Audiology and Hearing Aids for Otolaryngologist.h: 1-4. Available from:

entdev.uct.ac.za.[internet].(Diakses: 12 Februari 2015).

26. Duthey B. Priority Medicine for Europe and the World "A Public Health Approach to Innovation ” Update on 2004 Background Paper Background Paper 6 . 21 Hearing Loss. 2013.

27. Layton TL, Ph D, Drive M. Developmental Scale of Children with Down Syndrome. 2004.

28. Kent RD, Vorperian HK. Speech impairment in Down syndrome: a review. 2013.h:178-210. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0148).

29. Handayani F K, Soedjatmiko, Hendarto A. Factors associated with intelligence in young children with Down syndrome. 2012.

30. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2007). Scope of Practice in Speech-Language Pathology [Scope of Practice].[internet] Available from : www.asha.org/policy.(diakses pada : 3 Januari 2015). 31. Laws G, Hall A.Early Hearing Loss and Language Abillities In Children

With Down Syndrome.2014.

32. Laws G. Contributions of Phonological Memory, Language

Comprehension and Hearing to the Expressive Language of Adolescents and Young Adults with Down Syndrome.2004.

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Lampiran 4. Data output SPSS Hasil Penelitian

Jenis kelamin * DDST

Crosstab 3 19 22 4.1 17.9 22.0 50.0% 73.1% 68.8% 9.4% 59.4% 68.8% 3 7 10 1.9 8.1 10.0 50.0% 26.9% 31.3% 9.4% 21.9% 31.3% 6 26 32 6.0 26.0 32.0 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 18.8% 81.3% 100.0% Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Laki-laki Perempuan Jenis kelamin Total Normal Delay ed DDST Total Chi-Square Tests 1.208b 1 .272 .373 1 .541 1.142 1 .285 .346 .264 1.171 1 .279 32 Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correctiona Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by -Linear Association N of Valid Cases Value df Asy mp. Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided)

Computed only f or a 2x2 table a.

2 cells (50.0%) hav e expect ed count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1. 88.

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BERA AD * DDST

Crosstab 2 8 10 1.9 8.1 10.0 33.3% 30.8% 31.3% 6.3% 25.0% 31.3% 1 11 12 2.3 9.8 12.0 16.7% 42.3% 37.5% 3.1% 34.4% 37.5% 3 3 6 1.1 4.9 6.0 50.0% 11.5% 18.8% 9.4% 9.4% 18.8% 0 3 3 .6 2.4 3.0 .0% 11.5% 9.4% .0% 9.4% 9.4% 0 1 1 .2 .8 1.0 .0% 3.8% 3.1% .0% 3.1% 3.1% 6 26 32 6.0 26.0 32.0 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 18.8% 81.3% 100.0% Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Normal Ringan Sedang Berat Sangat berat BERA AD Total Normal Delay ed DDST Total Chi-Square Tests 5.634a 4 .228 5.675 4 .225 .001 1 .979 32 Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by -Linear Association N of Valid Cases Value df Asy mp. Sig. (2-sided)

8 cells (80.0%) hav e expected count less t han 5. The minimum expected count is .19.

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BERA AS * DDST

Crosstab 1 7 8 1.5 6.5 8.0 16.7% 26.9% 25.0% 3.1% 21.9% 25.0% 1 10 11 2.1 8.9 11.0 16.7% 38.5% 34.4% 3.1% 31.3% 34.4% 2 4 6 1.1 4.9 6.0 33.3% 15.4% 18.8% 6.3% 12.5% 18.8% 1 4 5 .9 4.1 5.0 16.7% 15.4% 15.6% 3.1% 12.5% 15.6% 1 1 2 .4 1.6 2.0 16.7% 3.8% 6.3% 3.1% 3.1% 6.3% 6 26 32 6.0 26.0 32.0 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 18.8% 81.3% 100.0% Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Normal Ringan Sedang Berat Sangat berat BERA AS Total Normal Delay ed DDST Total

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NPar Tests

Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Chi-Square Tests 3.004a 4 .557 2.740 4 .602 1.579 1 .209 32 Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by -Linear Association N of Valid Cases Value df Asy mp. Sig. (2-sided)

8 cells (80.0%) hav e expected count less t han 5. The minimum expected count is .38.

a. Frequencies 6 26 32 6 26 32 DDST Normal Delay ed Total Normal Delay ed Total BERA AD BERA AS N Test Statisticsa .231 .321 .231 .321 -.154 .000 .510 .708 .958 .698 Absolute Positiv e Negativ e Most Extreme Dif f erences Kolmogorov -Smirnov Z Asy mp. Sig. (2-tailed)

BERA AD BERA AS

Grouping Variable: DDST a.

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BERA * DDST

Crosstab 1 7 8 1.5 6.5 8.0 16.7% 26.9% 25.0% 3.1% 21.9% 25.0% 1 10 11 2.1 8.9 11.0 16.7% 38.5% 34.4% 3.1% 31.3% 34.4% 2 4 6 1.1 4.9 6.0 33.3% 15.4% 18.8% 6.3% 12.5% 18.8% 1 4 5 .9 4.1 5.0 16.7% 15.4% 15.6% 3.1% 12.5% 15.6% 1 1 2 .4 1.6 2.0 16.7% 3.8% 6.3% 3.1% 3.1% 6.3% 6 26 32 6.0 26.0 32.0 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 18.8% 81.3% 100.0% Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Count Expected Count % wit hin DDST % of Total Normal Ringan Sedang Berat Sangat berat BERA Total Normal Delay ed DDST Total

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NPar Tests

Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Chi-Square Tests 3.004a 4 .557 2.740 4 .602 1.579 1 .209 32 Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by -Linear Association N of Valid Cases Value df Asy mp. Sig. (2-sided)

8 cells (80.0%) hav e expected count less t han 5. The minimum expected count is .38.

a. Frequencies 6 26 32 DDST Normal Delay ed Total BERA N Test Statisticsa .321 .321 .000 .708 .698 Absolute Positiv e Negativ e Most Extrem e Dif f erences Kolmogorov -Smirnov Z Asy mp. Sig. (2-tailed)

BERA

Grouping Variable: DDST a.

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Lampiran 5. Biodata Peneliti

Identitas

Nama : Arge Raviadi Muhammad NIM : 22010111130067

Tempat, Tanggal Lahir : Klaten, 21 Oktober 1993 Jenis Kelamin : Laki – laki

Alamat : Jalan Kanguru Tengah 23 Semarang Nomor HP : 081215894798

E-mail : raviadiarge@yahoo.com

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

SD : SD Negeri Sompok Lulus : 2005 SMP : SMP Negeri 2 Semarang Lulus : 2008 SMA : SMA Negeri 3 Semarang Lulus : 2011 Kuliah : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro Masuk : 2011

Keanggotaan Organisasi

Staff SENIOR HIMA KU 2011/2012

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