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Welcoming Remarks_______________________________________
The 2017 ASEAN SYMPOSIUM OF SOCIOLOGY with the main theme of SOCIOLOGY FOR WHOM? Theory Building and Social Policy Making in Southeast Asia is the first international symposium of sociology organized and hosted by the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is an honor to be able to welcome all the distinguished guests and participants both from our Southeast Asian neighbors and The East Asian countries together with our fellow Indonesian academics and students.
The main theme of this academic symposium will comprise of three sub-themes: Theory Building, Policy Sociology, and Public Sociology. It is clear that this academic symposium main objective is to be able to theorize in order to contribute both for policy and public sociology; to make Sociology more relevant and more able to contribute towards academic work, policy making, and public activism. Hopefully this academic symposium will be the first step of a series of symposia and discussions for a more relevant and significant Sociology in Indonesia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia in the long term.
On behalf of The Department of Sociology, Universitas Indonesia, I would like to gratefully acknowledge the active participation and contribution of all our distinguished academic participants both from Southeast Asia and East Asia and our fellow Indonesians. Appreciation is especially given to the key speakers, Prof. Syed Farid Alatas, Ph.D. from National University of Singapore and Prof. Dr. Paulus Wirutomo from Universitas Indonesia.
I would also extend my gratitude to Prof Kamanto Sunarto, Ph.D., Prof. Dr Robert M.Z. Lawang, Prof. Iwan Gardono Sudjatmiko, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. der Soz. Rochman Achwan, Prof. Dr. der Soz. Gumilar Rusliwa Somantri, Prof. Dr. Sudarsono Hardjosukarto, and Prof. Dr. Dody Prayogo, for their full support in initiating and active contribution in making this academic symposium possible.
These two day international symposium which consists of one full day symposium open to the public and one half day round table discussion for invited guests would not be possible without the kind contribution and voluntary support of both the Steering Committee and the Organizing Committee organized by Dr. Rosa Diniari, Lugina Satyawati Setiono, Ph.D., Dr. Ida Ruwaida Noor, Daisy Indira Yasmine, M.Sc, Dr. Indera Ratna Irawati Pattinasarany, Raphaella Dwianto, Ph.D., and Heidy Angelica and all our lecturers and students; to all of you, my gratitude.
Hopefully this first international academic symposium will be a successful learning process and exchange of ideas between fellow sociologists in ASEAN and East Asia.
Selamat datang di Jakarta! Welcome! Jakarta, 2 March 2017
Francisia Seda, Ph.D.
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Background_____________________________________________
Sociology as a modern discipline have developed only recently since the 19th
century with thick European and North American societal, philosophical, and historical
change. After the end of World War II, sociology came to Southeast Asia through, both local
and foreign, scholars educated in the western hemisphere and through states' endorsement
for positivistic development studies. Such background calls for questions concerning the
nature of sociology's universalistic nature and its course within the indigenous categories.
Moreover, some dominant sociological analyses are limited their concerns to concept
formation and theory construction which are solely useful for a limited sociological and
academic community. It is sociology for sociologists. On the other hand, these sociological
activities ignore the local community as their subject and they can actually provide policy
recommendations to improve their social well being. It is sociology for society as discussed
in Lee’s “Sociology for Whom” (1976) and Burawoy’s “For Public Sociology” (2005).
1In other
words, sociology is reduced to benefit sociologists while ignoring society-community as their
subjects of study.
There are two fundamental issues in Southeast Asian sociology: first, to construct
local theories to advance sociology; and second, to provide local policies to improve society.
The first issue is a challenge to local sociologists to increase their contribution to local
theory building that can enrich a more general sociological theories as shown in King’s
“underdevelopment of Southeast Asian Sociology” (2008).
2Presently, local sociologists in
Southeast Asia are demanded to fulfill this challenge. On the second issue, the local
sociologist are actually involved in social policy development and public advocacy or
sociology for society. However, their policy analyses and recommendations on corruption,
poverty, and social exclusion are not well disseminated in sociological forum and journals. It
is a need to disseminate their works in order to give feedback to a wider academic sociology
and to contribute to a more general sociological theory.
These two issues are immanently relevant notably when the 2016 ISA Forum has
inscribed “The Futures We Want: Global Sociology and Struggles for a Better World” as its
heading. Global sociology could only reign from the rich contributions of various sociological
studies around the globe, including Southeast Asian sociology-may that be in discourses,
grounded theories or empirical researches. On the other hand, Southeast Asian sociologists
seem to face a challenge as they are highly engaged in activism and academic practices but
hardly making impact in theoretical discourse.
1
See Alfred McClung Lee. “Presidential Address: Sociology for Whom.” American Sociological Review 1976, Vol. 41 (December): 925-936 and Michael Burawoy. “2004 Presidential Address. For Public Sociology.” American Sociological Review, 2005, Vol. 70 (Fberuary: 4-28).
2
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Objectives
We encourage ASEAN sociologists to discuss the questions within three general themes in
this symposium: 1) public sociology, 2) policy sociology, and 3)sociology in the professional
field.
The symposium will invigorate such subjects through inquiries such as, but not limited to:
1.
How Southeast Asian sociologist could play roles in Southeast Asian societies? (How
Southeast Asian sociologists could contribute to sociological theory building?)
2.
How to view or approach "Southeast Asian sociology"? How to set the influence of
indigenous categories in sociological discourses?
3.
How sociology and sociologists could influence and direct Social Policies in Southeast
Asian societies?
4.
How interconnection and collective work of sociologist could develop the discourse?
5.
How can sociologist share and learn best practices in theory building and policy
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Schedules_____________________________________________
Date Time Activity
March 2nd
08.00 - 09.00
Registration at AJS Hall
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
09.00 - 09.15
Welcoming Speech Arie Setiabudhi Soesilo
Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Universitas Indonesia
09.15 - 10.30
Keynote Speech:
Syed Farid Alatas (National University of Singapore) Paulus Wirutomo (Universitas Indonesia)
10.30 – 10.45 Coffee Break
Theme 1 Theory Building
Theme 2 Policy Sociology
Theme 3 Public Sociology
10.45 – 12.00 Panel 1.1 Panel 2.1 Panel 3.1
12.00 – 13.30 Lunch
13.30 – 14.45 Panel 1.2 Panel 2.2 Panel 3.2
14.45 – 15.00 Coffee Break
15.00 - 16.15 Panel 1.3 Panel 2.3 Panel 3.3
16.15 – 17.15 Panel 1.4 Panel 2.3 -
17.30 – 18.30
Closing Plenary:
Shujiro Yazawa (Hitotsubashi University and Seijo University) Hyun Chin Lim (Seoul National University)
Kamanto Sunarto (universitas Indonesia)
19.00 – 21.00 Gala Dinner at AJS Hall Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
March
3rd 8.30 – 9.00 Coffee Break
9.00 – 12.30
Round Table Discussion (closed invitation)
6 Nanay Gulay: Food Scavenging and
Motherhood in the Face of Urban Poverty.
Bitalac, Joshua Philip D.
Religious Orientation and Values in Family Food Consumption Patterns: A Study on Consumerism in the city of Denpasar, Bali.
Setyawati, Lugina, Francisia SSE Seda, Timoti Tirta, Pebriansyah.
Multicultiralism Is Not Just At Societal Level But Also At Individual Level. Wongkaren, Turro S.
The Phenomenology Of Southeast Asia: Integration of Local Knowledge With Modern Science.
Halim, Harifuddin, Syamsu Kamaruddin, Rasyidah Zainuddin, Totok Chinese Church In Indonesia. Angelica, Heidy
Women’s Agency and Economic Life Changes of Fishermen: Community in the Thousand Islands.
Rosyidah, Ida
Kekeluargaan As a Foundation of Indonesian Business Norm.
Hermawan, Marko
Vanished History: Recovering Pre-Colonial Transnational History in the Philippines.
Rosario, Teresita Cruz-del
Similarities and Differences among Asian-Pacific Sociologists in the Attitued toward international Standards of Sociological Work: From a Questionnaire for the Participants in 2014 ISA World Congress of Sociology. Kanai, Masayuki
(TBA)
7
Public Policy and the Family
Room: Auditorium Komunikasi Finding the Significance of Social Policy
in Rural Development. Puspitasari, Dewi Cahyani
BASECO (P)Rice Crisis: Political Ecology Of Rice Price Conditions And Its Implications To Food Security Of Older Adults In An Informal Settlement Of Manila.
Cahoy, Neem
The Impact of Special Economic Zone Policy to the Use of Public Land and Livelihood of Villagers in “Klong Yai” District, Thailand.
Chotiwan, Phurinat
The Changing Nature of Child Marriage:
Sociological Reflection in West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and Sukabumi, West Java.
Ruwaida, Ida.
Family Consumption Behavior and Under-five Stunting Children in DKI Jakarta.
Harsanti, Titik
The Impact of Household Roles on the Practice of Food Security Strategy Among Older Adults in Baseco Compound, Manila.
Gregorio, Aron Joshua P.
The Social Development of Archival Field: Enhancing the Role of Sociological Perspective in the Development of Archival Field in Indonesia.
Bawono, Harry
Constitutional Amendment and Class Representation: The Case of Post-Suharto Indonesia.
Sujatmiko, Iwan Gardono, Ganda Upaya, Adrianus Jebatu, Khairullah
Contradiction between State Policy and Traditional/Belief System (in ‘Phi Gluea’) as Natural Resource Managing Mechanism of Community. Khunthong, Kitima
Power Competition And Internal Secularization:
A Sociological Study On The Internal Conflicts Of The Hkbp Church (1992-1998).
Hutapea, May Sandy P.
Safeguarding Our Common Home: A Sociological Study on Antimining Ecopastoral Movements in Flores, Indonesia.
Marianta, Yohanes I Wayan
8 Panels on Public Sociology
Panel 3. 1 Theoretical
Room: MBRC Discussion Room Chair: Rosa Diniari
Panel 3.2 Sociology of Work
Room: MBRC Discussion Room Chair: Rosa Diniari
Panel 3.3 Urban Sociology
Room: MBRC Discussion Room Chair: Paulus Wirutomo Rethinking Jurgen Habermas Public Sociology:
A Communication-Action Theory Setiawan, Agus Hendro
Migration As Self Resistance: An Analyze On Indonesian Domestic Migrant Worker At Hong Kong
Kiranantika, Anggaunita
Public Sociology within the State of Anarchy in Indonesia
Elcid, Dominggus
Borderless Nation in Borderless Society Adnan, Ricardi S
Bulungan, Linisan at Bentahan: Exploring Women's Participation in the Fishing System of an Urban Coastal Area.
Bague, Anna Beatrice
Family Social Capital Development for The Protection of Children.
Fatimaningsih, Endry
New Institutionalism in Economic Sociology of Bogor Craft Creative Industry.
Fazriah
Post Disaster Recovery: Research on Community Social Capital
Post-Earthquake in Bantul. Suharman
Violence Sub Culture among the Marginal Youth.
Yasmine, Daisy Indira
Multicultural Behavior among Primary School Students in Jakarta.
Suleeman, Evelyn
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Abstracts – Presentation Papers ______________________________
Borderless Nation in Borderless Society Adnan, Ricardi S
adnanricardi@gmail.com
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
The new era in modern society that endorsed globalization started from the fall of Berlin (1989) wall and dissolution of Soviet Union (1991). These two cases of communism collapsed was dispersed to other countries have given more appreciation for capitalism states’ model. Euphoria of liberation followed by the highly impact issues of democratization, human rights, and gender all over the world.
However, capitalism model was changing amazingly at the end of 20th century. Industrialization, investment and information technology and individual consumption have been passing the countries’ border. Those terminologies meant that capital, technology and also people are easy to move from one location to others and for many cases weaken the citizenship regarding the state. The new term is rising: global citizenship. For a certain people, nationality is less important than capital they have or the higher appreciation for their status as well.
At the same time, globalization is countered by the issue of localization particularly in ethnocentrism, puritanism, and chauvimism. Latent conflicts have become open clashed from many groups in one nation. Reactionaries and terrorism appear in any places. More over battle and war have pushed many societies to be refugees in other countries.
The global phenomenon today is the loose of nations to keep their people to adhere their countries as past before. It is not difficult for persons to preserve their believes and interest rather than to keep a great nation.
Hybrid Identity Reconstruction Of Totok Chinese Church In Indonesia Angelica, Heidy
heidy.angelica94@gmail.com Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Previous studies about Chinese in Indonesia mostly focus on “Chinese Problem” which sees “chineseness” as a problem of integrity towards nation-state of Indonesia. Those studies are not critically sees chineseness became problematic in Indonesia because colonial discourse that put Chinese as the others of Indonesia.
Globalization and reformation era in Indonesia gives new direction and construction of contemporary Chinese identity. Chineseness is no more seen as “otherness” that has to be assimilated to majority, but it is seen as cultural diversity that deserves an appreciation. Globalization also builds global identity that transcends the ‘nation-state’ boundaries. Both government and civil society take role as agent of reconstruction Chinese identity. One important civil society that tends to be neglected in social studies is Chinese church. Rapid growth of Chinese ‘mega-church’ especially totok Chinese church, that actively contribute in ‘Chinese identity revival’, definitely need an attention. This phenomenon is also relevant to be discussed in a bigger context of Southeast Asia because of the strong Chinese church network in Southeast Asia.
10 and ‘colonized’ that couldn’t completely explained by the theory. Therefore, there is a demand for theoretical/conceptual building about identities in the context of Southeast Asia.
Keywords: Ethnicity, hybrid identity, identity, identity representation, Chinese Indonesians, Chinese church
Jihad as 'passionate politics': theorizing islamist movements in Indonesia Azca, Najib
najibazca@ugm.ac.id
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Indonesia has witnessed the rise of collective violence during its early stages of democratic transition period. Among them was the religious communal violence that took place in eastern Indonesia, namely in Maluku and Poso, Central Sulawesi. One of the remarkable features of the conflict was the involvement of several thousands of non-local Muslim activists in the so-called ‘holy war’ (jihad). Many studies on non-local Muslim activists who participated in the conflict have dedicated their main attentions to mobilization process. This paper, in contrast, focuses on demobilization processes by studying their life trajectories in the post-jihad period. In this paper I will discuss the life story narratives of former non-local Muslim fighters (post-jihadists) who involved in local socio-political dynamics in the aftermath of their jihad participation. Instead of approaching the narratives through the hegemonic theoretical perspective of resource mobilization and political process, I chose to take a different pathway: in attempt to theorizing radical Islamist movements in Indonesia I view jihad as “passionate politics”, a new stream of social movement theory that focus on the link between identities, narratives and emotions. Combining social movement theory and life history approach, I examine the dynamics of identity, emotions and social networks of the former jihad activists in the post-jihad period as reflected in their life story narratives.
Bulungan, Linisan at Bentahan: Exploring Women's Participation in the Fishing System of an Urban Coastal Area
Bague, Anna Beatrice baguebeatrice@gmail.com
University of Santo Tomas, Philippine.
11 The Social Development of Archival Field: Enhancing the Role of Sociological Perspective in the Development of Archival Field in Indonesia
Bawono, Harry feuerbaw@gmail.com
Center for Research and Archival System Development, National Archive of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia.
The influence of sociology in archival science is enormous. It is could be tracked from the popular concept that adopt in the archival field, collective memory. However, the collective memory merely understood as an accumulation of valuable historical archive that stored. One of the causes of this problem is the domination of the technical administrative discourse. Consequently, the archival field in Indonesia cannot be optimally maneuvered and develop, due archival narrowed solely as a sort of technical work and correspondence, revamping the documents and so on. That is one of the reasons that the archival field in Indonesia becomes stagnant, monotonous, and marginalized. Though many studies has revealed that the archival field is not only a "technical administrative" matter but also a social, political and cultural action of selecting for something to be remembered or forgotten. By this reason, the needs of a comprehensive approach to develop the archival field in Indonesia are crucial. As mentioned before, the sociological perspective has been used in the archival field, but it is poorly elaborated. So, it is needed to enhance the sociological perspective in the development of archival field in Indonesia through implementing the social development into archival field.
The research in this paper conducted using qualitative methods through literature review and observation. This paper argues that the sustainability of the archival field in Indonesia strongly related to how far the social development run in the Indonesia archival field and it is only possible when the sociological perspective enhanced.
Keywords: Archival field, Technical administrative, Social development, Sociological perspective
Nanay Gulay: Food Scavenging and Motherhood in the Face of Urban Poverty Bitalac, Joshua Philip D.
jpdbitalac@gmail.com
University of Santo Tomas, Philippine.
Population aging worldwide and global threats to food security particularly places the older adults from developing countries such as the Philippines to a vulnerable position. Because old-age support ratios are declining, the older adults are instigated to maintain a livelihood. In the case of an urban poor area like BASECO compound where prevailing problems concerning income and employment limit accessibility to commoditized food, older adult mothers cope by turning to food scavenging as a form of livelihood. This study explores the intersection of food scavenging and motherhood through a grounded theory approach to describe how the mothers make sense of their lives as food scavenging individuals in an urban poor area. This study utilized the use of field note taking, key informant interviews and participant observation.
12 the mothers are commonly subjugated by social and structural disadvantages for being poor female migrants to an urban poor area. Seeing how the risks of food scavenging are further exacerbated by old age, it is left to function as a temporary form of economic support while they find other opportunities with lesser risks. The mothers also hope to be supported by their children someday in return for their efforts of motherhood. In response to their destitution, the mothers persevere through their resolute faith, strong adherence to moral values, and attachment to familial bonds. Using grounded theory to scrutinize the social reality of older adult mothers as scavengers in an urban poor area, is an essential contribution to providing insights for the proper efforts needed in addressing their issues and to prevent an impending cycle of poverty.
Keywords: Food Scavenging, Motherhood, BASECO Compound, Grounded Theory
BASECO (P)RICE CRISIS: Political Ecology Of Rice Price Conditions And Its Implications To Food Security Of Older Adults In An Informal Settlement Of Manila
Cahoy, Neem
neemdcahoy@gmail.com
University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippine.
The sudden increase of rice prices has reportedly pushed more people into poverty and food insecurity in the Philippines (Mapa, Castillo and Francisco 2015; National Economic Development Authority 2014; Reyes et al. 2010). The challenge for urban poor households to attain rice in a period of price volatility has lead to exclusion of members who hold less endowments and entitlements in the household, such as the older adults, from accessing food. This study describes the political ecology of rice prices in an informal settlement and its implications to food security among older adults in the community. This would look into food security through one specific food: rice. Baseco Compound, an informal settlement, is the locality of the study. It specifically aims to (1) know how policies on rice affect the volatility of rice prices (2) determine how the environment in Baseco conditions high rice prices for locals (3) investigate how rice prices affect purchasing power among older adults. The study used content analysis and informant interviews to gather data. There were three types of informants: the people manning food sources in Baseco (70), the old adults (5), and the policy practitioners (10). Through the Political Ecologic perspective, this study argues that the policies and the environment in the informal settlement of Baseco entail rice prices to structure inequality of access to food among older adults in the community.
The Impact of Special Economic Zone Policy to the Use of Public Land and Livelihood of Villagers in “Klong Yai” District, Thailand.
Chotiwan, Phurinat phurinath.c@gmail.com
Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Thailand
13 regime SEZ policy was brought back to implement again. Around 1 month after the coup, NCPO issued the notification on appointment of working group members on SEZ policy and then issued the official announcement entitled Land acquisition for SEZs development by using the autocratic power through section 44 to retracted the status of land from national preserved forest, permanent forest and public land to be subject to the Treasury Department and then the state plan to issue the title deed on those lands and lease for private sectors under the SEZ projects at least 99 years. In “Klong Yai” district, around 800 hectares public lands were changed to belong to Treasury Department. Even though the status of those lands were public but the villagers have been using them for livelihood. This paper aims to explore the impact of SEZ Policy to the use of Public land and livelihood of villagers in “Klong Yai” district and explore the voices from villagers to suggest the good governance on land policy.
Family Social Capital Development: For The Protection Of Children Endry Fatimaningsih1), Paulus Wirutomo2), Rosa Diniari3)
123)
Departement of Sociology, University of Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia. endryfatimaningsih@yahoo.com
The family got a major task in child protection. In order to child protection, family social capital is needed. To grow into a quality resource, the child not only needs economic capital and the human capital of the parents, but children also need social capital of the family. This literature study intends to conduct analyzes of family social capital development mechanisms for child protection. The results show, first, through an intimate relationship, intensive, and reciprocity between family members, family social capital is produced and distributed. Second, through intimate relationship, intensive, and reciprocal, three-dimensional family social capital, namely: norms, beliefs, and social networks in families can be improved, so that in the family woke up a system of morality, trustworthiness system, and inclusive relationship system. Third, a strong family social capital is characterized bythe ‘good’ practice and habit in the family can be social good stock for children. Its can be: information, connections, support, help, solidarity, orderly atmosphere, full of trust, and morality. Various social good stock that can be useful for the development of cognitive, emotional, and behavior, which reinforces the child's identity, it can even be a identity capital for the child. Keywords: family, family social capital, protection of children.
New Institutionalism in Economic Sociology of Bogor Craft Creative Industry Fazriah
ziah.bgt@gmail.com
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
This research presents the institutional relation as an effort to strengthen the competitiveness of craft creative industry in Bogor City using Victor Nee’s concept: New Institutionalism in Economic Sociology (NIES). By using the concept of NIES (2003, 2005), craft industry is viewed through three levels of institutional (macro, meso and micro). In macro level is represented by the government as an institutional environment, in meso level is represented by the organization as a governance structure, and in micro level is represented by creatives community/individual as an informal structure which interacted by connected formal and informal elements and form an institutional framework to influence the actions of the actors and the direction of development of craft industry.
14 mechanism of the respective system thus strengthening the competitiveness of the craft industry. Problematic situation in craft industry is viewed using intellectual instrument called human activity systems (HAS) and transformed into root definitions which is a structured description of a HAS that relevant with the problematical situation and then create conceptual models for research interest and/or as a problem solving interest.
There are three conceptual models for macro level, meso level and micro level as problem solving interest of Bogor craft creative industry. Intellectual instrument such as conceptual models used for comparison stage and formulate recommendation for research result that is at the five and six stage in using soft systems methodology (SSM). Refer to norms of soft systems methodology, comparison and debating process to research interest involve SSM practitioner, academic advisor and academic reviewers. While for problem solving interest involve stakeholders at three level institutions of Bogor craft creative industry and SSM practitioner.
The Impact of Household Roles on the Practice of Food Security Strategy Among Older Adults in Baseco Compound, Manila
Gregorio, Aron Joshua P. aronj7501@gmail.com
University of Santo Tomas, Philippine.
This paper examines the roles of older adults in the households of Baseco Compound, Manila. It looks into the excessive obligation or role strain experienced by older adults in order to cope with food insecurity. More specifically it aims to understand the following: a) the shifting of household roles and pattern; b) the identification of the negotiated roles given and assumed by the elderly; and finally c) the impact of gender in the negotiation of role of the older adults in their household. This paper used a semi-structured questionnaire which was utilized through an in-depth interview. 100 older adults with age 55 and above participated through the course of the study. The study shows that older adults in Baseco, despite their age have excessive roles in order to help the household. The roles “economic provider” and “caregiver” are tasks often assumed and/or given to the older adults in order to address the emotional, physical and financial needs of the household. However, the study found out that there are cases wherein the older adults does not have any role primarily because of sickness and old age.
The Phenomenology Of Southeast Asia: Integration of Local Knowledge With Modern Science Halim, Harifuddin, Syamsu Kamaruddin, Rasyidah Zainuddin, Abdul Malik Iskandar
athena_lord73@yahoo.com
Universitas Bosowa Makassar; UPRI Makassar, Indonesia.
One of the unique socio-cultural in Southeast Asia today is the existence of supra-rational dimension in their science. This is caused by the cosmo-phenomenological view embraced by the people of Southeast Asia that puts God as the ultimate reality above man and Nature. The cosmo-phenomenological views of Southeast Asia implies a form of knowledge of the spirits that inhabit natural objects (animism) and their supernatural powers in certain objects (dynamism). The supra rational knowledge is shown in a variety of rituals in Southeast Asian societies. Through this knowledge, the people of Southeast Asia puts the natural environment as an important part of their life that must be guarded and respected, mutual harmony and balance.
15 In agrarian societies, for example, knowledge of modern agriculture does not necessarily make farmers abandon their local knowledge. Similarly, the fishing community has a modern knowledge about fishing, is not leave their local knowledge about fishing.
The dominance of negative implications posed by modern science such as environmental degradation, dehumanization, demoralization make 'local knowledge' that contain 'supra-rational' be an option for reconsideration accompanied role of modern science. In this context, local knowledge can appear in the form of modern science. For example, local knowledge about the ban on cutting trees to avoid the 'plague' of forest guards (supra-rational) can be integrated with modern science about environmental disasters on people when clearing forests (rational-empirical).
The same thing happens in modern fishing that destroy coral reefs. To minimize the damage, then it can use the local beliefs about anger of sea ‘Genie’ will take revenge on their families. This supra rational dimension can appear more dominant than the rational-empirical aspects, although the purpose is in the same direction.
In that context, this paper is intended to find patterns of integration of Southeast Asia local knowledge based on suprarational with modern science.
Keywords: local knowledge, supra rational dimension, modern science, rational-empiric, cosmo-phenomenology.
Kekeluargaan As A Foundation Of Indonesian Business Norm Hermawan, Marko
marko@binus.edu
Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia.
The paper seeks to initiate one terminology that represent the holistic Javanese norm that has not been fully developed by other references; kekeluargaan. The term is commonly used and understood by Indonesian society, but is underdetermined by Western literature. The subsequent question thus arises as to how important kekeluargaan is to an Indonesian. It is a constructed relationship based on filial piety and harmony, wrapped in such a way that each Indonesian is connected to the others. Nonetheless, the term kekeluargaan extend such term, especially when touching into business society. Thus, this study attempts to scrutinise the definition of kekeluargaan norm and whether it has a unique sense for the Indonesian. This research also employs indigenous perspective as a methodology in order to explore different point of view as opposed to Western ones.
Power Competition And Internal Secularization:
A Sociological Study On The Internal Conflicts Of The Hkbp Church (1992-1998) Hutapea, May Sandy P.
grafirat_nathaniel@yahoo.co.id Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
16 The research discovers that the internal conflict was triggered by some factors. First, the concept of religious authority (sahala ni huria) that resonates closely with the Batak magical concept. Second, the church’s legislations tend to support free competition, make the church more secular, and create friction among groups. Third, conflicts of power sparked by a multiple of factors, namely autocratic leadership style, false reconciliation of previous conflicts, external intervention and personal ambitions on resources. The study finds out that internal secularization causes conflict, and conflicts in turn lead to a more internal secularization.
The research suggests the need for corrections on the interpretation of religious authority to avoid its resonance with the Batak magical concept. The HKBP community also needs to address the lack of compliance with the rules and regulations of its bureaucratic organization. Finally, the research sees a demand for reform pertaining to recruitment, regeneration of leader, succession mechanism, and sanction for violations.
Keywords: Religious Authority Structure, Agency Structure, Internal secularization, conflict
Family Consumption Behavior and Under-five Stunting Children in DKI Jakarta Harsanti, Titik
titik@stis.ac.id
Universtas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Stunting is a chronic condition reflecting poor nutrition and health under-five children, more common in developing countries. Until now, Indonesia still faces with stunting and malnutrition problem. Despite numerous Government efforts to tackle the problem of child under-nutrition in Indonesia, the levels of child under-nutrition remain high with stunting estimated 37,2% Based on data from Basic Health Research 2013. Indonesian Health Ministry's target to reduce such cases to 32% in 2015 was a difficult thing to achieve and stunting becomes one of the next issues of the SDGs targets.
Most studies indicate that the cause of stunting was low socioeconomic status and focus on poverty as determinant factor of stunting because of very limited access to food and environmental conditions inadequate as a source of spreading of various diseases. In Jakarta as urban city, the phenomenon of stunting is not only the problems that occur on poor families but stunting also occurs in infants who are in not poor families.
Many study shows that mother play important role to their children in the family. Infants who were treated by the non-biological mother significantly increase the chances of becoming stunting. Maternal mortality has a strong influence on the mortality rate of children under the age of 2 years. Infants and children, whose mother died has mortality risk of 11 to 13 times compared with that his mother was still alive. So, the mother of the children is the main person taking care of them. Structure, culture and process of mother in the family will impact on under-5 stunting children through consumption behavior of the mother in the family.
In the current era of globalization, products less nutritious food so much offered to the public through various media such as the internet and the availability of supermarkets. This market provides a wide selection of instant food that is attractive and easy to obtain. Besides delicatessen provided in urban areas can be mother consumption for their toddler, but not necessarily meet the nutritional qualities required. This should be a concern of government in tackling the phenomenon of stunting in urban areas.
17 Contradiction between State Policy and Traditional/Belief System (in ‘Phi Gluea’) as Natural Resource Managing Mechanism of Community.
Khunthong, Kitima
lovekitima112233@gmail.com
Sakonnakhon Rajabhat University, Thailand.
This paper aims to study the natural resource managing mechanism of salt producers in upper Northeastern region in Thailand. To understand the status and its retention of “Phi Gluea” as local wisdom under the context of changing of mode of production into the intensive commercialization. The study found that “Phi Gluea” belief system is a product from cultural thought structure in order to controlling and limiting the use of Natural Resources and its preserve mechanism to equally access for all in community. However in the past 30 years, the salt became the necessary “commodity” and “raw material” for chemical industry. State claims the legitimacy of controlling and managing the resource through issuing the mineral statue and other related laws. Those state policy in centralizing the management of natural resources causes to the negative impact to ecosystem and relationship between natural resource users. Under the situation, local people adapted their former cultural construct on natural resource management by created the new concept of animism such as ‘Phi Raeng-ngan’ (labor ghost spirits), ‘Phi PhayaNak’ (the Naga), ‘Mae Kong Kha’ (the Goddess Ganga) and ‘Phi Chao Thi’ (guardian spirits of the land). On the other hand, they also use the idea of “Right to access” to common property for their negotiation with both the state and with people who sharing common property.
Keywords: Guardian spirits belief, Salt, Natural resource managing mechanism, Local wisdom, State policy, Commoditization, Right regime
Migration As Self Resistance: An Analyze On Indonesian Domestic Migrant Worker in Hongkong Kiranantika, Anggaunita
Anggaunita.fis@um.ac.id
Sociology Department, State University of Malang
Researcher at Gender Research and Community Service Centre, State University of Malang, Indonesia.
Woman position which is described as Indonesian domestic migrant worker have got subordination and deconstructed, either through culture or social at society. The differences of gender and sexes intended by patriarchies of the hegemony existence. Woman self resistance happened due to difference and inequality of gender in society. That phenomenon causes woman doing counter hegemony as struggling form to reconstruct woman position for justice of gender and concreted by having migration from Indonesia to Hong Kong. Research was purposed toanalyze and describesIndonesian domestic migrant worker negotiation and resistance at Hong Kong using Gramsci hegemony theory.
Using qualitative perspective, research was done by followed in-depth interview for 25 Indonesian women at Hong Kong which has been worked as domestic worker for least 4 years. Research process was based primarily on non-random sampling using snowball system.
18 constructed domestic worker at Hong Kong as potential occupation for another Indonesian with their social network.
Keywords: Migration, Self Resistence, Indonesian Women, Domestic Worker, Hong Kong
Public Sociology within the State of Anarchy in Indonesia Li, Dominggus Elcid
elcidli@yahoo.com
Institute Resource Governance & Social Change (IRGSC), Indonesia.
Facingunexplained death of poor women as part of the victim of human trafficking is part of weekly routine in one of Indonesian’s peripheral city in the Eastern part of Indonesia. Human trafficking or modern slavery is part of our reality, one of the poorest province in Indonesia.
Doing public sociology in this place means doing multiple experiments, started from public intellectual, demonstrator, organizer, right campaigner, to political activist who work on participatory democracy who challenge the oligarchic political parties. Finding the notion of public, and also to ensure that public does exist, or whether or not possible the public to reawake become a constant reflexive dialogue.
The real challenge for doing public sociology in the state of anarchy is the state’s institutions, such as police, attorney, and court are heavily influenced by market penetration. Thus, the real challenge to practice public sociology is not only dealing with communicating the message to public, but it is also about how to ensure that we are able to find the right person to work together within different state institutions and also private institutions such as media.
Keywords: public sociology, anarchy, state, human trafficking, slavery.
Rebuilding Sociology In Korea: Challenges And Reponses Lim, Hyun-Chin
Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
The present paper attempts to examine the major challenges and responses Korean sociology has faced in an era of globalization. The Korean sociology has long suffered from a lack of its own identity. This lack of identity has been inevitably resulted from the development process influenced by the Western sociological tradition. Korean sociology does not show any unique color, as a mixture of American, Japanese, German, English, and French sociological orientation. Globalization as a megatrend will bring in a contradictory pressure of both ''internatinalization" and "nationalization" on Korean sociology in the future. It is critical for Korean sociology to develop its own methodology and theories. I suggest some strategies for reorienting Korean sociology to enhance its self-identity. My recommendations are strengthening professionalism, utilizing value-premise, cooperating with history, and deepening comparative research.
Safeguarding Our Common Home: A Sociological Study on Antimining Ecopastoral Movements in Flores, Indonesia
Marianta, Yohanes I Wayan jo_wayansvd@yahoo.com
19 Religion-based enviromental movement is an understudied area of research. This research sought to fill the gap by showing that religion could inspire environmental movement. It examined the Catholic Church’s engagement in antimining movements in Flores, precisely in the Diocese of Ruteng, Ende and Larantuka. Due to its conflictual character, antimining advocacy proved to be risky and challenging. Yet, drawing on José Casanova’s deprivatization of religion theory, the research revealed that the advocacy also offered an opportunity for the Church to demonstrate its public relevance. The movements successfully put a halt to mining activities in Flores. The Church’s societal influence was recognized as a crucial factor behind this success. This factor, however, should not be overemphasized. The research highlighted that the movements succeeded because their leading actors demonstrated strategic capabilities to take advantage of political opportunities, frame the movement, and mobilize resources.
Keywords: antimining, environmental movement, ecopastoral, Catholic, deprivatization of religion.
Mining within the Process of Regional Development in Indonesia Prayogo, Dody, Yosef Hilarius, Muhammad Irvan
dodypo@yahoo.com
Department of Sociology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
The process of decentralisation has created significant implications to the practice of mining at the level of regional government and society in particular. This paper discusses the significance of adminitrative decentralisation in two fold. First the paper analyses the relation between mining and regional autonomy, which includes decentralisation of mining matter such as mining permit, fees and their implications. Second, the paper discuses the impacts of the existence and activities of mining at the regional level, which include environmental impact, artisanal mining, economic impacts on local community and as well the significance of corporate social responsibility programs. This paper is a desk study that makes use secondary data, regulations and research reports. In conclusion it can be noted that decentralisation has supported "a more democratic" athmosphere in the practice of mining for local people but "without certainty of regulation and enforcement". Decentralisation has resulted a more "sense of economic localism" to the mind set of local elites in the practice of mining.
Finding the Significance of Social Policy in Rural Development Puspitasari, Dewi Cahyani
dewi.cp1008@gmail.com
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
20 the life of poor people in villages still, according to Eko (in Suharto, 2016) face 12 (twelve) core factors of poverty in rural area; two of which are related to the absence of social insurance for living and maintaining the viability of rural society and the low level of health insurance.
The explanation above shows that in the context of rural development, the social policy has an important essence for the prosperity of villagers. The economic growth predicted to improve the quality of social prosperity in rural area in the post of the implementation of the Rural Regulation of 2014 will be meaningful if supported with the social policy in which in the long-term period, it can create prosperity for elements of rural people. This is because the objective of the social policy not merely refers to poverty eradication but also includes the living standard approach, the improvement of the access towards the proper living and social protection. As a consequence, the social policy in village is expected can stimulate the optimization of the potency of rural resources (nature, physics, human and social), strengthen the role of village institution to be able to participate in the redistribution of the economic resources and social protection that can realize the social justice for the rural community. Thus, the social policy in village can be harmonious with the objective of national development of Indonesia.
In the Making of the Subject. Towards A Sociological Theory of Social Movements for Contemporary Indonesian Society
Ratih, Lucia lucia.ratih@ui.ac.id
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Structural approach to social movements has been considered as an obsolete theory that is not anymore corresponding to comprehend social movements in contemporary society. Meanwhile, in a non-western society like Southeast Asian countries, new theory of social movements that has been defined by western sociologists as mainly cultural, which emphasize the elements of Subject, identity, cultural rights and network society, can not also fully explain the so called social movements. Even, with this approach, we could question the existence of social movements itself. Facing this dilemmas, non-western sociologists have to develop theories on their own that is suitable for explaining social movements in their society. This paper has an objective to build an alternative appropriate theory of social movements for a non-western society, especially for Southeast Asian societies such as Indonesia. Based on "sociological intervention" research on youth movements in Jakarta and Yogyakarta, I argue that the Subject as a main element of a new social movements is currently "in the making". Structural determination such as cultural, economics and political factors in such making process will at rest influence the success in one side and on the other side the failure of the birth of the Subject that will determine the future of social movements in this society.
Producing Identity through Violence: Embracing Materiality in Sociological Theorizing of Violent Action
Riyanto, Geger geger255@gmail.com
Forum Kajian Antropologi Indonesia, Indonesia.
21 Evidences from violent circumstances in Indonesia, which will be employed by this article, show that violence rather than merely the repercussion of a particular sense of selfhood is essential in the formation and accentuation of identity as well, and it stirs this social production and reproduction of identity by inducing hatred, anger, fear, angst, and other affectual experiences which forcefully compel people to align themselves under a certain social identification. Hence, along with suggesting that violence holds a certain crucial role in fostering identity, in line with Bartmanski and Alexander (2011) this article argues that it is important for us to pay attention to the dynamic between materiality and meaning in sociological theorizing.
Vanished History: Recovering Pre-Colonial Transnational History in the Philippines Rosario, Teresita Cruz-del
aritcr@nus.edu.sg
National University of Singapore, Singapore.
The paper lays down the theoretical premises of the "transnational turn" in historical studies. It critiques "nation-state" based approaches to history and provides a background to the transnational character of the Philippine nation-state, itself a curious product of the collision of various colonial forces (Spanish, British, American, and Japanese) starting in the mid-16th century that produced an artificial construct known as the “Philippine state.” The paper attempts to reframe Philippine historiography as a transnational historical subject, and reviews the attempts of a few historians (Cesar Adib Majul among the most notable) to view the Philippines within a pre-colonial framework that was indeed located within global relations and dynamics specifically with India, China, and the Arab world. The paper reviews historical materials that have survived during the pre-colonial era, presenting a varied “seascape of relationships” that span the length and breadth of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, extending all the way from the Malabar Coast in India to the Straits of Malacca. It positions the Philippine archipelago in this massive thalassological complex and provides a multi-faceted portrayal of interconnections and networks of exchanges among people, goods, ideas and practices long before the arrival of the Europeans. Historical records and archaeological artefacts reveal diasporic settlements constituted by Indian, Chinese, and Arab sojourners. Re-cast from the traditional Eurocentric, Catholicized and nationalist versions, Philippine transhistory is rescued from parochial accounts that tend toward the “homogenization” of Philippine society, as though “there has ever existed a ‘homogenous’ society anywhere in the world” (Iriye 2016). This is the paper's unique contribution as it expands the field of Philippine historical studies beyond “methodological nationalism” (Wimmer and Glick-Schiller 2003). Finally, this paper elaborates on the dominant themes of trade, language and lineage as the pillars of Philippine transnational history
Women’s Agency and Economic Life Changes of Fishermen: Community in the Thousand Islands Rosyidah, Ida
ida_athens@yahoo.com
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
22 This study explained the relation between agents and structures through women’s reflection strategies, which is known by internal conversation. This means that agents have undertook the interpretation of local norms and values that control women's lives. This study uses Margaret Archer’s theory on dualisms and morphogenesis as a framework in analyzing the data. The study also used the qualitative method with triangulation data collection models. The unit of analysis of the study is women’s activists from three different women’s Micro, small, and medium-scale businesses (UMKM), that are Perkumpulan Samo-Samo in Pramuka Island, Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Cumi-Cumi in Kelapa Dua Island, and KUB Kenanga in Tidung Island.
The result of this study indicates that there is a relationship between the structure and culture in creating women activist’s agency. The structure is represented by diverse State empowerment programs that aim to strengthen the primary agents so that they become corporate agents who drive change. At the same time, these agents develop the new cultural values related to economic independence. They build a culture of women’s economic independence so that women no longer depend on men in their economic needs. The process of formation of the new cultural values has been done through reflection on structural and cultural conditions that exist in the Thousand Islands before the tourism policy implementation until this day. The results of this study indicate there are some forms of reflexivity undertook by women activists, that are communicative reflexive, autonomous reflexives and meta-reflexives.
The Changing Nature of Child Marriage:
Sociological Reflection in West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and Sukabumi, West Java Ruwaida, Ida.
Idar.noor@gmail.com / ida.ruwaida09@ui.ac.id
Gender and Sexuality Studies Center, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Child marriage in Indonesia is the second highest at ASEAN, after Kamboja. Child marriage is closely associated with girls than boys. Based on Indonesia Statistical Office, there are 26% of girls who were already marriage at younger-age. Survey findings on 559 young women as respondens at West Lombok, NTB, has shown that 17% of them have marriage before 18 years old. Moreover, 17% of them were marriage before 16 years which’s breaking the Indonesia marriage law. It can be said that girls encounter social and economi pressures. Qualitatively, the practice of child marriage is more salient in Lombok Barat than Sukabumi. However, in both places, it have been founded a linkage between child marriage and teenage pregnancy. Generally, both realities has been revealed one by one. Based on findings, it can be stated that there is a change on the nature of child marriage practices at West Lombok and Sukabumi. By using Wirutomo’s conceptual framework on social transformation, the phenomena of child marriage and teenage pregnancy linkages will be appointed and disscused at micro as well as macro level, structurally as well culturally (including social processual). This framework is used to analyse the transformation of women’s/girls life, in term of structural, cultural, and social process at the community as well as national level, also global context. Therefore, to prevent girls/womens life, it should be needed for reconstructing the conception of social development that will be able to improve not only the quality of women life, but also to build a good society, the inclusive one.
Keywords: child marriage, teenage pregnancy, social transformation, quality of women’s life, good society.
23 Sanchez, John Jasper
sanchezjohnjasper@yahoo.com Universtity of Santo Tomas, Philippine.
This research has looked into the situation of an older adult community in an urban slum particularly the senior citizen group of Kapatiran in Baseco compound Tondo, Manila. The researcher conducted an in-depth interview with 100 randomly selected members of the group and a survey to further strengthen the qualitative data. In line with this, the researcher’s paper is divided into four parts discussing the following: (1) Kapatiran (2) Sociodemographic Profile of the Members (3) Aspirations in joining Kapatiran and (4) The Activities they engage in Kapatiran. The study found out that most of the elderly are actively participating in all their activities annually. However, the study shows that elders are more involved in activities that will help them economically (social pension, Christmas/Anniversary party and food assistance) or activities that will give them biyaya based on their local term. As for the elders’ aspiration in joining the group, the researcher found out that companionship and financial aspirations are the top answers of the elders. The study found out that most of the elders are utilizing their status as a senior citizen to receive benefits that could help with their day to day lives.
Rethinking Jurgen Habermas Public Sociology: A Communication-Action Theory Setiawan, Agus Hendro
agushendrosetiawan69@yahoo.com University of Jember, Indonesia.
This paper seeks to provide an overview of Jurgen Habermas’s intellectual position in relation to the concept of Michael Burawoy's public sociology. The concept of Michael Burawoy's public sociology seeks to change sociology as a discipline that is required to contribute more to society. Contribution, in the meaning of Burawoy's understood in four ways: professional: research programs and traditions of sociological theory should produce the knowledge and understanding that strengthen its identity as an academic discipline and knowledge; critical sociology should be a science that has a moral purpose; policy: is understood as a way of sociology formulated in achieving community goals; public: sociology must constantly perform reciprocal communication to the public. The concept of public sociology has been shown by Habermas in communication-action theory. For Habermas, sociology must direct the development of politics, science and culture to the universal ideals that guided by a social-rational practice. Social-rational practice can be achieved through a communicative society: the people who always engage in reciprocal dialogues.
Keywords: Habermas, public sociology, communication-action theory.
Religious Orientation and Values in Family Food Consumption Patterns: A Study on Consumerism in the city of Denpasar, Bali.
Setyawati, Lugina, Francisia SSE Seda, Timoti Tirta, Pebriansyah. Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
24 families. Focus on Denpasar as a cosmoplitan city and place where the local and global values meet, this paper shows that the growth of the culinary industry and food products in the city does not necessarily implicate commodity consumption that is oriented to fulfill consumptive desires. The study employs a survey participated by 150 respondents representing lower, middle and upper social strata in Denpasar, Bali. The findings indicate that tradition and religious aspects affect modes of consumption of the consumer society. The Logic of consumption is not merely related to economic-based orientation and lifestyle, but associated with religious symbols and signs. This study shows that desires manifest not only in the ways people consume non-basic needs commodities, but also affect daily food consumption as the basic needs. This study also indicates that the practices of consumption not merely associated with lifestyle (distinction), but is also related to belief system rooted in their tradition and religious values.
Constitutional Amendment and Class Representation: The Case of Post-Suharto Indonesia Sujatmiko, Iwan Gardono, Ganda Upaya, Adrianus Jebatu, Khairullah
gardono9@gmail.com
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
The fall of Suharto’s regime in the 1998 reform resulted in free, fair, and peaceful general elections in 1999 and constitutional amendments in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. Those two processes led to a new regime while the new constitution transformed the political and legal system such as protection of human rights, decentralization, free press, the limitation of presidential term and power, and demilitarization. However, the amended constitution is more of a political and legal constitution than sociological which concerns social representation of class. There is still a literature gap to explain the absence of constitutional inclusion of class in Indonesia.
The paper’s central question is ‘Why did the four constitutional amendments not include class representation?’ Several specific questions are: What is the role of state institution particularly the People’s Council Assembly (MPR) in the amendment? What are the roles of CSOs and political parties? What are the influence of paradigms and conceptions of class? What is the recommendation for the fifth amendment? The research evidences to answer these questions consist of the minute of meeting of the People’s Representative Assembly which is documented in 16 books and “constitutions” of four dominant political parties and two Islamic and mass organizations. Interviews with members of People’s Assembly (MPR), Constitutional Commission, social organizations, and Focus Group Discussion with scholars are also included among the evidences.
The paper states that the limited amended constitutions or the exclusion of class is explained in several levels: first, at the level of political elites as decision-makers in MPR prioritizes the 1998 reform demands. Second, at the social level we find the factors such as the weak and fragmentation of CSOs, as well as the non-inclusiveness of “constitutions” of political parties and mass organizations. Third, at the paradigm level there are competing conceptions of class.
Fourth,the paper will discuss some policy recommendations for class inclusion in the fifth amendment.
The implication of this research is the necessity to connect social inclusion policy with constitution; on the other hand, social inclusion theories should extend their focus on the role of constitution which can enable or constrain social change.
Post Disaster Recovery: Research on Community Social Capital in Post-Earthquake in Bantul Suharman
25 Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
The May 27, 2006 earthquake had devastated Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. However, in a relatively short period, Bantul people gradually has been living normal life, if not better than before. The success of Bantul is caused by the effectiveness of community-based reconstruction approach, mainly by strong social capital. The relation between social capital and the effectiveness of community-based reconstruction approach in Bantul is significant to be further studied.
This research was done in two sub-villages. The informants were heads of affected families from certain community group. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and focus-group interview. The collected data were analyzed and summarized.
The success of Bantul’s community-based reconstruction is indicated by strong socal capital value in the form of mutual cooperation (gotong royong). This has tight relationship with socio-economic and cultural condition of Bantul people. In Bantul’s case, social capital took important role since emergency response to rehabilitation and reconstruction process of damaged houses.
During emergency response, social capital was able to unite communities (bonding). Cooperation among local communities (bridging) and with communities outside affected region (linking) occurred during this phase and later processes.
The common problem was collapsed houses. When reconstruction fund was deployed, people formed pokmas as a media to rebuilt their houses. In this process, local leadership played a big role in uniting people and releasing tension among individuals. In community group system, mutual cooperation and sambatan were modified to adjust the current situation and condition. Problems emerged as consequences in applying mutual cooperation in community groups; such as work division, procurement of building materials and prioritization among members. Local leaders had significant role in solving problems to avoid conflict.
Keywords : Social Capital, Community Based Reconstruction.
Prominent Sociologists and Burawoy’s Four Sociologies Kamanto Sunarto
kamantos@yahoo.com Universitas Indonesia
The founding of the sociology department at Universitas Indonesia in the 1962-1963 academic year was sponsored, co-founded and supported by a small group of sociologists committed to the three pillar of Indonesian higher education: education, research, and service to society.
They were members of diverse ethnic groups. Born during the colonial era, they attended Dutch elementary or secondary schools prior to World War II. In the following post-colonial era all but one obtained their bachelor’s degrees from Indonesian universities. They then studied in the U.S., where five of them earned their master’s degrees and four of them earned their doctorates. Prior to studying in the U.S. one of them studied sociology at a university in the Netherlands, while, after completing her graduate education in the U.S., another colleague earned a doctorate from an Indonesian university.
26 Michael Burawoy distinguishes four types of sociological labor: professional, critical, policy, and public sociology. Using Burawoy’s typology, this paper discusses the types of sociology these sociologists were engaged in during their distinguished careers during an era of authoritarian rule followed by a military dictatorship.
Multicultural Behavior among Primary School Students in Jakarta Suleeman, Evelyn
evelyn_suleeman@yahoo.com Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Religion and ethnic are variables frequently used for measuring tolerant or intolerant attitude or even behavior in Indonesia. Very limited studies in Indonesia examined the multicultural behavior of primary students.
This article is a part of larger survey among students from five public primary schools, and five private primary schools based on religions (Islam, Catholic, Protestant, Budhism, and Hinduism) in Jakarta and their mothers. However, this article focuses only among students. The survey examined their multicultural behavior and whether their behavior relate to multicultural values socialized by their mothers, religious teacher, as well as friend.
Multicultural behavior are measured in two indicators: (i) having friend, close friend, tutor outside school with different ethnic or religion; and (ii) giving holiday greetings to those who have different religion (friend, close friend, tutor outside school, and relatives who have different religion). The survey found out differences in multicultural behavior among students according to their religious background. More of non-Muslim students have friend, close friend, and tutor outside school with different religion. More of them also give holiday greetings to those who have different religion (friend, close friend, tutor outside school). However, no differences between non-Moslem and Moslem student in giving holiday greetings to relatives with different religion.
Furthermore, the survey found relationships between multicultural values socialized by mothers, religious teacher, as well as friend and multicultural behavior among students. Those who received more positive multicultural values tend to not only have more friend, close friend, and tutor outside school than those who received negative multicultural values, but they also tend to give holiday greetings to those who have different religion.
Multicultiralism Is Not Just At Societal Level But Also At Individual Level Wongkaren, Turro S.
twongkaren@gmail.com
Lembaga Demografi Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
27 this would be a Chinese Muslim mother who holds Ph.D. in Women Studies, lives in an urban area, and is an oldest daughter. Each of those identities (according to her ethnicity, religion, familial role, education, discipline, residence, gender, and birth order) carries different expectations, say, in terms of her relationship with other family members when it comes to obligations. As a Muslim, her obligation mainly toward her husband and nuclear family. As a Chinese, particularly eldest daughter, she is expected to help her parents as well as her siblings.
A question arises: which identity that influences individual's choice or behavior? Following Styker, the answer lies in the salience of identity: there is a hierarchy of identities, and the one that is mentioned most frequently by the individual is the most salient. identity, however, is fluid. Psychological experiments show that identity is also influenced on external cues, which means the hierarchy may change often. This means we need to explore the dynamics of multiple identities and how it affects individuals and society.
Introduction of Internationalization of Sociology in Japan and East Asia: History and Ideal of Networking of Sociology
Yazawa, Shujiro
Hitotsubashi University and Seijo University
This presentation tries to describe history of internationalization of sociology in Japan, which is closely linked with Japan Sociological Society. A peak of this history was Hosting of the ISA-World Congress of Sociology at Yokohama in 2014. At the congress, we conducted survey on internationalization of sociology in order to find out present situation of international mobility of sociologists in the world. Next year we conducted one more survey on internationalization of sociology among members of Japan Sociological Society and compared with two surveys. This presentation shows basic findings and characteristics of two surveys. Now we are trying to extend these surveys to Korea, China and Taiwan. These surveys are important to find the common grounds of sociology in four countries. This presentation explains the importance of East Asian sociology and East Asian Sociological Association. By creating and establishing East Asian Sociology and East Asian Sociological Association, we can expect post -colonial societies and East Asian Society in the future.
Violence Sub Culture among the Marginal Youth Yasmine, Daisy Indira
ddindira@yahoo.com
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
28 become a source of benefit for the actors. No wonder if this collective violence has also contructed as a cultural phenomena. This has occured as a cycle of collective violence among the youth, and has been part of their daily life.
Kampungnesia and Citizen Urbanism Zunariyah, Siti, Akhmad Ramdhon wacana3000@gmail.com
Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.
In the last decade, archipelago cities transform with decentralization and democracy thoughts to frame new building over the existing change. The most dominant orientation is the city transforming with developing reasoning and economic interest all at once. The inevitable consequence is that the community participation in city policy is still limited. City and kampong communities are then left far behind the swift and massive city transformation in Surakarta City.
Learning and teaching sociology stimulate a learning process connected to a variety of city dynamics. The choice to participate in city problems becomes the agenda of class, along with the youths using PAR method. A variety of agenda is then designed to map the kampung-kota, recording the dynamics of change, recording the community’s expectation, and designing workshop with the community to respond to the city dynamics. The important element of participative process is the youths’ attempt of identifying their city and of producing knowledge about city, along with the community.
