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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS TRANSLATION
IN THE NOVEL
THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA
THESIS
Submitted As a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
for The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Written by:
DANANG FITRIANTO C0308027
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
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v
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
ALLAH SWT, the lord of the Universe.
My beloved father and mother.
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MOTTO
KEGAGALAN
HANYA TERJADI
BILA KITA MENYERAH
-Lessing-
IT ALWAYS SEEMS IMPOSSILE UNTIL IT IS DONE
-Nelson Mandela-
TIADA DOA YG LEBIH INDAH SELAIN DOA AGAR SKRIPSI INI
CEPAT SELESAI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahi Rabbil „Alamin. All gratitude for Allah SWT The
Almighty of the universe for all the blessing given to me in completing my thesis. Thank you so much for Your blessing and guidance so I can finish this thesis. During completing my thesis, I met generous people around me that always support and help me. In this occasion, I would like to thank to them because without them this thesis will not completed:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Drs. Riyadi Santosa,
M.Ed, Ph.D, thank you for approving my thesis.
2. The Head of English Department Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D
thanks for giving me permission to write this thesis.
3. Thesis supervisor Prof. Drs. M.R Nababan,M.Ed, M.A., Ph.D. Thank
you professor for your patience and kindness to make me better. Also I would like to express my deepest appreciation for his advices and guidance along the way I work on my thesis. Thank you Sir!
4. My academic supervisor Dra. Sri Kusumo Habsari, M. Hum., Ph.D.
Thank you for always listening me whenever I face problems. Your supports and advices mean a lot to me.
5. My raters Soemardiono, S.S., M.Hum, Herianto Nababan, S.S.,
M.Hum, Fenty Kusumastuti, S.S., M.Hum thank you for your help and assistance during completing my thesis.
6. All of my excellent and lovely lectures in English Department for
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supports and joyful experience you give to me . Nafi, thanks for all the
worthy things given to me. Lia, thank you for being “reminder” to me
and I won‟t forget our valuable moment. Thanks also to Theo, Si Jek,
Jusmar, Qodir, Ayu Rhema, Liberty, Ornela, Ipung, Jojo, Can-can and
all my beloved ED‟08 friends.
Finally, thank you so much for those who I cannot mention the names. I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. For now it is the best thing I can do. Supportive criticism, recommendation and suggestion are whole-heartedly accepted. Hopefully, this research can be beneficial for English Department students and other people as well.
Surakarta, December 2014 The researcher
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LIST OF CONTENT
Page
THESIS APPROVAL……….ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS..………...……….iii
DEDICATION ………...iv
MOTTO ………...v
PRONOUNCEMENT ………vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………...vii
LIST OF CONTENT ……….ix
LIST OF DIAGRAMS………..……….xii
LIST OF TABLES ……….………..xiii
ABSTRACT ……….xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. Research Background ……….1
2. Problem Statements ………..………..4
3. Objectives of the Study ………..……….4 1. Definition of Translation ………8
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3. Translation Process ………...11
4. Translation Problems………...13
5. Comparative Analysis………....14
6. Definition of Modality..………...15
7. Type of English Modal Auxiliary Verbs.. ………....17
8. English Modal Auxiliary Verbs ……….………...17
9. The Characteristic of English Modality ………….………...23
10. Indonesian Modality ……….………....24
11. Translation Quality Assessment ……….………..34
12.Translation Techniques .…...……….………36
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. Research Method ………..43
2. Data Source ………...44
3. Sample and Sampling Technique ………..47
4. Method of Data Collection ………47
5. Research Procedure ………...48
6. Technique of Data Analysis ………..50
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Research Findings……...………...52
1. Translation Techniques..………...53
1. Literal translation..………..53
2. Reduction………59
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4. Established Equivalence……….71
5. Amplification………..78
6. Transposition………...84
2. Translation Quality………...90
1. Accuracy……….91 b. Less acceptable ………..108
B. Discussion…....………...………...113
1. Translation techniques used by translators…………..…….…...……..113
2. The effect of translation technique in accuracy and acceptability…….115
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Conclusion…….………..122
B. Recommendations……...……….124
1. Students of English Department………124
2. Translators……….124
3. Other researchers………...125
4. Lecturers………125 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 2.1 Diagram of translation process………..…….…………12
Diagram 2.2 Diagram of can meaning……...………...…..29
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Table of Keinginanmeaning……….……….25
Table 2.2 Table of translation quality significance………....34
Table 3.3 Table of instrument of translation quality assessment of accuracy
aspect ……….45
Table 3.4 Table of instrument of translation quality assessment of
acceptability aspect………46
Table 4.4 Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by literal technique….59
Table 4.5 Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by reduction
technique………65
Table 4.6 Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by modulation
technique………71
Table 4.7 Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by established
equivalence technique ………...78
Table 4.8 Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by amplification
technique………84
Table 4.9 Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by transposition
technique………89
Table 4.10 Table of comparison in accuracy aspect………..104
Table 4.11 Table of comparison in acceptability aspect………112
Table 4.12 Table of comparison of the accuracy as the effect of translation
technique………..116
Table 4.13 Table of comparison of the acceptability as the effect of translation
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ABSTRACT
Danang Fitrianto. A Comparative Analysis of the Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Translation in the Novel The Old Man and the Sea. Thesis: English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
The purpose of this research is to analyze two translation versions of modal
auxiliary verbs in the novel The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway
into Indonesian. The research is comparative study since it involves two translation novels in Indonesian version converted by two different translators; Yuni Kristianingsih Pramudhaningrat and Dian Vita Ellyati. The objectives of this research are to find out the translation technique used by both translators and the effect of translation technique on translation quality in term of accuracy and acceptability.
The research is a descriptive-qualitative. The data of this research are modal
auxiliary verbs in the novel The Old Man and the Sea and two Indonesian
translated versions. The informants or raters are also involved. The methods of data collection are content analysis and interview. The content analysis method is applied to obtain translation technique. The interview method is intended to gain more information related to translation quality.
The result of this research reveals that both translators use six translation techniques; 1) literal, 2) reduction, 3) modulation, 4) established equivalent, 5) amplification, 6) transposition. From the translation quality assessment of modal auxiliary verbs, both translators create acceptable translation. Meanwhile in accuracy aspect Dian Vita Ellyati generates more accurate translation in translating modal auxiliary verbs than Yuni Kristianingsih Pramudhaningrat. In conclusion, Yuni Kristianingsih Pramudhaningrat and Dian Vita Ellyati generate accurate and acceptable translation in rendering modal auxiliary verb. Literal and established equivalent technique contributes to construct more accurate translation. Each of them creates 100% accurate translation from Yuni and 97,92% from Dian . However, reduction technique generates 56% inaccurate translation from Yuni and 84,21% from Dian. So for other translators, they should not delete modal auxiliary meaning, generate too many changes and make unnecessary addition.
