THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM “THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY” :A Case Study of English – Indonesian Translation:.

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THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM “THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY”

(A Case Study of English – Indonesian Translation)

A Research Paper

Dimas Yulianto

(0902563)

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

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THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM

THE

HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY

(A Case Study of English

–

Indonesian Translation)

Oleh

Dimas Yulianto

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan pada Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

April 2014

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhya atau sebagian,

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PAGE OF APPROVAL

THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM “THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY”

(A Case Study of English – Indonesian Translation)

A Paper by

Dimas Yulianto

0902563

Approved by:

First Supervisor Second Supervisor

Dr. H. Hobir Abdullah, M.Pd. Sri Harto, M.Pd.

NIP: 195202091977021001 NIP: 197205012006041004

Head of Department of English Education The Faculty of Language and Arts Education

Indonesia University of Education

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu ABSTRACT

The present research entitled The Translation Analysis of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” aims at

discovering types of proper names and analyzing the translation procedures dealing with the proper names in the film. A qualitative descriptive method was employed in the research. In analyzing the data, Leech and Startvik’s classification of proper names (2002), and two concepts of translating procedures by Fernandes (2006) and Newmark (1988) are devised as text analysis frameworks. The result of data analysis shows that there are seven types of proper names discovered, namely personal name (57%), geographical name (30%), language name (1%), calendar item (3%), plural name (1%), name of object (7%), and historical period/event name (1%). The second finding shows that there are five translation procedures applied in translating the proper names: copy (60%), rendition (14%), deletion (1%), couplet (22%), and triplet (3%). By seeing the results it can be concluded that the Indonesian translator, in translating proper names in The Hobbit: An Unexpected

Journey movie, tends to be faithful to the source language.

Keywords: Translation Procedures, Proper Names, Fantasy Film

ABSTRAK

Penelitian yang berjudul Analisis Penerjemahan Nama dalam Film Fantasi “The Hobbit: An Unexpexted Journey” ini bertujuan menemukan jenis-jenis nama dan menganalisis prosedur penerjemahan yang dilakukan terhadap nama tersebut dalam film yang telah disebutkan. Metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dalam menganalisis data, klasifikasi nama yang dikemukakan oleh Leech dan Startvik (2002) dan dua konsep prosedur penerjemahan Fernandes (2006) dan Newmark (1988) digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis teks. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukan ada tujuh jenis nama yang ditemukan, yaitu nama diri (57%), nama tempat (30%), nama bahasa (1%), item kalender (3%), nama jamak (1%), nama objek (7%), dan nama peristiwa sejarah (1%). Adapun temuan kedua memperlihatkan ada lima prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan nama-nama tersebut, yaitu copy (60%), rendition (14%), deletion (1%), couplet (22%), dan triplet (3%). Dengan melihat hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerjemah Indonesia, dalam menerjemahkan nama dalam film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, cenderung setia atau berorientasi pada bahasa sumber.

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF APPROVAL ...

STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ... i

PREFACE ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... iii

ABSTRACT ... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v

LIST OF TABLES ... viii

LIST OF FIGURES ... viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background ... 1

1.2 Statements of Problem ... 3

1.3 Aims of Study ... 3

1.4 The Scope of Study ... 3

1.5 Significance of the Study ... 4

1.6 Clarification of Key Terms ... 4

1.7 Organization of Paper... 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ... 6

2.1 Translation ... 6

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.1.2 Translation Process ... 8

2.1.2.1 Nida’s Translation Process ... 8

2.1.2.2 Newmark’s Translation Process ... 8

2.1.2.3 Translation Process Proposed by Recent Researcher ... 10

2.1.3 Translation Methods ... 10

2.1.4 Translation Procedures ... 14

2.2 Proper Names... 24

2.2.1 Proper Names Definition ... 24

2.2.2 Classification of Proper Names ... 25

2.2.2.1 Proper Names without an Article ... 27

2.2.2.2 Proper Names with the Definite Articles ... 28

2.3 Proper Names in Literary Text ... 29

2.4 Translating Proper Names ... 30

2.5 Previous Studies ... 32

2.6 Concluding Remark ... 33

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 34

3.1 Statements of Problems ... 34

3.2 Aims of Study ... 34

3.3 Research Design... 34

3.4 Object of the Study ... 36

3.5 Data Collection ... 36

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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 39

4.1 Findings of Proper Names ... 39

4.2 Findings of Translation Procedures ... 40

4.3 Discussions of Proper Names and Translation Procedures ... 42

4.3.1 Copy ... 44

4.3.2 Rendition... 49

4.3.3 Deletion ... 53

4.3.4 Couplet... 54

4.3.5 Triplet ... 59

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 61

Conclusions ... 61

Recommendations ... 63

REFENRENCES ... 64

APPENDIX ... 67

DATA LIST ... 68

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Categories of Proper Name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey”

Movie ... 39

Table 4.2 Translation Procedures in Translating Proper Names ... 41

Table 4.3 The Distribution of Proper Names for Each Translation Procedure .. 42

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Translation Process by Nida (1964) ... 8

Figure 2.2 Types of Translation Method ... 11

Figure 2.3 Classification of proper names by Leech and Svartvik (2002)... 26

Figure 4.1 Proper Names Distribution ... 40

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background

Translation has developed throughout the world and may help people to

exchange information or messages cross country. Translating theorist, Newmark

(1988:5), states that translation is the process of rendering the meaning of a text

into another language in the way that the author intended the text. By the practice

of translation, the communication among people cross country has successfully

managed without having misunderstanding or misconception. In regard to this,

translation products should have a strong coherence with a source language (SL).

Baker (1992: 241) states that coherence between a source language and a target

language is a network of relations which organizes and creates text.

People do the translating works usually in three major fields, according to

the text that was translated, namely literary text, technical text and political text

which have been made accessible for a mass audience (Newmark, 1991: 16).

Translating literary text requires more skills to meet aesthetic value. Translators

should have a good feeling and sensitivity to deal with literary works in order to

make a beautiful and natural translation in relation with target language (TL)

without omitting or adding the real meaning of the source language (SL). The

translators also should have knowledge about the genre of the literary works that

he/she is working in. Moreover, he/she also should know the author’s background

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translated in different languages. Due to the vast number of distribution,

children’s literature has risen plenty of attentions and critics from many sides. One issue that has lifted up many translators and researchers’ interests in the translating literary works is translating proper names in children’s literature. Why the proper names, also called proper nouns or names, looks interesting to be

scrutinized is because they can determine the setting, social status, nationality and

even carry out the characterization of a person or a place (Kalashnikov, 2006). In

regard to the translation, to translate proper name is not so simple. The translators

mostly face a complicated case while they are translating proper names in fantasy

literature since proper name usually has various allusions indicating gender, age,

geographical terms, history, specific meaning, playfulness of language and

cultural connotations (Kalashnikov, 2006).

The study of translating proper names in children’s literature has been conducted by many researchers, namely Yvonne Bertills (2003), Christiane Nord

(2003), Alexander Kalashnikov (2006), and Evelina Jaleniauskienė and Vilma Čičelytė (2009). Their studies mostly discover meaning behind the proper names and translation procedures dealt with certain proper names, in the case of translation English into the aforementioned researcher’s language, or vice versa.

However, in Indonesia, the study of translating proper names does not

seem interesting for most of the Indonesian researchers or translators, although there are so many children’s literatures distributed to this country at the same time. So far, it is quite difficult to find any research papers, articles, or journals of

proper names translation conducted by Indonesian researchers. This fact motivates

the writer to conduct a research in the topic of translating proper names in children’s literature.

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writer because there are more than one hundred different proper names within and is adapted from the popular British children’s literature (1937) with the same title.

1.2Statements of Problems

The research will be led by the following statement of problem:

1. What types of proper names are found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. What translation procedures are used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

1.3Aims of Study

In accordance with the statement of problem above, this research is aimed

at discovering:

1. Types of proper name found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey”

movie.

2. Translation procedures used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

1.4The Scope of Study

The research focuses on analysis of translation procedures used by the

translator in translating proper names in fantasy film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie. Since the film is a kind of children’s literature, the current research is focused on translating proper names in children literature. According

to the problems stated, the main units that will be the object of the study are

proper names found in the movie, which will be investigated descriptively by

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257-Dimas Yulianto, 2014

259) and some additional relevant proper names from

grammar.youdictionary.com. And to deal with second problem, the researcher will

use the synthesized concept of translation procedures by Fernandes (2006) and Newmark’s (1988) in classifying and analyzing the translation of proper name thoroughly.

The object of study itself is the fantasy film that belongs to the children

literature Because there are so many versions of the movie, the researcher will

pick up one sample movie from the original DVD to maintain the legality of the

film and its translation script. The film script (English or SL text) is acquired from

the site www.projectcasting.com and the translated version (Indonesian or TL

text) is obtained from the subtitle of the movie itself.

1.5Significance of the Study

It is expected that the research would give positive results for at least three

aspects. The first aspect is theoretical significance, which means that the present

research is expected to enrich the findings of previous research and to introduce a

set of additional procedures of translation to deal with particular unit of

translation, in instance proper names. The second aspect is practical significance,

which is intended to make the students of translation studies think critically and

encouraged to comment about the little yet important things related to any units of

translation like proper names. The last aspect is professional significance which is

meant to provide new inputs and ideas for professional translators in translating

small unit of language like proper names and to raise the less concerned issues of

translation like translating proper names (at least for most Indonesians) in the case

study of English-Indonesian translation.

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a. Fantasy film is one kind of film genre that brings the audience to netherworld,

fairty-tale places where events are unlikely to occur in real life (American

Movie Classics Company LLC, 2013).

b. Proper name is the name for an individual person, place, or organization

having an initial capital letter (The Oxford Concise English Dictionary, 2001:

1146)

c. Translation is defined as rendering the meaning of a text into another

language in the way that the author intended the text (Newmark, 1988: 5).

d. Translation procedures are a set of tools of textual analysis that represents a

process of searching for notable semantic and formal relations arising

between the original and the target text (Gibova, 2012: 28).

1.7 Organization of Paper

This research paper is generally divided into five chapters. Chapter I

describes an introduction. This chapter briefly presents the content of paper to the

readers which are covering background of the study, statement of problem, aims

of the study, the scope of the study, significance of the study, clarification of key

terms, and organization of the paper.

Chapter II presents the literature review. It consists of detailed theories

which are related to the study. The literature review will be covering all about

translation, proper names, proper names in literary text, translating proper names

and the previous researches.

Chapter III explains the research methodology. This part covers research

design, object of the study, data collection, and data analysis.

Chapter IV analyzes findings and discussions. It explores the findings and

discussions of data gained from analysis of proper names in SL text and TL text.

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methodology of the research in details. It

describes the research the research method that is used to achieve the goals of the

study and review the research stages. The chapter is divided into: research

questions, aims of the study, research method, research subject, the technique and

instrument used in collecting the data, and the technique of analyzing the data.

3.1 Statements of Problems

As stated in previous chapter, the research is led by the statements of

problems as follow:

1. What types of proper names are found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. What translation procedures are used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

3.2 Aims of Study

In accordance with the statements of problems above, the aims of study

were generated as follow:

1. The types of proper names found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. The translation procedures used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

3.3Research Design

Considering the research question in chapter one, the researcher would

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that the qualitative method is focused on natural object, the main instrument is the

researcher, the data are inductive, and the result focuses on the meaning rather

than generalization. Qualitative method investigates the quality of relationship,

activities, situations or materials. Preissle and Ratcliff (2002, in Turmuzi, 2011:

46) defines the qualitative study as:

A loosely defined category of research designs or model, all of which elicit verbal, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory data in the form of descriptive narrative like notes, recordings, or other transcriptions from audio and videotapes and other written record and pictures or film (Preissle and Ratcliff, 2002; in Turmuzi, 2011: 46).

According to Preissle and Ratcliff’s postulate above, it is obvious that the written record or transcription of film can be utilized as the object of qualitative

research in the present study.

To support the qualitative approach, the descriptive and the textual

comparison of translation would be bounded in this research. Gay (1987) says

that a descriptive method is a method of research that involves collecting the data

in order to test hypotheses or to answer questions concerning the current status of

the subject of the study. It discovers and tells the way things are that means when

using such method, the data are investigated as they are without controlling or

giving any treatments and variables.

According to William and Chesterman (2002), the textual comparison of

translation is a part of the analysis of translated text which focuses on analyzing

comparison of the translation in the original (SL) and the translated one (TL).

Furthermore, it cannot deal with every possible aspect of the text (Willliam and

Chesterman, 2002). The textual comparison is also a part of qualitative research

method. In line with this, Fraenkel and Wallen (1993) state that qualitative

research is a research that probes the relationship quality, activity, situation or

material. Qualitative method tends to use description and categories of word, say,

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The data collected then were classified and discussed as objectively as

possible in this research. They were analyzed based on the theories explained in

chapter two. The analysis of data calculated the amount of proper names in the translated version of “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” and kinds of translation procedure used in translating its proper names.

3.4Object of the Study

Among the numbers of children’s literature, the writer selects a fantasy film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” as a sample since it contains a lot of proper names. There are 102 proper names which are all to be sampled. In

acquiring the film, the writer purchases it by online shopping in the form of

original DVD. The DVD prices Rp 132.000,- and has STLS no:

413/DVD/R/PA/01.2018.2013 with censor date: 14/03/2013. The proper names

within the subtitle text in the original version of the film are chosen because they

have an original and good quality translation which can make the investigation

easier.

Regarding to the film, “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” has become an interesting movie and quite popular in 2012. It can be seen that the movie has

reached score 8 of 10, which means a high rating in universal site of movie:

www.imdb.com. “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” has been nominated in a lot of awards as well, notably Empire Award, MTV Movie Award, and VES

Award in the categories: the best actor, the best science-fiction/fantasy, the best

hero and outstanding virtual cinematography. Above all, this film is adapted from

a fantasy classical children's book by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was

published firstly on 21 September 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated

for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the New York Herald

Tribune for best juvenile fiction at the time. The book remains popular and is

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 3.5 Data Collection

In conducting the research, the writer would collect the data through 3

stages, including:

1. The researcher observed the sample by watching the original DVD of “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. The researcher found and listed all the proper names in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie. In this step, the researcher counted all of the proper names and selected 102 proper names to be analyzed.

3. The researcher acquired the original movie transcription as the source

language (SL) text from internet and obtained the Indonesian subtitle as the

target language (TL) text by extracting the subtitle within the movie using a

tool Subtitle Edit. In this step, the researcher also determined the translation

procedures dealing with the pertinent proper names.

3.6 Data Analysis

After collecting the data, the researcher carried out the following steps to

analyze the data:

1. To help the writer comprehend the findings, the data were presented by using

a visual aid like a table (Emilia, 2009: 205). The table below presents the

general finding containing the SL and TL text, the types of proper name, and

the translation procedure.

No. SL text TL text Types of

proper name

Translation

Procedures

1. Smaug had come. Smaug Personal name Copy

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2. Arranging the proper name in SL text and TL text dialogue-by-dialogue in

matrixes. This following example would describe this step clearly.

Example:

SL text TL text

The Lonely Mountain Gunung Sunyi

3. Continuing from the first step above, the next was finding out the types of

proper names according to the classification of proper names by Leech and

Startvik and your.dictionary.com. In this step, the translation procedures were

also identified.

Example:

No. SL Text TL Text Types of

Proper Names

Translation

Procedures

1. The Lonely

Mountain Gunung Sunyi

Geographical

Name Rendition

4. Counting numeric data using simple scaling for film subtitle strategy to

determine the percentage.

P = �

�× 100%

P = percentage F = Frequency of translation procedures

N = overall number of proper names

5. Discussing all of data to draw a conclusion.

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This chapter has presented the research methodology covering statements

of problems, aims of study, research design, object of the study, data collection

and data analysis. The research was focused on discovering translations

procedures and types of proper names in the selected object. After analyzing the

chosen data, the researcher made conclusions based on the results of the research

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this final chapter, there will be detailed conclusions based on findings

and discussions elucidated in the previous chapter and recommendations for

further studies and for individuals and institutions interconnected with the present

study.

5.1 Conclusions

This paper reports the results of a study of translating proper names in fantasy film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” in the case of translating from English into Indonesian. Regarding to the aim of the study, the study sought the

types of proper name in the movie, and tried to find out the translation procedures

used in translating the proper names.

The first aim of the study is reached by the result that showed seven types

of proper name. It has been discovered that the proper names in the film “The

Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” were, respectively from the highest to the

lowest quantity and percentage: personal name (58 items or 57%), geographical

name (31 items or 30%), name of object (7 items or 7%), and calendar item (3

items or 3%). Language name, historical period/event name, and plural name had

the same amount of data quantity and percentage, each of them has 1 item and

cover 1% of the total proper names. This data show that the most frequent proper

name appearing was personal name, and the rarest were language name, historical

period/event name and plural name.

Meanwhile, the second aim of the study is also accomplished by the result

of five types of translation procedures employed by the translator in translating

the seven proper names. The procedures was ordered respectively from the

highest to the lowest quantity and percentage of the usage, copy (61 items or

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3%), and deletion (1 item or 1%). According to this result, it could be said that the

most frequent translation procedure applied was copy and the least use of the

procedure was deletion.

By seeing the results above, although copy was often used, the use of this

procedure was limited only in treating three kinds of proper names, among of

them was personal name that is also the first rank in taking a large amounts of

items from overall proper names. Meanwhile, the categories of proper name were

more various when they are translated through couplet, even though couplet treats

proper names almost three times less in quantity than the copy procedure. It is also

proved that the frequency of certain translation procedure used does not always

ensure the variations of proper name. In terms of the quantity of the procedures

used, they are ordered respectively from the most frequent: copy, couplet,

rendition, triplet, and deletion. But if they are sorted according to the most various

proper names to deal with, they will be couplet, rendition, copy, triplet, and

deletion.

Since copy is the most common procedure, and personal names are the most common proper names found in the movie “The Hobbit: An Unexpected

Journey”, it reveals implicitly that the Indonesian translator in this case tended to

be source language oriented or faithful in his translation. It can be seen that the

use of copy procedure was frequently employed in translating certain kinds of

proper names, such as personal names, geographical names and object names,

even though there are other procedures that possibly more suitable to render such

names into Indonesian, for example conventionality, which can adapt a western

name into a more Indonesian name (e.g. Daisy – Desi).

Meanwhile, a single Fernandes‟s term of translation procedure is not

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Terrible„, „Durin‟s Day‟, „Saruman the White‟, etc. which are formed by the translatable lexis (proper names formed from common nouns) and untranslatable

lexis (usually personal name). To deal with the aforementioned names, the

In this final section, the writer would like to give some recommendations

for the readers, the students of translation study, the translators or people who are

interested in translation. First, in translating proper names, especially in the matter

of children‟s literature, it is strongly advised that the translators need to look for

the additional information relating to the proper names that are going to be

translated, since proper names are rather tricky, even in the stage of identifying

and distinguishing proper names from common nouns in which it occurs before

the translators carry out the translation.

Second, one set of supplementary concept of translation procedures

proposed by other theorists should be used if it is found that the main procedures

cannot explain certain problem of translating proper names.

Third, regarding to the education significance, it is advised that the subject

of translating proper names are included in translating course, since it may enrich

the students‟ knowledge of translating any kinds of small units of language like

proper names, and know how to translate the proper names by using various terms

of translation procedures proposed by some translating theorists, such as

Newmark, Vinay and Darbelnet, and Fernandes.

Above all, the writer realizes that the results of present research cannot be

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children‟s literature that has been mentioned in the scope of study in chapter one, but other contexts do not so.

There are also a lot of matters left in this research that possibly has not

been discovered, such as the combination of two or more translation procedures in

translating one name and the inconsistency of using translation procedures.

Hopefully the next researchers or the writer himself will be interested in

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