STUDI PENDAHULUAN PENINGKATAM KECEPATAN MELARUT TOLBUTAMIDA DENGAN SISTEM DISPERSI SOLIDA TOLBUTAMIDA - XYLITOL

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SKR I P SI

RUBIANI HENDARTA

S

TUDI PENDAHULUAN PENINGKATAM

KECEPATAN MELARUT TOLBUTAMIDA

DENGAN SISTEM DISPERSI SOLIDA

TOLBUTAMIDA - XYLITOL

F A K U L T A S F A R M A S 1

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STUD I PENDARULUAN P E N IN O K A TA N KECEPATAN

MELARUT TOLBUTAM IDA DENGAN S IS T E M

D I S P E R S I , S O L ID A T O L B U T A M ID A -X Y L IT O L

S K R I P S I

D IB U A T UNTUK MEMENUHI TU G A S A K H IR

M EN CAPAI GELAR S A R J A N A F A R M A S I

PADA FA K U LTAS F A R M A S I

U N IV E R S IT A S A IR L A N G G A

1 9 8 7

o l e h

R U B IA N I HENDARTA

0 5 8 2 1 0 4 7 8

m

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:

D r s . A . RADJARAM

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

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BAB V I . KESIKPULAN

BAB V I I .

SARAH-I

BAB V I I I . RINGKASAN

D AFTAR LAMPIRAN

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G a m b a r : h a l .

1 4 . P r o f i l k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t s u b s t a n s i t o l b u t a m i d a ,

c a m p u r a n f i s i s d a n s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a p a d a

p e r b a n d i n g a n E ^ , E £ , d a n T X ... 4 3

D A F T A R GAMRAR

( l a n j u t a n )

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-BAB I I

T IN J A U A N PUSTAKA

I . K e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t

B i l a s u a t u o b a t d i b e r i k a n p e r O r a l d a l a m b e n t u k

p a d a t , m i s a l n y a t a b l e t , k a p s u l a t a u s u s p e n s i ; a t a u s e 

c a r a i n t r a m u s c u l a r s e p e r t i p e l l e t , a t a u s u s p e n s i , m a k a

d i d a p a t k a n b a h w a k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t d a r i b a h a n o b a t n y a

a k a n m e n ^ o n 'o r b l k e c e p a t a n a b s o r b s i n y a . D e n g a n k a t a .. .

l a i n , k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t m e r u p a k a n t a h a p y a n g p a l i n g

l a m b a t a t a u t a h a p y a n g m e n e n t u k a n a b s o r b s i o b a t ( 1 7 ) *

P e r i s t i w a h a n c u r , m e l a r u t s a m p a i p r o s e s a b s o r b s i

o b a t k e d a l a m d a r a h d a p a t d i g a m b a r k a n s e b a g a i s k e m a

b e r i k u t ( 1 8 ) :

K a p s u l / t a b l e t g r a n u l / a g r e g a t s e r b u k

o b a t d a l a m l a r u t a n

a b s o r b s i

N

f

o b a t d a l a m d a r a h , j a r i n g a n ,

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7

-d t “ K * S * c s (

2

)

D a r i r u m u s d i a t a s d a p a t d i l i h a t b a h w a k e c e p a t a n m e l a 

r u t o b a t b e r b a n d i n g l u r u s d e n g a n l u a s p e r m u k a a n p a r t i 

k e l y a n g k o n t a k d e n g a n p e l a r u t ( S ) d art k e l a r u t a n b a h a n

o b a t t e r s e b u t ( c ) .

s

1 . 1 . U k u r a n p a r t i k e l

B e r d a s a r k a n p e r s a m a a n N o y e s - W h i t n e y , k e c e p a t a n

d i s o l u s i b e r b a n d i n g l a n g s u n g d e n g a n l u a s p e r m u k a a n b a 

h a n o b a t y a n g k o n t a k d e n g a n p e l a r u t , m a k a u k u r a n p a r t i 

k e l i n i a k a n m e m p e n g a r u h i k e c e p a t a n d i s o l u s i d a n j u m l a h

o b a t y a n g t e r a b s o r b s i . H a l i n i t e r u t a m a u n t u k b a h a n o b a t

y a n g s u k a r l a r u t , d e n g a n m e m p e r k e c i l u k u r a n p a r t i k e l b a 

h a n o b a t a k a n m e n i n g k a t k a n l u a s p e r m u k a a n b a h a n o b a t y g

k o n t a k d e n g a n m e d i a d i s o l u s i , a k i b a t n y a k e c e p a t a n d i s o

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8

-G a m b a r 1 : E f e k u k u r a n p a r t i k e l t e r h a d a p p e n i n g k a t a n

k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t f e n a s e t i n d a l a m c a i r a n

l a m b u n g .

Pacta g a m b a r 1 t e r l i h a t b a h w a p a r t i k e l d e n g a n u k u r a n 0 , 1 1

-0 , 15

rani t e r n y a t a m e m p u n y a i k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t +

1 - 2

k a l i

X e b i h b e s a r d a r i p a d a p a r t i k e l d e n g a n u k u r a n

0 , 50

-

0, 71

mm,

( 1 7 ) S e l a n j u t n y a P r e s c o t d k k . p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 0 m e l a p o r k a n

t e n t a n g p s n g a r u h u k u r a n p a r t i k e l t e r h a d a p b i o a v a i l a b i l i t a s

o b a t .

G a m b a r 2 : E f e k u k u r a n p a r t i k e l t e r h a d a p p e n i n g k a t a n a b 

s o r b s ! f e n a s e t i n d a l a m p l a s m a .

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1 5

-I -I . 1 . C a m p u r a n e u t e k t i k s e d e r h a n a

P a d a p e r b a n d i n g a n t e r t e n t u c a m p u r a n d u a s e n y a w a

d a p a t m e m b e n t u k c a m p u r a n e u t e k t i k . C a m p u r a n e u t e k t i k

a d a l a h c a m p u r a n d a r i d u a s e n y a w a y a n g p a d a p e r b a n d i n g a n

t e r t e n t u m e m p u n y a i s u h u l e b u r r e n d a h .

G a m b a r 4 : D i a g r a m f a s a c a m p u r a n e u t e k t i k

d u a s e n y a w a A d a n B .

P a d a g a m b a r d i a t a s t e r l i h a t b i l a d u a s e n y a w a A d a n B d i

-c a m p u r p a d a p e r b a n d i n g a n t e r t e n t u ( y ^ , a k a n m e m b e n t u k

c a m p u r a n e u t e k t i k ( 5 ) y a n g m e m p u n y a i s u h u y a n g l e b i h

r e n d a h (t^ ) d a r i p a d a s u h u k e d u a s e n y a w a A d a n B .

I I . 2 . L a r u t a n p a d a t ( “ s o l i d s o l u t i o n 11) .

•L a r u t a n p a d a t a d a l a h s u a t u s i s t e m f a s a t u n g g a l

y a n g h o m o g e n y a n g m e r u p a k a n c a m p u r a n k r i s t a l .

B a h a n o b a t s u k a r l a r u t y a n g d i c a m p u r d e n g a n s u a t u p e m 

b a w a m udafc l a r u t d a n b i l a c a m p u r a n t e r s e b u t m e m b e n t u k

l a r u t a n p a d a t , m aka'. b a h a n o b a t t e r s e b u t a k a n t e r d i s p e r

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1 &

-I -I . 3 * S e n y a v c d e n g a n t i t i k l e b u r k o n g r u e n .

G a m b a r 5 : d i a g r a m f a s a s e n y a w a d e n g a n t i t i k

l e b u r k o n g r u e n d a r i s e n y a w a A d a n B

S u a t u s e n y a w a b i n e r d a r i k o m p o n e n A d a n B ( A B ) d i k a t a

k a n m e l e b u r s e c a r a k o n g r u e n b i l a c a m p u r a n t e r s e b u t m e

-l e b u r p a d a s u h u t e r t e n t u ( T ^ g ) d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i y a n g

t e t a p . D i a g r a m d i a t a s d a p a t d i b a g i m e n j a d i d u a d i a g r a m

f a s a , y a i t u a n t a r a A d e n g a n A B d a n

A&

d e n g a n B . S e h i n g g a

A B d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i s u a t u s e n y a w a .

1 1 , 4 * S e n y a w a d e n g a n t i t i k l e b u r i n k o n g r u e n .

S u a t u s e n y a w a b i n e r d i k a t a k a n m e l e b u r s e c a r a i n :

-k o n g r u e n b i l a p a d a t e m p e r a t u r t e r t e n t u s e n y a w a t e r s e 

b u t t e r u r a i m e n j a d i f a s a p a d a t d a n l e b u r a n d e n g a n k o m 

p o s i s i y a n g b e r b e d a .

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1 7

-G a m b a r

6

: D i a g r a m f a s a s e n y a w a d e n g a n t i t i k l e b u r

i n k o n g r u e n d a r i s e n y a w a A d a n B .

G a m b a r d i a t a s m e n u n j u k k a n s e n y a w a

Kb

t e r u r a i p a d a t e m

-p e r a t u r m e n j a d i z a t p a d a t A d a n l e b u r a n d e n g a n k o m

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2 0

-X y l i t o l d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p e m a n i s p a d a p e n d e r i t a

d i a b e t e s , k a r e n a X y l i t o l t i d a k m e n y e b a b k a n p e n i n g k a t a n

g u l a d a r a h .

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2 6

-k e d a l a m b e j a n a d i s o l u s i y a n g b e r i s i

200

m l m e d i a d i

s o l u s i d a n d i a d u k d e n g a n p e n g a d u k m a g n e t . S e l a m a p e r

c o b a a n s u h u d i p e r t a h a n k a n 3 7 ° + Q , 5 # C . G u p l i k a n d i a m

-b i l s e -b a n y a k

3

m l s e t i a p w a k t u t e r t e n t u , y a i t u

2

,

5

;

5

;

10

; 1 5 ;

20

;

30

; 4 5 ;

60

;

90

m e n i t . K e m u d i a n

k a d a r t o l b u t a m i d a d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n s p e k t r o p h o t o m e t e r

p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s im u m .

1 1 1 . 5 * 6 , P e n e n t u a n h o m o g e n i t a s k a d a r s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a

T i m b a n g s e k s a m a 1 0 m g c a m p u r a n d i s p e r s i s o l i d a

k e m u d i a n d i l a r u t k a n d a l a m

5

m l e t a n o l s e t e l a h i t u d i 

t a m b a h k a n a i r s u l i n g s a m p a i 1 0 0 , 0 m l . D i p i p e t 3 * 0 m l

l a r u t a n d a n d i t a m b a h k a n a i r s u l i n g s a m p a i

25, 0

m l .

K e m u d ia n k a d a r t o l b u t a m i d a d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n s p e k t r o 

p h o t o m e t e r p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s im u m .

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3 0

-G a m b a r 7 : D i a g r a m f a s a T o l b u t a m i d a - X y l i t o l

h a s i l p e r h i t u n g a n d a r i t e r m o g r a m DSC

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3 1

-I -I -I . H a s i l p e m e r i k s a a n K r o m a t o g r a f i L a p i s a n T i p i s

H a s i l p e r c o b a a n d e n g a n K r o m a t o g r a f i L a p i s a n t i p i s

m e n u n j u k k a n :

T i n g g i n o d a s u b s t a n s i t o l b u t a m i d a = 5 * 5 cm

T i n g g i n o d a d i s p e r s i s o l i d a t o l b u t a m i d a : x y l i t o l 3 0 : 7 0 ,

t o l b u t a m i d a : x y l i t o l 4 5 : 5 5 > t o l b u t a m i d a : x y l i t o l 7 0 : 3 0 =

5 , 5 c m .

T i n g g i p e l a r u t = 8 cm .

R f = 0 , 6 8

G a m b a r 8 : K r o m a t o g r a f i L a p i s a n T i p i s p a d a a n a l i s a

k u a l i t a t i f t e r h a d a p c a m p u r a n d i s p e r s i s o 

l i d a y a n g t e r p i l i h .

S t = s u b s t a n s i t o l b u t a m i d a

A = t o l b u t a m i d a : x y l i t o l 3 0 : 7 0

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-n

i

l

a

i

a

b

s

o

r

b

s

i

3 3

-A * (n m )

G a m b a r 9 : K u r v a a b s o r b s i t e r h a d a p p a n j a n g

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-3 5

-•H

m

&

U

o

0 3

&

aj

•H

aJ

H

•H G

k o n s e n t r a s i l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a ( U g / m l )

G a m b a r 1 0 : K u r v a a b s o r b s i t e r h a d a p k o n s e n t r a s i

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3 7

-T a b e l I X

J u m la h k a d a r t e r l a r u t d a r i c a m p u r a n f i s i s

d a n s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a t o l b u t a m i d a : x y l i t o l =

3 0 : 7 0 .

W a k t u

( m e n i t )

K a d a r t e r l a r u t ( m g / 1 0 0 m l )

C a m p u r a n f i s i s d i s p e r s i s o l i d a

2 , 5 2 1 5 , 1 7 3 7 3 , 6 0

5 2 7 8 , 0 2 4 1 3 , 4 2

1 0 3 0 9 , 3 1 4 1 8 , 5 2

1 5 3 2 0 , 5 0 4 1 8 , 5 2

2 0 3 3 5 , 2 0 4 1 8 , 5 2

3 0 3 5 3 , 1 9 4 1 8 , 5 2

4 5 3 5 8 , 3 4 4 1 8 , 5 2

6 0 3 6 5 , 0 4 4 1 8 , 5 2

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3 8

-T a b e l X

J u m la h k a d a r t e r l a r u t d a r i c a m p u r a n f i s i s d a n

s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a t o l b u t a m i d a : x y l i t o l =

4 5 : 5 5

W a k t u

( m e n i t )

K a d a r t e r l a r u t ( m g / 1 0 0 m l )

c a m p u r a n f i s i s d i s p e r s i s o l i d a

2 , 5 1 4 4 , 2 3 3 4 2 , 7 9

5 2 2 7 , 1 3 3 8 3 , 8 3

1 0 _{3 1 7 , 3 1} _{3 8 7 , 4 0}

1 5 3 5 6 , 4 0 3 8 7 , 4 0

2 0 _{3 6 2 , 1 5} 3 8 7 , 4 0

3 0 _{3 6 2 , 1 5} 3 8 7 , 4 0

4 5 3 6 2 , 1 5 3 8 7 , 4 0

6 0 3 6 2 , 1 5 3 8 7 , 4 0

9 0 _{3 6 2 , 1 5} 3 8 7 , 4 0

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4 0

-<v>

t

8

G a m b a r 11 : P r o f i l k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t s u b s t a n s i t o l b u 

t a m i d a , c a m p u r a n f i s i s d a n d i s p e r s i s o l i d a

p a d a p e r b a n d i n g a n

K e t e r a n g a n g a m b a r :

« - -- -- -- -- • s u b s t a n s i t o l b u t a m i d a

■ --- » c a m p u r a n f i s i s

a

-

---

a

s i s t e m d i s p e r s i . s o l i d a T : X = 3 0 : 7 0

- - - k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a d a l a m m e d i a d i s o l u s i

— • — • — k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a d a l a m l a r u t a n

10%

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- 4 1

%

8

tTTi

G a m b a r 1 2 : P r o f i l k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t s u b s t a n s i t o l 

b u t a m i d a , c a m p u r a n f i s i s d a n d i s p e r s i

s o l i d a p a d a p e r b a n d i n g a n T X .

K e t e r a n g a n g a m b a r

— • — i

s u b s t a n s i t o l b u t a m i d a

c a m p u r a n f i s i s

s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a T : X = 4 5 : 5 5

k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a d a l a m m e d i a d i s o l u s i

k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a d a l a m l a r u t a n

55%

x y l i t o l

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4 2

-*

8

G a m b a r 1 3 : P r o f i l k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t s u b s t a n s i t o l 

b u t a m i d a , c a m p u r a n f i s i s d a n d i s p e r s i

s o l i d a p a d a p e r b a n d i n g a n E ^ .

K e t e r a n g a n g a m b a r :

> » s u b s t a n s i i t o l b u t a m i d a

* — ■ c a m p u r a n f i s i s

* —

a s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a T : X = 7 0 : 3 0

--- k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a d a l a m m e d i a d i s o l u s i

k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a d a l a m l a r u t a n

30%

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(60)

4 9

B e r d a s a r k a n d a t a b a h w a k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t d a r i ca m

-p u r a n f i s i s l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i -p a d a s i s t e m d i s -p e r s i s o l i d a

d a n x y l i . t o l d a p a t m e n a i k k a n k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a , m a k a

d a p a t d i d u g a b a h w a m e k a n i s m e k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t t o l b u t a 

m id a d a l a m s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a d i s e b a b k a n a d a n y a d i s 

p e r s i m o l e k u l t o l b u t a m i d a d a l a m p e m b a w a y a n g m u d a h l a r u t ,

s e h i n g g a p a r t i k e l n y a l e b i h k e c i l s e r t a a d a n y a p e m b a w a y a n g

b e r s i f a t s e b a g a i s o l u b i l i z i n g a g e n t .

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5 0

-' BAB. V I

KESIM PULAN

D a r i d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a :

1 . K e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a p a d a c a m p u r a n E £ l e b i h b e s a r

d a r i c a m p u r a n d a n T X .

2 . M a k i n b a n y a k k a d a r x y l i t o l m a k i n b e s a r k e l a r u t a n d a n

k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t d a r i t o l b u t a m i d a *

3 . M e k a n i s m e p e n i n g k a t a n k e c e p a t a n m e l a r u t p a d a d i s p e r s i

s o l i d a :

- p e n g e c i l a n u k u r a n p a r t i k e l t o l b u t a m i d a

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5 1

-BAB V I I

SARAN :

D a r i h a s i l y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a p a t d i s a r a n k a n :

1 . K a r e n a b e r d a s a r k a n d i a g r a m f a s a , T X d i d u g a s u a t u s e n y a 

w a , m a k a d i s a r a n k a n u n t u k d i t e l i t i l e b i h l a n j u t a n t a r a

l a i n d e n g a n d i f r a k s i s i n a r - X , m e r a h i n f r a .

2 . M e l i h a t b e s a r n y a p e n i n g k a t a n k e l a r u t a n t o l b u t a m i d a p a d a

s i s t e m d i s p e r s i s o l i d a , p e r l u d i t e l i t i p e n u r u n a n k a d a r

g u l a d a r a h p a d a b i n a t a n g p e r c o b a a n m a u p u n m a n u s i a .

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