DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, July 2015
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The greatest gratitude is expressed to Allah SWT, the Almighty and Most Beneficial for His Grace, Guidance, Praise, Honor, and Mercy that has been given to the writer so that he finally accomplished his thesis entitled: “Speech Function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019”.
In completing this thesis, the writer realized that he faced some problems and he had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and comments and got a lot of assistance and moral support from many people. Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature Department and also his Thesis Examiner, Dra. Meisuri, M.A. the Secretary of English and Literature Department and also his Thesis Consultant.
Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Department, and Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M.Hum. the Head of English Literature Program. taught, guided, and advised him throughout the academic years.
His special sincere gratitude goes to his beloved parents (May Allah SWT watches over them), his lovely father Asrizal Razali, and his beloved mother Junainis and all of his families for their endless love, pray, inspiration, motivation, financial support, and everything that they have given to the writer during his whole life.
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His thankfulness seniors, Dedi Sanjaya, Azhar Aziz Lubis, Budiyanto, Benny Ichsanda, Faisal Hakim Lubis, Sukma Septian Nasution, Andika Gautama Damanik, Rahmad Husein Nasution, Ali Muis Dongoran, Irwan Saputra, Muhammad Yusuf, etc. for their guidance, spirit, and motivation, in the organizations.
Rezeki Sofian, the crazy friend that has many assists in campus activity. And for the special smart girl, Isma Eriyanti whose kindhearted help, teach, valuable support and priceless time has unforgettably assisted in his daily life.
All his best friends, David Sihite, Bobby, Swarman, Sofyan, Swidanty, Bunga, Masri, Dahra, Ika, Khalida F, Martha SMMS, Christina and also his dear brothers and sisters in HMJ BSI FBS Unimed, thank you so much for every single smile laugh, tear, help, struggle that we have passed and for sweet and happy memories we shared together.
All his classmates in Sastra A 2011 who cannot be mentioned one by one that conquered the lectures and shared knowledge, ideas, and bitter-sweet of campus life together and have been cooperatively supporting the writer in completing this thesis.
The writer realizes that this thesis still has the paucity, he conveniently welcomes anysuggestions, comments, and advices that will improve the quality of this thesis. He hopes that this thesis would be useful for those who are read and interested in the field of this study.
Medan, July 2015 The writer,
Hasbi Ramadhan Reg. No. 2112220007
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ABSTRACT
Ramadhan, Hasbi. 2112220007. Speech Function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019. A Thesis. English and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015
The study deals with the types of speech function used in the withdrawal speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019. The objectives of this research were to find out the types of speech function and to describe the implication of the most dominant type of speech function. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data were 55 clauses taken from the withdrawal speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019 which were collected by applying documentary technique. The three types of speech function occurred in this speech, namely statement (87,3%) , offer (1,8%), and command (10,9%). The most dominant type of speech function was statement. The implication of using statement dominantly was Prabowo-Hatta can declare all of aspects that they consider as their evidences that to prove their argumentation to withdraw from Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019. By using statement dominantly, the power of this speech is more powerful to influence the public opinion that will realize Prabowo-Hatta has already known about the incident occurred in Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019. It can be illustrated through the use of statement by Prabowo-Hatta that is in a practice considered as a representative of a power to state a strong degree of certainty.
Key Words: Speech Function, Political Speech
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1. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) ... 7
2. Metafunction ... 9
3. Speech Function ... 11
4. Mood ... 16
5. Speech ... 19
6. Biography of Prabowo-Hatta ... 22
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 26
A. Research Design ... 26
B. The Source of Data ... 26
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ... 26
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CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 29
A. Data ... 29
B. Data Analysis ... 29
C. Research Findings ... 36
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 39
A. Conclusion ... 39
B. Suggestion ... 40
REFERENCES ... 41
APPENDIX I... 43
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Cross-Classifying of Speech Function ... 13
Table 2.2. Speech Function as Statement ... 14
Table 2.3. Speech Function as Question ... 15
Table 2.4. Speech Function as Offer ... 15
Table 2.5 Speech Function as Command ... 16
Table 2.6. Realization of Speech Function in Mood ... 16
Table 2.7. The Scheme of Mood Structure of Clause ... 18
Table 4.1 The Number of the Type of Speech Function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019... 29
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1. Parameters of Context of Situation ... 9
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX I. The Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019 ... 43 APPENDIX II. The Analysis of the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on
the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019 ... 46
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
In an ordinary living, people live using language constantly because a language is used as a means of communication or dialogue in their community. Without language, people in community cannot cooperate in their activity (Wardaugh, 1996:1). Language allows human to say things to each other and express their communication needs.
In other words, it is said that the main function of language is as a communication device and interaction instrument for all human. Language cannot be separated from the human being, it is a media to say anything and express the ideas, by using language, people can interact well, exchanging their ideas and also to fulfill their needs. When exchanging and expressing ideas, human being perform two roles namely giving and demanding, for the commodity such as information and goods or services (Halliday, 1994:69). In systemic functional linguistic (SFL), it is named speech function.
Speech function can be defined as the way speaker conveys his idea in order to make listener or reader understanding the idea. There are four primary forms of movement types of speech functions: statement, question, offer and command (Halliday, 1994: 68-69). The four basic speech functions are related to
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There have been some researches conducted previously on this issue. For instances, Indari (2011) found that the most dominant type of speech function used in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s speech is statment. This happens because Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as a speaker was giving the information for the people. He was explaining about the case or issue to the people. so that the aim of the speaking was to clarify the people about the issue. This research has found that the speech is almost using statement in the sentence which is to help the speaker to inform the people about the problem or the issue.
In line with that research, a similar research on Jokowi’s speech by Tarigan and Natsir (2014) found statement as the most dominant type of speech
function used in Jokowi’s speeches. The speech itself is meant to give or state
information, the way of the speaker deliver the information about the Jakarta
city’s problem and how to solve it, the speaker’s planning for Jakarta, and give
thanks for the audience in Jakarta Anniversary to the audience by using statement. Another research by Feng and Liu (2010) in Obama’s speech, all of the clauses adopted declarative mood except sentence 1 and sentence 9 which are imperative clauses. There are some considerations why he chose to use declarative mood. First of all, he is the information-giver and he needs to state out his opinions explicitly and express his ideas clearly. As the speech was given on his 100th day, lots of people attached great attention to it. Obama took office in such a
special time and “change” is the theme that Obama has been repeatedly
emphasizing in his campaign speech, and “Yes, we can” has become a slogan of
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world for American people when he became the president, so it is his time to tell people what kinds of changes have taken place and what kinds of achievements they have made to prove their capability. Secondly, from the declarative mood, the relation between Obama and the listeners is marked and his authority, status and administration are well established. Declarative sentences not only function as describing, explaining, confirming, but also as advising, suggesting and encouraging. As a president, he has the authority to make comments and analysis of current issues. His statements are believed to be convincing and confirming.
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Another reason, the researcher prefer to discuss this speech because it is a phenomenal speech which giving a different things than the other leader figure in Indonesia in 2014. This speech and also its speaker became a phenomenon because they are the first candidate that refused the presidential election as it is known the highest democracy in Indonesia since reformation era. It was also the first time since reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of the election process has been questioned. They have made a new history in Indonesia presidential election.
B. The Problems of the Study
In lines of background, the problems of the study are formulated as follows:
1. What types of speech function are used in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta as the first candidate that refused the Indonesia presidential election since reformation era in Indonesia?
2. What is the most dominant type of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019?
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C. The Objectives of the Study
Based on the problems of the study above, therefore the objectives of the study are as follows:
1. to find out the types of speech function used in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta as the first candidate that refused the Indonesia presidential election since reformation era in Indonesia.
2. to find out the most dominant type of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019. 3. to describe the implication of the dominant type of speech function in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019.
D. The Scope of the Study
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E. The Significance of the Study
The researcher is expecting the study can be useful for: 1. Academic Benefit
The result of the study having a goal for the students or other researcher to have a desire deepen the linguistic especially relevant with sociolinguistics. Thus, the paper can be benefits for politician, teacher, students, public speaker and everyone who use the result of research to help in their life. Furthermore they are able to understand the function of language that used.
It is hoped that the result of this study can give a valuable contribution for another further research and encourage English and Literature Department students to learn about Systemic Functional Linguistics, especially speech function analysis. They are also able to use this paper as an additional source to widen the knowledge about speech function. Moreover, the readers are allowed to recognize the definition of each type of speech function theory and to understand the application as well as the function. Furthermore the result can be determined how to useful the speech functions properly.
2. Practical Benefit
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the using of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019, the conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1. There are three types of speech function that are used in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019, namely statement (48 utterances, 87,3%) , offer (1 utterance, 1,8%), and command (6 utterances, 10,9%).
2. Statement is the most dominant type of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019 because the point of rejection can be conveyed through statement.
3. There are several implications of using statement dominantly in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019, namely:
Prabowo-Hatta can make sure their voters receive their idea clearly
The power of this speech is more powerful to influenced the public
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Prabowo-Hatta can declare all of aspects that they consider as their
evidences to proved their argumentation to withdraw from Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019.
B. Suggestion
Having seen the results of this research, the suggestion that are given by the researcher related to this topic namely:
1. For the political, especially for the candidate of leader, do the speech without any political affairs. Be honest, wise, and capable to put on the condition in the right track because a good leader comes from a good behavior.
2. It is suggested for the language students to learn more about speech function in order they can develop their understanding on how speech function works in text especially in the speech side.
3. for the students or other researchers who have a desire deepen the linguistic especially relevant with sociolinguistics. It can be used as a reference when they decide to discuss the same topic for their thesis. Furthermore they are able to understand the function of language that used.
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