CIIA TER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backeround of the Study
H o f f n a n ( 1 9 9 1 : 9 3 ) s a y s that fron the age of a year o r s o p e o p l e h a v e c o m m u n i e a t e d w i t h o t h e r s l a r g e l y through language. A language, according to Webster
( 1 9 8 1 : 6 4 1 ) i s a s y s t e m a t i c m e a n s o f c o m m r r n i c a t i n g i d e a s
o r f e e l i n g b y t h e u s e o f c o n v e n t i o n a l i z e d s i g n s , e o u n d s , g e s t u r e s o r m a r k s h a v i n g u n d e r s t o o d meanings. I n 1 l n e w i t h t h i s , F i n n o c h i a r o ( L 9 7 4 2 3 ) says that language is a
syetem of arbitrar:y, vocal symbofs which permit a1l people of that culture, to cornmunicate or to interacu.
H o f f m a n ( 1 9 9 3 : 9 3 ) claims that a language doesn-t exlst apart from a social group since language provides t h e m e a n s f o r p e o p l e t o t a k e their p l a c e in society, t o express their wants and convey informatlon, to learn about other people and the world around them- He also says that in communlcation in which two languages are l n v o l v e d , t h e r e a l w a y s e x i s t s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f ewitching from L2 to either L1 or another language- That c o u l d h a p p e n i n I n d o n e s i a s i n c e I n d o n e s i a i s a polyglossie eountry, and the uae of more than one
W a l l w o r k ( 1 9 7 8 : 5 8 ) says that every language i.s eonstantly
c h a n g i n g . I t h a p p e n s a l s o t o I n d o n e s i a n lanEuage.
fndonesian has got many words from other languages e l t h e r v e r n a c u l a r s o r f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e s . B y s o d o i n g i t i n c r e a s e s i t s v o c a b u l a r y a n d e o n e e q u e n t l v i t c o u l d k e e p
up with the development of many things nowadays. Soedjito ( 1 9 9 0 : 3 ) s a y s t h a t t h e f n d o n e s i a n v o c a b u l a r V i s
increaeing and the increasing process is in Iine with the development of the society. He further says that language
borrowlng words does exist 1n the Indoneslan language. F o r i n s t a n c e , t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s p r o g r a m , i n t e r n ,
m i n i m a l , b a n k , v i t a l , a n d m o d e r n a r e t a k e n f r o m t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e .
Enelish ae an internatlonal language and a foreign language in Tndoneeia contributes so many words to the
I n d o n e s i a n l a n g u a g e . T h e w o r d " a n t i s i p a s i " c o m e s f r o m " a n t i c i p a t i o n " , a n d t h e w o r d " d e d u k s i " i s t a k e n f r o n " d e d u c t i o n " . S o m e o f t h e E n g l i s h b o r r o w e d w o r d s a r e t a k e n
a s t h e y a r e , n o c h a n g e a t a l l , f o r e x a m p f e : t h e w o r d " b a n k " is from "bank" and "flora" i s f r o m " f 1 o r a " . p a t e d a ( 1 9 8 7 : 1 0 ) E i v e s m o r e e x a m p l e s 6 u c h a s " e p i e o d e " , " d l g i t a l " . " b r u t a l " , " b a r t e r " . T h e s e w o r d s a r e t a k e n a s
t h e y a r e .
feature of lanEuage and no language is isolated to avoid
some contact wlth the speakers of other languageo. It can b e s a i d t h a t , t h e b i l i n e u a l s a r e t h e v e h i c l e s o f
b o r r o w i n g . H a u g e n ( 1 9 5 3 : 1 2 0 ) s a y s t h a t t h e m o s t o b v i o u s reason for borrowing is the need of a term in the recipient language for some prevlously unknown p h e n o m e n o n . But this is far from being the only r e a s o n .
Words are often borrowed because they are felt to be p r e s t i g i o u s o r j u s t n o v e l . T h i s i s e s p e c i a l l y t r u e i f t h e
speakers feel inferior to the speakers of the other l - a n g u a g e - I n s t u d y i n g b o r r o w i n g , i t i s t h e r e f o r e
important to know about the social relations of the two communities and borrowing may actuallv be a key to
understand euch relations.
H a u g e n ( 1 9 5 3 : 1 2 5 ) d i s t i n g u i s h e d o n l y t h r e e k i n d s o f b o r r o w i n g n a m e J y : I o a n w o r d s , l o a n b l e n d , a n d l o a n s h i f t . L o a n s h i f t l n c l u d e s l o a n t r a n s l a t i o n s a n d s e m a n t i c
b o r r n w i n g s .
I n l i n e w i t h t h i s . W e i n r e i c h ( 1 9 5 3 : 2 0 ) s a y s t h a t
borrowing may oceur rnostly in lexical items which came to b e k n o w n a s l o a n w o r d s , I o a n b l e n d a n d l o a n t r a n s l a t l o n .
another language with some morphemic substitutlone and loan tranelation is the translation of indivldual rnorphemes of one language lnto their nearest equivalents
in another language.
I n d o n e s l a n , d B a d e v e l o p i n g l a n g u a g e , n e e d 6 t o open to other languagee. As many linguists say about the definitlon of language, one important thing to point ls
that a language has a certain system. Indonesian hae also a system, a system of how to use punctuation, how to w r i t e w o n d s , h o w t o m a k e s e n t e n c e s , t o p r o n o u n c e , t o borrow forelgn words and to branslate the borrowed words
into Indonesian. The government of Indonesian has issued a l e g i t i m a t e r u l e c a l l e d E Y D ( E j a a n Y a n g D i s e m p u r n a k a n ) .
. In Indoneeia, there are many new6paper6 aa written means of communlcation. EYD has to be applled in
the newspapers when the writers of the newspapers want to report or write news.
B a d d o c k ( 1 9 8 8 : 1 ) statee that newspaper 1s a good
baeic for language strrdy because of its variety of text
types and Iangu"g" -tyl"" and lt involves some languages
on j-t. Newepapens are valuable earriers of ner./s. They
help people share attitude and understand cultural
of people spend tlme reading them and the commentaries on t h e n e w e k n o w n a e e d l t o r l a r e . B a d d o c k ( l g g g : 5 ) a r e o 6 a y s that editorial is a column which expresses the paper-E own point of vlew. It 1s also a rnain source of
information about current affalrs.
Baeed of the ldea above, the wrlter le very interested 1n writlng a thesls that analyze the borrowed words especially Englleh borrowed words encountered ln Jawa Pos Editorial and reported the reeults in this theois entltled: "A Study on The Engllsh Borrowed Words Encountered in the Editorial of Jawa pos Newspaper...
1-2 Ttre Statements of the problem
fn llne wlth the background of the etudy, the questions inveetigated were formulated as fol_lows.
1. What kinds of English borrowea woraellinost frequently employed in the editorlals of Jawa poe newopaper? 2. What ie the percentage of each trrye of the Engllsh
borrowed words?
3. What is the most probably dominant reason that triggered the use of English borrowed worde in the editorlale of the Jawa post newspaper?
1.3 The ObJectives of the Study
6
1. To present the moet frequently
Engtleh borrowed worde
ueed ln the edltorials
of Jawa poe newepaper.
2. To preaent the percentage of each type of the Englleh
borrowed
worde-3. To present
the noet probably
domlnant
reason
that
triggered
the use of
Englleh borrowed worde in
the
e d l t o r l a l e
-1-4 Ttre Significance
of the Study
The findingo
of thie
etudy can be used ae inpute
to
the
government of fndoneela
aE the
material
for
promulgation of new words ln Indoneslan- fhey oucht to be
sultable
lnputs
for
eociolinguistlc
studies
about
borrowed words in Indonesian language. Besides they could
glve Eome lnputs for vocabulary
teachlng-1-b The Llnitatlon
of the.study
The wrlten
limlted
thls etudy of
the
following
a r e a 8 :
1. The data
aourcea
under
etudy
are
the
Jawa
pos
edltoriale
from March lat until
March 31st, 1gg7.
2. The data that are pnalyzed are the Engllsh
borrowed
w o r d e .
1.6 Theoretical Framework
T h i s t h e s l s w a s b a s e d o n t h e t h e o r i e s o f b i l i n g u a l i s m a n d b o r r o w i n g w o r d s . B i l i n e u a l i s r n a c c o r d i n g t o W e i n r e i c h ( 1 9 6 8 : 3 ) 1 s t h e p r a c t i c e o f a l t e r n a t e l y using two languages. It happens in newspaper where several languages such as Enelish. Javanese and I n d o n e e i a n a r e u s e d . T r a u t h ( 1 9 9 6 : 5 5 ) , d e f i n e s b o r r o w i n g a s t h e a d o p t i o n o f I i n e u i s t i c e x p r e s s i o n s f r o m o n e Ian€rrage into another language especialfv when no term e x i s t s f o r a n e w o b i e c t . c o n c e p t o r s t a t e o f a f f a i r s .
1-7 Definition of Key Terms
T h e t l t l e o f t h l s t h e s i s i e A S t u d v - O n T h e E n g l i s h Borrowed Words Used in The Editorial-s of The "Jawa Pos" Newspaper so the key terms are Editorial , Borrowing Loan W o r d . L o a n B l e n d . L o a n T r a n s l a t i o n . L o a n E x t e n s i o n , L o a n S h i f t a n d L o a n R e n d i t i o n .
x E d i t o r i a l i s a n e w s p a p e r o r p e r i o d l c a l s a r t i c l e t h a t l e n s u a l l y g i v e n a special or significant p l a c e a n d t h a t i n t e n t l o n a l l y e x p r e s s e s t h e v i e w s o f t h o s e i n c o n t r o l o f t h e p u b l i c a t i o h o n a m a t t e r o f c u r r e n t i n t e r e s t
( W e b s t e r 1 9 8 6 : 7 2 3 \ .
from
one laneuage to another laneuage.
Loan
word is a word that is borrowed as a whole both
s o u n d a n d meaning (Hudoon 1980:58).
* Loan blend is a word that is borrowed from another
lanErrage with some morphemic subetitution or epelling c h a n g e ( H u d s o n 1 9 8 0 : 5 8 ) .
* L o a n translation i s t h e t r a n s l a t l o n o f i n d i v i d u a l morpheme of language A into their nearest equivalent in l a n g u a g e B ( H a u g e n 1 9 5 0 : 2 0 0 ) .
* Loan extension ls thelof the extension meaning of a particular item in language B on analogy with the wider meaning or polyserny of the equivalent lexlcal item in
l a n g u a s e A ( R i c e 1 9 6 2 : 1 3 O ) .
* Loan shift ls when the meaning of an inherited native word has been ahifted or extended to carrv the meaning o f a f o r e i g n w o r d ( H e n d e r s o n 1 9 5 1 : 1 3 1 ) .
* L o a n r e n d i t i o n 1 e l l k e l o a n t r a n s l a t i o n . e x c e p t t h a t the correspondence between the morphemes in the "Bource" and thoee in the borrowing language is onLy
a p p r o x l m a t e ( R l c e 1962: 130).
1.8 Organization of the Thesie
Study.
the
Llnltatlon
Framework,
Deflnltlon
Organizal;l-on of the Theele
The eecond
chapte
Literature.
whlch dlseueee
related
etudles. fhe tht
It ls about the Nature of
Instrumente.
Proceduree o
Data.
The fourth
lE the F
chapter le the conclusLon.
I
o f
f
the
Study.
Theoretlcal
the
Key Terme
and
the
le
the
Revlew
of
Related
the theories
and the prevlouE
le the ReEearch Methodology.
