Modul praktikum OS. Part 3. M erup ak a n representasi d ari peralata n h ard w are yan g m en ggun ak a n tran sm isi d ata

(1)

Modul praktikum OS

Part 3

DASAR TEORI

TIP E FIL E

P ad a L in u x terd ap a t 6 b u a h tip e file y aitu

 O rd in ar y file

 D ire k to ri

 B lo c k D evic e (P eralata n I/O )

M eru p ak a n rep resen tas i d ari p eralata n h ard w ar e y an g m en g g u n ak a n tran sm isi d ata p e r b lo c k (m isaln y a 1 K B b lo ck ), sep erti d isk , flo p p y , tap e.

 C h aracter D evic e (P eralata n I/ O )

M eru p ak a n rep resen tas i d ari p eralata n h ard w ar e y an g m en g g u n ak a n tran sm isi d ata k arak ter p er k arak ter, sep erti term in al, m o d e m , p lo tter d ll

 N a m e d P ip e (F IF O )

F ile y an g d ig u n ak a n se ca ra in tern o leh sy stem o p erasi u n tu k k o m u n ik asi a n tar pro ses

 L in k File

P R O P E R T I F IL E

F ile m em p u n y a i b eb erap a atrib u t, an tar a lain :

 T ip e file : m en en tu k a n tip e d ari file, yaitu :

K a r a k t e r A rti

- File biasa d D irek tori

l S y m b o lic lin k b B lo ck sp ecial file c C h aracte r sp ecia l file s S ocket link

p FIFO

 Ijin ak ses : m en en tu k a n h ak u ser terh ad a p file ini.

 Ju m la h link : ju m la h lin k u ntu k file ini.

 P em ilik (O w n er) : m en en tu k a n siap a p em ilik file ini

(2)

 Ju m la h k arak ter : m en en tu k a n u k u ra n file d alam b yte

 W a k tu p e m b u ata n : m e nen tu k an k ap an file terak h ir d im o d ifik asi

 N am a file : m en entuk a n n am a file yan g dim ak sud C o n to h :

N A M A F IL E

N a m a file m ak sim al terd iri d ari 2 5 5 k arak ter b eru p a alfan u m erik d an b eb erap a k arak ter sp esial y aitu g aris b aw ah , titik , k o m a d a n lain n y a k ecu ali sp asi d a n k arak ter “& ”, “;”, “ |”, “?”, “`”, “””, “’”, “[“, “]”, “(“, “)”, “$ ” , “< ”, “> ”, “{“ , “} ”, “^”, “# ”, “\ ”, “/”. L in u x m em b ed ak a n h uru f k ecil d en g a n h uru f b esar (case sen sitiv e). C o n to h n am a file y an g b en a r : Test1234 5 inux.txt LINUX.txt Linux.txt,old report_101,v2.0.1 8-17.web.html

S IM B O L I C L IN K

L in k ad ala h seb u a h tek n ik u ntu k m em b erik a n lebih d ari satu n am a file d en gan d ata y an g sa m a. B ila file asli d ih ap u s, m ak a d ata y a n g b aru ju g a terh ap u s . F o rm a t d a ri L in k :

ln fileAsli fileDuplikat

fileDuplikat diseb u t hard link dim an a k ed u a file ak an m u n cu l id en tik (link count = 2 ) B il afileAsliatau ileDuplikat d iu b a h p eru b ah a n ak an terjad i p ad a file lainna.

S y m b o lic L in k d ip erlu k a n b ila file terseb u t d i “lin k ” d en g an d irek to ri /file y an g b erad a p ad a p artisi yan g b erb ed a . T ip e file m en jad i l (lin k ) d an file terseb u t m en u nju k k e tem p at asal. F o rm at :

-rw-rw-r-- 1 ariya ariya 10 2010-03-28 04:20 coba.txt

tip e Iji n ak se s Ju m lah li nk pe m ili k gr ou p Ju m lah k arak te r tan gg al w ak tu N am a fil e

(3)

ln –s /FULLPATH/fileAsli /FULLPATH/fileDuplikat

P ilih an –s(shortcu t) m eru p ak a n b en tu k soft link dim ana ju m lah link count pada file asal tid a k ak a n b eru b ah . P ad a b en tu k soft link, symbolic link d ap at d ilak u k a n p ad a file y an g tid ak ad a, sed an g k a n p ad a hard link tid a k d im u n g k in k an . P erb ed aa n lain , symbolic link d ap at d ib en tu k m elalu i m e d ia d isk atau p artisi y an g b erb ed a d en g an soft link, tetap i p ad a hard link terb ata s p ad a p artisi disk yan g sam a.

M E L IH A T IS I F IL E

U n tu k m elih a t jen is file m en g gu n ak a n fo rm a t : file filename(s)

Isi file ak a n d ilap o rk a n d en g a n d esk rip si lev el tin g gin sep erti co n to h b erik u t $ file myprog.c coba.txt webpage.html

myprog.c: C program text

coba.txt: ASCII text

webpage.html: HTML document text

P erinta h in i d ap at digu n ak a n secara lu as u ntu k file y an g k ad an g m em b in gu n gk an , m isaln y a antara ko d e C + + d an Jav a.

M E N C A R I FIL E

Jik a in g in m elih at b a g aim a n a p o h o n d irek to ri d ap at d ig u n ak an p erin tah

 find

F o rm a t : find directory –name targetfile -print

A k an m elih at file yan g b ern am a targetfile(b isa b eru p a k arak te r w ild card )

 w h ic h

F o rm a t : which command

U n tu k m en g etah u i letak sy ste m u tility

 locate

F o rm a t : locate string

A kan m e n cari file p ad a sem u a d irecto ri d en g a n leb ih cep at d a n d itam p ilk a n d en g an p ath y an g p en u h .

M E N C A R I T E X T P A D A FIL E

U n tu k m en cari tex t p ad a file d ig u n ak a n p erin ta h gre p (General Regular Expression Print) d en g an fo rm at p erin tah

grep option pattern files

G rep ak an m en cari file yan g b ern am a sesu a i p attern yan g dib erik a n d an ak an m en am pilka n baris yan g sesu ai.

(4)

PERCOBAAN

Sebelum melakukan percobaan berikut pastikan posisi pointer aktif di dalam user masing-masing (contoh user yaitu ariya), contoh:

[ariya@labmm ~]$

Jika belum pasti coba ketikkan perintahcd ~ lalu ketik lagi perintah pwd : [ariya@labmm ~]$ cd ~ [ariya@labmm ~]$ pwd /home/ariya [ariya@labmm ~]$

D irek tory

1 . M elih at d irek to ri H O M E $ pwd $ echo $HOME Hasil percobaan:

2 . M elih at d irek to ri ak tu a l d an p aren t d irek to ri $ pwd $ cd . $ pwd $ cd .. $ pwd $ cd Hasil percobaan:

3 . M em b u a t satu d irek to ri, leb ih d ari satu d irek to ri ata u su b d irek to ri $ pwd

$ mkdir A B C A/D A/E B/F A/D/A $ ls -l

$ ls -l A $ ls -l A/D

(5)

4 . M enghap u s satu ata u leb ih d irek to ri h an y a d ap a t d ilak u k a n p ad a d irek to ri k o so n g d a n h an y a d ap at d ih ap u s o le h p em ilik n y a k ecu ali b ila d ib erik a n ijin ak sesn y a

$ rmdir B (T erd ap at p esan erro r, m en gap a ?) $ ls -l B

$ rmdir B/F B

$ ls -l B (T erd ap at p esan error, m e n g ap a ?)

Hasil percobaan:

5 . N avig asi d irek to ri d en g a n in stru k si cd u n tu k p in d ah d ari satu d irek to ri k e direktori lain. $ pwd $ ls -l $ cd A $ pwd $ cd .. $ pwd $ cd /home/<user>/C $ pwd

$ cd /<user/C (T erd ap a t p esa n erro r, m en g ap a ?) $ pwd

Hasil percobaan:

M an ip u lasi file

1 . P erintah cp un tu k men g k o p i file atau selu ru h d ire k to ri $ cat > test

Membuat sebuah file [Ctrl-d]

(6)

$ ls -l $ cp test A $ ls –l A

$ cp test test2 A/D $ ls –l A/D

Hasil percobaan:

2 . P erintah mvuntu k m em indah file $ mv test test3

$ ls -l

$ mv test2 test3 A/D $ ls –l A/D

$ mv test test2 C $ ls –l C

Hasil percobaan:

3 . P erinta hrmu ntu k m en gh ap u s file $ rm test3 $ ls -l $ rm –i test $ rm –rf A C $ ls -l Hasil percobaan:

S ym b o lic L in k

1 . M em b u a t sh o rtcu t (file link )

$ echo "Hallo apa khabar" > halo.txt $ ls -l

$ ln halo.txt z $ ls -l

(7)

$ cat z $ mkdir mydir $ ln z mydir/halo.juga $ cat mydir/halo.juga $ ln -s z bye.txt $ ls -l bye.txt $ cat bye.txt Hasil percobaan:

M elih a t Isi F ile

$ ls –l $ file halo.txt $ file bye.txt Hasil percobaan:

M en cari file

1 . P erinta h find

$ find /home –name “*.txt” –print > myerror.txt

$ cat myerror.txt

$ find . –name “*.txt” –exec wc –l ‘{}’ ‘;’

Hasil percobaan:

2 . P erinta h w h ich $ which ls

(8)

Hasil percobaan:

3 . P erinta h lo cate

$ locate “*.txt”

Hasil percobaan:

M en cari tex t p a d a file

$ grep Hallo *.txt

(9)

TUGAS

1. A p a y an g d im ak su d p erin ta h-p erin ta h d irek to r y :pwd, cd, mkdir, rmdir. 2. A p a y an g d im ak su d p e rin ta h-p erinta h m an ip ulas i file : cp, mv dan rm (sertak an

fo rm at y an g d ig u n ak an )

3. Jelask an p erb ed aan S ymbolic link m en ggu n ak a n hard link (direct) dan so ft link (indirect).