WATER INTAKE AND HYDRATION
PHYSIOLOGY DURING CHILHOOD
Prof. Dr. Hardinsyah, MS
Professor in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology,
Bogor Agricultural University
President, Food and Nutrition Society of Indonesia
(PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia)
International Symposium on Early Life Education
October 5, 2017
Grand Cempaka Hotel
Jakarta
OUTLINE
1. Water : An essential Nutrient
2. Water Physiology
3. Water Requirement for Children
1.
WATER: AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT
10/3/2017 3
To be a healthy & intelligent
children required:
1. Nutrients (food & drink)
2. Stimulation & Education
Water (H2O) is one of essential
macronutrients, seems to be
forgotten.
One of the 10 messages of
Indonesian nutrition guidelines
(the 7
th
message) is “Drink safe
water in adequate amount
amount
”
Water is the most abundant
Water in the Human Body
Water has numerous functions. For
children growth, development & health
Water is the most frequently recycled
element in the human body.
Water rapidly enter stomach, absorbed
in large intestine (10%) and small
intestine (90%)
Water goes to blood within 5 minutes
after drinking
Functions of Water for Body:
1. Components of liquids & cells
2. Solvent
3. Heat regulator
4. Media for transportation
5. Media for toxin elimination
6. Lubricants and bearings/pads
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Inadequate
body water
(Dehydration)
Adequate
body water
No
Umur
(Thn)
Berat (kg)
Tinggi
(cm)
AKG (Kebutuhan
Air), Liter/hari
1
<0.5
6.0
61.0
ASI saja
2
0.5-1.0
9.0
71.0
0.8
3
1-3
13.0
91.0
1.2
4
4-6
19.0
112.0
1.5
5
7-9
27.0
130.0
1.9
3.
WATER REQUIREMENT FOR CHILDREN
Six (6) glasses of water were suggested to
be drink for children 4-6 yrs everyday
Check Urine Color is a simple way
What Happen If We Did Not Well Hydrated ?
1. Headache
2. Dry skin
3. Increase body temperature
4. Constipation
5. Weakness (less motoric activity)
6. Less focus/concentration
7. Increase risk of kidney stone
8. Increase risk of urinary tract infection
Dehydration
A loss of fluid that overwhelms body’s ability to
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Many school children residing in hot climate zones
are prone to be in a state of chronic voluntary
Dehydration chronic dehydration has adverse
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4.
QUALITY DRINKING WATE FOR CHILDRENR
MOH Decree No 492/2010
on Quality Drinking Water
1. Drinking water : Water with or without
processing that fulfills health requirements
and can be consumed directly
2. Water safe to be consumed if it is fulfill 4
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10/3/2017 Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo 17
Source: MOH Decree No 75/2013 on RDA for Indonesian (Permenkes Nomor 75/2013)
Tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia
Boy
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs Mo
Mo
18.9
25.8
32.7
37.8
46.6
46.1
19.7
32.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Kuintil 5
Kuintil 4
Kuintil 3
Kuintil 2
Kuintil 1
Desa
Kota
Kota+Desa
% of Families Access to Low Quality of Drinking
Water
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No
Type of Drinks
Number of
samples
Acidity
–
pH
(Mean
±
Sd)
1
Carbonated and caloric drink
28
3.3
±
0.5
2
Fruit & veg juices , from powder
8
3.3
±
0.3
3
Energy drink
7
3.4
±
0.3
4
Fruit & veg juices
50
3.7
±
0.4
5
Isotonic drink
11
3.8
±
0.3
6
Carbonated non-caloric drink
3
4.2
±
1.2
7
Tea drink, bottled or packed
29
4.7
±
1.2
8
Other tea drink
11
5.8
±
2.0
9
Milk, liquid milk
52
6.3
±
1.1
10
Coffee drink
18
6.4
±
0.3
11
Mineral water
13
6.7
±
1.1
12
Milk, from powder milk
18
6.7
±
0.5
Source: Hardinsyah and Gaaniyati, F (2011)
Acidity Level & Energy Content
Prefered Drink
51.5%
48.5%
58.7%
41.3%
75.8%
24.2%
80.4%
19.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Lebih menyukai air putih
Lebih menyukai minuman
berkalori
Remaja Laki-laki
Remaja Perempuan
Dewasa Laki-laki
Dewasa Perempuan
Teen boys
Teen girls
Adult males
Adult
females
Prefered Prefered
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Energy Intake from
Caloric Beverages (CB) Indo Vs USA
1638
±
764
470
±
454
2065
±
1043
Indonesian
Teens (kcal)
CB
21.0%
FO
Popkin et al. (2006)
About 20%
energy intake
from beverages
of American
Trend of SSB Intakes among Children in
USA in 3 decades (kcal/cap/d)
META-ANALISIS:
SSB and Overweight among Children & Teens (BMI )
Malik, V. S et al. Am J Clin Nutr
1. Drink plain safe water in adequate amount (6
glasses for PAUD Children)
2. Drink before thirsty (dry lips)
3. If you consider about pH, choose drink with pH
6.5-8.5
4. Drink beverages with minimum risk to dental
erosion, obesity, insulin resistance, kidney stones,
hypernatremia & other related diseases
Healthier & wiser ways for
healthy hydration
5.
It is important to improve access to quality
drinking water by children, familly, school,
working palce, and community
Efforts should be made to educate children and
community to improve drinking habits
Schools and teachers play important roles in
such education
Requires role models fro children (peer,
family members, teachers, health
Terima kasih
Wassa
lam
THANK
YOU
hardinsyah2010@gmail.com
