1
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program
Post Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Magister Humaniora
BY:
TUTI ANDRIANI SIREGAR Registration Number : 8106111040
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM SCHOOL
A THESIS
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION
THROUGH ADVANCE ORGANIZER STRATEGY
By
TUTI ANDRIANI SIREGAR
Registration Number: 8106111040
English Applied Linguistics Study Program
The State University of Medan
This thesis was examined on July 4, 2013 by Board of Examiners
Approved by
Adviser Commission
Adviser I Adviser II
Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum
NIP. 19660616 199403 1006 NIP. 19700522 200112 2001
The Head of English Applied The Director of School of
Linguistics Study Program Postgraduates Studies
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd Prof. Dr. H. Abdul Muin Sibuea, M.Pd
APPROVAL
This thesis was examined on July 4, 2013 by Board of Examiners
Board Examiners
Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd ______________________________
NIP. 19660616 1994031006
Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum ______________________________
NIP. 19700522 200112 2001
Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd _____________________________
NIP. 19570615 198203 1005
Dr. Sri Minda Murni, MS. _____________________________
NIP.19630525 198803 2016
Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd. ______________________________
ABSTRACT
Siregar, Tuti Andriani. NIM 8106111040. Improving Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension Through Advance Organizer Strategy. A thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan 2013.
ABSTRAK
Siregar, Tuti Andriani. NIM 8106111040. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Dalam Reading Comprehension Melalui Strategy Advance Organizer. Tesis. Program Studi Linguistic Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Negeri Medan, 2013.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First, all praises be to Allah SWTT, the Almighty, for the great Blessing that loved continuously poured to the writer in the process of completing her study and this thesis. Praises also addressed to Prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided us to be better life.
In the process of conducting this study and completing this thesis, the writer owes a debt of gratitude to a number of people who have given the special care and attention. While it is not possible to mention all of them, some deserved her sincere and special thanks to:
To Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd, the Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and also to Dr. Sri Minda Murni, MS as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program for their stimulating support during the completion of the thesis.
To Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd, her first supervisor and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M. Hum, her second supervisor, for their guidance, comments and valuable suggestion for the great improvement of this thesis.
Medan who have shared their knowledge and experience to her during her academic year
The writer impressed for her beloved late father Ginda Siregar BA, mother Berliana Harahap. They are great motivators for her as they taught her how to struggle for life.
Her endless special gratitude is especially addressed to her beloved husband, Henri SE, son Mhd. Haykal Aulia and daughter: Naila Rizki Izzati for their love, full understanding, support and continuous motivation. I love you all very much.
The writer also would say thanks to the headmaster of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Binjai, M.Arifin, S.Ag, MA and Dra. Hj. Nurkhalishah MG. M.Ag, thanks for all contribution, understanding and the administrative help during doing the research in this school.
Last but not least, her special gratitude is addressed to her uncle Sudirman Siregar and wife. To her bothers Drs. Edy Nirwan MM and Setia Darma Siregar, her sister Dra. Nelfa Erita Siregar, her mother in law Hj. Asnidar BA, and to her sisters and brother in law, thank you for your support and motivation. May Allah SWT bless you.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……….. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v
LIST OF TABLES ... viii
LIST OF APPENDICES……….. ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 The Problems of the Study ... 4
1.3 The Objectives of the Study ... 5
1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 5
1.5 The Significance of the Study... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 7
2.2 The Achievement in Reading Comprehension ... 7
2.3 Reading Comprehension ... 8
2.4 Advance Organizer Strategy ... 14
2.4.1 The Principle ... 15
2.4.2 Types Of Graphic Organizer ... 16
2.4.3.1 Learning Objective……… . 17
2.4.3.2 Role of the material... 18
2.4.3.3 Role of the Teachers and the Students ... 18
2.4.4 Procedure ... 20
2.5 Previous Research ... 23
2.6 Conceptual Framework ... 24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design... 27
3.2 Location of the Research ... 29
3.3 Subjects of the Study ... 29
3.4 Research Procedure ... 29
3.5 The Instrument of Data Collection ... 37
3.6 Data Analysis ... 37
3.7 Trustworthiness ... 38
CHAPTER IV: THE DATA ANALYSIS, THE FINDINGS AND THE DISCUSSION 4.1 The Data Analysis ... .. 39
4.1.1 …. ... .. 42
4.1.2 The First Cycle ... 44
4.1.2.1 Planning ... . 45
4.1.2.2 Action ... 44
4.1.2.3 Observation... 47
4.1.2.4 Reflection ... 53
4.1.3 The Second Cycle ... 54
4.1.3.1 Planning ... 53
4.1.3.2 Action……… 53
4.1.3.3 Observation... 59
4.1.3.4 Reflection ... 64
4.2 Research Findings ... 65
4.3 Discussion ... 65
CHAPTER V SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion ... 68
5.2 Suggestions ... 69
REFERENCES ... 71
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDICES PAGE
A. Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (Siklus 1)………..74
B. Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (Siklus 2)………. 74
C. Reading Comprehension Test (Cycle 1)……….. 110
D. Reading Comprehension Test (Cycle 2)……….. 121
E. Daftar Wawancara Untuk Siswa……….. 133
F. Hasil Wawancara dengan Siswa (Preliminary Study)……….. 134
G. Hasil Wawancara Dengan Siswa (The First Cycle)……….. 129
H. Hasil Wawancara Dengan Siswa ( The second Cycle)……….. 131
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
English is an international language which is used by people in the world as a means of communication. It is widely used all over the world. It means that English is very important for every side of this life. Because of the importance of this language, it has to be learned by people who are not familiar with the language especially for countries which have determined English as the first foreign language and it will be taught as one of the subjects to be studied by the students starting from primary level up to the university level.
There are four language skills in learning English namely: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Reading is one of the most important skills of those. Reading is the ability to draw meaning from printed page and interpret the information approximately. The process of drawing information and interpreting information requires the work of the brain actively. The fundamental goal for reading activity is getting information from the text. This is a bridge for the students to understand what they have read. As they lack of knowledge of English they often encounter difficulties when reading their compulsory books written in that language. In order to gain what the people need to know from written language.
students’ experience and prior knowledge. Reading strategy plays an important role in understanding reading material. The readers are expected to be able to recreate the meaning intended by the writer and interpret the information well.
Reading is one of the language skills must be taught in English classes of Senior High students. Through the teaching and learning of reading, the students are expected to be able to comprehend the reading passages they read well. This is line with the objectives of reading instruction in Senior High School is to develop the students reading skill so that they can read English texts effectively and efficiently. (Curriculum, 2006).
comprehending reading text, as a consequence, the process of reading can’t run well. Based on the preliminary study the researcher had in her classes before, the problem faced is same with the data from PISA. The students also faced difficulties in reading comprehension, they can not comprehend the text well. It can be seen from their achievement last year that consisted two semesters. The average of English score in last two years for all students grade XI Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Binjai are 69,26 (The first semester in 2011/2012 of academic year). 69,09 (The second semester in 2011/2012 of academic year), and there were many students did remedial test because they could not get the standard score or the minimum passing grade score that is 75.
In teaching process, the teacher usually asked the students’ understanding about the text they have read and many of them could not get the idea or understand the text they have read. They did not understand the text well. It showed that the students still have insufficient ability to comprehend the text. This condition is caused by several factors such as: low motivation in mastering the reading skill, the material of the reading text is difficult for the students, the type of the instruction the students receive and monotonous teaching strategy the teachers had.
directly in the beginning. It is designed to strengthen the students’ cognitive structures as stated by Ausubel in Joyce, Weil and Calhoun (2008). The advance organizer has some advantages for students. The advantages of advance organizer are: (1) The students can explain, Integrate and interrelate with the material in learning task with previously learned material, (2) The students can discriminate the new material from previously learned material and in teaching reading, it is related to the daily situation, so it will be useful for students to recognize the material into familiar structure.
From the statements above, the researcher is interested in conducting the research entitled Improving the Students Achievement in Reading Comprehension through Advance Organizer Strategy. The research was carried out on the Eleven Grade of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Binjai 2012/2013 Academic Year.
1.2 The Problem of the Study
Based on the explanation in the background of the study above, the problem is formulated as in the following :
1.3. The Objective of the Study
Based on the previous problem, the objective of this study has relation to the following aspects :
To find out what should be done in advance organizer strategy to improve the students’ achievement in reading comprehension.
1.4. The Scope of the Study
This study is limited to the implementation of Advanced Organizer strategy in teaching of reading comprehension. In a more specific focus, this study is concentrated on how to improve the students’ achievement in reading comprehension through advanced organizer strategy.
There are four levels of reading comprehension, they are Literal, Interpretative, Critical, and Critical Comprehension. In this study the level of the reading comprehension is limited into Literal. The kind of the text was focused on report text in the form of Multiple Choice Text.
1.5. The Significance of the Study
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Suggestions
Based on the conclusion above the suggestions were formulated as the following :
1) To the the English teacher, they are suggested to apply the stages in advance organizer strategy in teaching reading comprehension. Because this strategy helps them to make students easily in processing, understanding and remembering the newly material given. If the students are given prior knowledge by linking the material given well, the students will be easy in processing, understanding and remembering the new material. The teacher are also suggested to aplly the stages in advance organizer startegy well, because it motivate the students to me more active in the teaching learning process, especially in reading comprehension.
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