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THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

FOR UNDERSTANDING

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

FOR UNDERSTANDING

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

MK Pengantar Hubungan Internasional, Semester Genap 2014-2015

Program Sarjana Reguler

Departemen Hubungan Internasional FISIP Universitas Indonesia

MK Pengantar Hubungan Internasional, Semester Genap 2014-2015

Program Sarjana Reguler

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R E A L I S M

1. States

are the principal or most

important actors

2. The state is viewed as a

unitary

actor

3. The state is essentially a

rational

actor

4. National security

is usually tops the list

of priority; thus

military

and related

political issues dominate world politics;

and

power

is a key concept

1. States

are the principal or most

important actors

2. The state is viewed as a

unitary

actor

3. The state is essentially a

rational

actor

4. National security

is usually tops the list

of priority; thus

military

and related

(4)

L I B E R A L I S M

L I B E R A L I S M

It acknowledges the variety of actors in

international politics, including non-state actors: transnational actors (MNCs, NGOs,

IGOs) and sub-state actors (local government, businesses, individuals)

There are multiple issues that are of interests

to the actors, including economic, ideological, religious and cultural issues

The use of military power is harmful for the

multiple interests of states and other actors

It acknowledges the variety of actors in

international politics, including non-state actors: transnational actors (MNCs, NGOs,

IGOs) and sub-state actors (local government, businesses, individuals)

There are multiple issues that are of interests

to the actors, including economic, ideological, religious and cultural issues

The use of military power is harmful for the

(5)

I D E A L I S M

1. Morals and values, not state interests, should and do shape individual and state behavior

2. Humans are basically good, and it is social institutions that drive them to immoral acts, thus perfecting social institutions is the key to promoting cooperation and peace in the

global society

3. States joint IGOs to promote a value and avoids something morally questionable

1. Morals and values, not state interests, should and do shape individual and state behavior

2. Humans are basically good, and it is social institutions that drive them to immoral acts, thus perfecting social institutions is the key to promoting cooperation and peace in the

global society

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P L U R A L I S M

1. Non-state actors are important entities in

international relations that cannot be ignored 2. The state is not a unitary actor. It is because

state is composed of individual bureaucrats,

interest groups, and individuals that attempt to formulate or influence foreign policy

3. Foreign policy DMP is the result of clashes, bargaining and compromise among different actors

4. The agenda of international politics is extensive 1. Non-state actors are important entities in

international relations that cannot be ignored 2. The state is not a unitary actor. It is because

state is composed of individual bureaucrats,

interest groups, and individuals that attempt to formulate or influence foreign policy

3. Foreign policy DMP is the result of clashes, bargaining and compromise among different actors

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G L O B A L I S M

G L O B A L I S M

1. Global context within which states and other entities interact is the starting point of analysis for international relations

2. It is imperative to view international relations from a historical perspective -> world

capitalist system perspective)

3. Typically concerned with the development and maintenance of dependency relations among Northern (industrialized) States and the (poor, industrially backward) Third World

1. Global context within which states and other entities interact is the starting point of analysis for international relations

2. It is imperative to view international relations from a historical perspective -> world

capitalist system perspective)

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C O N S T R U C T I V I S M

1. It supports the idea that the physical world is much less important than the social world

and that important parts of the physical world are actually constructed by, the social world. 2. It is more interested in understanding shared

subjective meanings than the objectives 3. Identities and interests of states are not

independent of, and are constructed by their interactions.

1. It supports the idea that the physical world is much less important than the social world

and that important parts of the physical world are actually constructed by, the social world. 2. It is more interested in understanding shared

subjective meanings than the objectives 3. Identities and interests of states are not

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F E M I N I S M

F E M I N I S M

1. Arguing that international relations theorizing is largely based on masculine assumptions

and reasoning (construction) of global politics 2. Propose liberal approach, but reject the

liberal philosophy of individual interests, as opposed to community interests.

3. Women are inherently different from men in ways that make their contributions to world politics differ greatly

1. Arguing that international relations theorizing is largely based on masculine assumptions

and reasoning (construction) of global politics 2. Propose liberal approach, but reject the

liberal philosophy of individual interests, as opposed to community interests.

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References

Paul R. Viotti & Mark V. Kauppi (1993).

International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism. New York: Macmillan Publishing

Juyliet Kaarbo & James Lee Ray (2011),

Global Politics, 10th Edition. Boston: Wadsworth

Martin Griffiths and Terry O’ Callagan. (2002).

International Relations: The Key Concepts.

Referensi

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