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PEMANFAATAN ZEOLIT DAN KITOSAN DALAM MENGURANGI
EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR
ABSTRAK
Salah satu sumber emisi karbon di Indonesia adalah pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dari sepeda motor. Akibat peningkatan jumlah sepeda motor yang semakin tinggi, maka semakin berpotensi meningkatkan konsentrasi karbon di atmosfir. Pada dasarnya emisi karbon dapat diminimalisasi dengan menyerap zat-zat emisi menggunakan adsorben dari bahan potensial seperti zeolit dan kitosan. Mengingat informasi bahwa pemanfaatan zeolit dan kitosan untuk penurunan emisi belum banyak dikaji, maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan zeolit dan kitosan dengan alat catalytic converter pada sepeda motor dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan zeolit dan kitosan terhadap pengurangan emisi karbon sepeda motor serta menganalisa efisiensi ekonomi pemanfaatan tersebut.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Bandung dari bulan November 2012 sampai Januari 2013. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap satu faktor dengan lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut berdasarkan perbedaan nisbah massa zeolit dan kitosan, yaitu P1 (80:20), P2 (70:30), P3 (60:40), P4 (50:50), dan P5 (40:60). Uji emisi gas buang dilakukan dengan menggunakan technotester. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan pemanfaatan zeolit dan kitosan secara ekonomi dilakukan analisis Benefit Cost Analysis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zeolit dan kitosan berpengaruh nyata (Fhitung>Ftabel) dalam menurunkan emisi gas buang sepeda motor. Persen penyisihan CO2 tertinggi sebesar 68,235% dihasilkan oleh P1, persen penyisihan tertinggi CO dan HC berturut-turut sebesar 71,688% dan 72,756 % dihasilkan oleh P3, pemanfaatan zeolit dan kitosan layak secara ekonomi dengan Benefit Cost Rasio sebesar 1,01.
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UTILIZATION OF ZEOLITE AND CHITOSAN IN REDUCING
MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST EMISSIONS
ABSTRACT
One of the sources of carbon emission in Indonesia is the burning of fosil fuels from motorcycle. The increasing of motorcycles number then improves more potential of carbon concentration in the atmosphere. Basically, carbon emission could be minimized by adsorbing emission substances with adsorbent made from potential substances such as Zeolite and Chitosan. Due to lack of informations about the utilization of Zeolite and Chitosan for reducing emission, the research about the utilization of Zeolite and Chitosan using catalytic converter in motorcycle with the aim to identify the effect of Zeolite and Chitosan utilization to reduce carbon emission in motorcycle as well as to analyze economic efficiency of the utilization was conducted.
This research was conducted in Bandung from November 2012 to January 2013. The research method is completely randomized experimental design with one factor of five treatments and five repeats. The treatment based on differential ratio of Zeolite and Chitosan mass combination, that are P1 (80:20), P2 (70:30), P3 (60:40), P4 (50:50) and P5 (40:60). Exhaust emission test was carried by using technotester. The Benefit Cost Analysis method was used for analyzing the feasibility of Zeolite and Chitosan utilization in economical aspect.
The results showed that Chitosan and Zeolite was significant (Fstat > Ftab) to reduce motorcycle exhaust emissions produced by motorcycles. The highest percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) riddance was 68,235% in P1; and than the highest percentage of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC ) ridance were 71,688% in P3 and 72,756% in P3. The Utilization of zeolite and chitosan was economically feasible with Benefit Cost Ratio 1,01.
