47
DAFTARPUSTAKA
Adams, Martin `R., Maurice O. Moss. 2008. Food Microbiology Third Edition. RSC Publishing. Guildford, UK.
Afriani Y, Fadli A, Maulana S, Karina I. 2016. Sintesis , Kinetika reaksi dan aplikasi kitin dari cangkang udang : Paper Conference, Review. Universitas Riau.
Pekanbaru Riau.
Afridiana N. 2011. Recovery Glukosamin Hidroklorida dari Cangkang Udang Melalui Hidrolisis Kimiawi Sebagai Bahan Sediaan Suplemen Osteoarthritis. Skripsi.
Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Agustina, W. 2005. Penentuan Kondisi Optimum Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Xilanase Isolat AQ. Skripsi. IPB. Bogor.
Agustina S., Swantara, M.D., Suartha, I.N. 2015. Isolasi kitin, karakterisasi dan sintesis kitosan kulit udang. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universitas Udayana. Bali.
Agustiyani, D dan H. Imamuddin. 2000. Pertumbuhan kultur mikroba campuran pada senyawa amonium. Proseding Seminar Nasional Biologi XVI dan Konggres Nasional Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia (PBI) XII, ITB Bandung.
Aiba, S. and Muraki, E. 1999. Preparation of Higher N-Acetylchitooligosaccharides in High Yields. Rita Advertising Co. Ltd. Taiwan.
Anderson, R.K.I. and K. Jayaraman. 2003. Influence of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var Galleriae for Biopesticide Production. Chemichal and Biochemichal Engineering. Q. 17(3):
225–231.
Arif AR, Ischaidar, Natsir H, Dali S. 2013. Isolasi kitin dari limbah udang putih(Penaeus merguiensis) secara enzimatis. Peran Sains dan Teknologi dalamMendukung Ketahanan Pangan dan Energi Nasional (hal. 10-16). Makasar(ID): Seminar Nasional Kimia
Arnold, L.D. & Solomon. 1986. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology.
American Society for Microbiology, Washington.
Aslak, E., Hans Grasdalen and Kjell M, Varum. 2007. Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Chitin/Chitosan Oligomers In Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid. Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory. Department of Biotechnology. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Norway.
Aunpad, R dan Panbamgard, W. 2003. Cloning and characterization of the constitutively expressed chitinase C gene from a marine bacterium Salinivibrio costicola strain 5SM-1. Journal Bioengineering. 96 (6): 529-536.
48
Austin P.R, Brine C.J, Castle J.E ; 1981.Chitin: New Facets of Research. Science. 212, 749-753.
A. S. Rathore and R. D. Gupta. 2015. Chitinases from Bacteria to Human: Properties, Applications, and Future Perspectives. New Delhi. Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India.
Baker KF & Cook RJ. 1974. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. San Fransisco:
Freeman and Company.
Barrow,G.I,.and R.K.A.Feltham. 1993. Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria Third Edition. Syndicate of the University of Cambridge:
United Kingdom.
Binod, P., Sandhya, C., Suma, P., Szakacs, G., Pandey, A. 2007. Fungal biosynthesis of endochitinase and chitobiase in solid state fermentation and their application for the production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamin from colloidal chitin. Bioresource Technology 98: 2742-2748.
Bollag, D.M., S.J. Edelstein. (1991). Protein Methods. Switzerland. Wiley-Liss Inc.
Bowra, B.J dan Dilworth, M.J. 1981. Motility and chernotaxis towards sugars in Rhirobium leguminosarium. Journal Genetical Microbiology. 126: 231-235.
Brzezinska, M.S. & W. Donderski. 2001. Occurrence and Activity of the Chitinolytic Bacteria of Aeromonas Genus. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 10:
2731.
Budiani, A., Santoso, D.A., Susanti, I.Mawardi S., dan Siswanto. 2004. Ekspresi beta-1,3 Glukanase dan Kitinase pada Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.) Tahan dan Rentan Karat Daun. Jurnal Menara Perkebunan. 72 (2): 57-71.
Budiman, A dan Setyawan, S 2010. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Substrat, LamaInkubasi dan pH dalam Proses Isolasi Enzim Xylanase denganMenggunakan Media Jerami padi. Jurnal Teknik Kimia. 11: 1-11.
Chakrabortty, S., S. Bhattacharya, and A. Das. 2012. Optimization of Process Parameters for Chitinase Production by a Marine Isolate of Serratia marcescens.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 2(2): 2230-7605.
Chandra, P.B. 2012. Optimasi Produksi Enzim Selulase dari Bacillus sp. BPPT CC RK2 dengan Variasi Suhu, Ph Menggunakan Response Surface Method. Skripsi.
Fakultas Teknik UI : Jakarta.
Chang, E.H., Chung, R.E., and Tsai, Y.H. 2007. Effect of Different Application Rates of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Population. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Article. 53: 132-140.
49
Cheba, A. B., Zaghloul, I.T, El-Mahdy, R.A, El-Massry, H.M. 2017. Effect of pH and Temperature on Bacillus sp. R2 Chitinase Activity and Stability. International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. Elsevier. 22 : 471-477.
Cheba, A. B., Zaghloul, I.T, El-Mahdy, R.A, El-Massry, H.M. 2018. Effect of Nitrogen Source and Fermentation Conditions on Bacillus sp. R2 Chitinase Production.
International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. Elsevier. 22 : 280- 287.
Chen, H.C., Hsu, M.F., Jiang, S.T. 1997. Purification and characterization of an exoN, N- diacetylchitobiohydrolase-like enzyme from Cellumonas flavigena NTOU1.
Enzyme Microbial Technology. 20: 191-197.
Chernin, LS., Winson, MK., Thompson, JM., Haran, S., Bycroft, BW., Chet, I., Williams, P and Stwart, GSAB. 1998. Chitinolytic activity in Chromobacterium violaceum: substrateanalysis, and regulation by quorum sensing. J Bacteriology 180: 4435- 4441.
Claus D and Berkeley CW. 1986. Endospore-Forming Rods and Cocci. Dalam: NR Krieg
& JG Jolt (ed.), Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore: 529–551.
Countino, L.R., M.C. Marı ´n-Cervantes, S. Huerta., S. Revah., and K. Shirai. 2006.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chitin In The Production of Oligosaccharides Using Lecanicillium Fungicola Chitinases. Process Biochemistry. 41(1): 1106-1110.
Cowan and Steel. 1974. Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. Cambridge University Press, London.
Dahiya, N., Tewari, R., Tiwari, R.P and Hoondal, G.S. 2005. Chitinase from Enterobacter sp. NRG4: its purification, characterization and reaction pattern. Electrictronic Journal of Biotechnologyg. 8 (2): 134-135.
Dhananjaya, G.I. 2018. Pengaruh pH, Suhu dan Jenis Substrat Terhadap Aktivitas Kitinase Bbacillus cereus SMG 1.1. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian UGM : Yogyakarta.
Dilworth, M.J., McKay, I.A., Franklin, M., Glenn, A.R. 1983. Catabolite effects on enzyme induction and substrate utilization in Rhirobium leguminosarium.
Journal Genetical Microbiology. 129: 359-366.
Edward, J.D., Kaimudin, M., Dewa, R.P. 2016. Isolation of chitin and chitosan from waste of skin shrimp. E-Journal Kemenperin. Majalah BIAM. 12(01): 32-38.
Ferniah RS, S Purwantisari, S Pujiyanto.2003.Uji Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik Sebagai Pengendali Hayati Patogen Kapang Penyebab Penyakit Tanaman Kentang
50
(Solanum tuberosum). Semarang: Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Diponegoro.
Fitri, L dan Y. Yasmin. 2011. Isolasi dan Pengamatan Morfologi Koloni Bakteri Kitinolitik. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, Biologi Edukasi, 3(2): 20- 25.
Fohcher, B., Naggi, A., Tarri, G., Cosami, A. and Terbojevich, M. (1992). Structural differences between chitin polymorhs and their precipitates from solution evidences from CP-MAS 13 CNMR, FTIR and FTRaman Spectroscopy.
Carbohidratepolymer. 17 (2):97-102.
Gaman, P. M. & Sherrington. (1994). Ilmu Pangan, Pengantar Ilmu Pangan Nutrisi dan Mikrobiologi edisi 2. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Gooday, G.W. 1990. Physiology of Microbial Degradation of Chitin and Chitosan.
Biodegradation. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Netherland.
Gonzales, A.G., Herrador, M.A., and Asuero, A.G. 2010. Intra-Laboratory Assesment of Method Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) by Using Validation Standards.
Atalanta. 82: 1995-1998.
Grisham, Charles M.; and Reginald H. Garrett. 1999. Biochemistry. Saunders College Pub. Philadelphia. Pp. 42:6–7.
Hadiwiyoto, S, 1993. Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan. Penerbit Liberty, Yogyakarta.
Haliza W. dan Suhartono M.T. 2012. Karakteristik Kitinase dari Mikrobia. Buletin Teknologi Pascapanen Pertanian 8:1.
Hamid, R., Minhaj A.K., Mahboob A., Malik M., Malik Z., Javed M., Saleem J.2013.
Chitinases: An update. Journal of Pharmacy and BioAllied Sciences. 5: 21-9.
Hargono, A. dan I. Sumantri. 2008. Pembuatan Kitosan dari Limbah Cangkang Udang serta Aplikasinya dalam Mereduksi Kolesterol Lemak Kambing. Reaktor. 12 (1): 53-57.
Harman, G.E., C.K. Hayes, M. Lorito, R.M. Broadway, A. Di Pietro, C. Peterbauer and A. Tronsmo. 1993. Chytinolytic Enzymes of Trichoderma harziamum : Purification of Chitobiosidase and Endochitinase. Phytopathology 83: 313-318.
Herdyastuti, N., Raharjo, T.J., Mudasir., Matsjeh, S. 2009. Chitinase and Chitinolytic Mikroorganism: Isolation, Charaterization and Potensial. Journal Chemistry.
9:1, 37-47.
Hsu, S. C. and J.L. Lockwood. 1975. Powdered Chitin Agar as a Selective Medium for Enumeration of Actinomycetes in Water and Soil. Applied Microbiology.
29(3):422-426.
51
Ingle, M.B., Boyer, E.W. 1985. In Bacillus. Springer Business Media LCC. United Kingdom.
Iswari, R, S dan Yuniastuti, A. 2006. Biokimia. Yogyakarta. Graha Ilmu.
Iswendi. 2009. Penentuan Aktivitas Amilase dari Umbi Bengkoang (Pachyrrizus arosus L.Urb) Hasil Ekstraksi Etanol dan Asam Sulfat. Padang : Sainstek Vol.XII Nomor 1.
Jayanti, R.T., 2011, Pengaruh pH, Suhu Hidrolisis Enzim Α-Amilase dan Konsentrasi Ragi Roti untuk Produksi Etanol Menggunakan Pati Bekatul, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
Jeen, K.C., Chia, S.R., Chao, L.L. 2010. N-acetylglucosamine: Production and Applications, Journal Marine Drugs 2493-2516. Taiwan.
Kalil, M.S., H.S. Alshiyab and W.M.W. Yusoff. 2012. Effect of Nnitrogen Source and Carbon to Nitrogen ratio on Hydrogen Production using C. Acetobutylicum.
American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 4(4): 393-401.
Karthik, N., Karthik A., Parameswaran, B., Ashok, P. 2014. Production, purification, and properties of fungal chitinases. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 52:
1025-1035.
Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP). 2016. MEA Centre.Sektor Lelautan dan Perikanan.Diakses : Oktober 2016.
Khairina, R., Cahyanto, N.M., Utami, T., Rahardjo, S. 2016. Karakteristik Fisikawi, Kimiawi dan Mikrobiologis Ronto Selama Penyimpanan. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 9(3) : 348-355.
Kholifah, A. 2015. Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri-Bakteri Kitinolitik dari Sedimen Tambak Udang. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yogyakarta.
Khor, E. 2001. Chitin, Fulfilling a Biomaterials Promise, Dept. Of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Rep. Of Singapore.
Khusniati, T., N. Widhyastuti, I. Saskiawan, A. Choliq, dan R. Handayani. 2012.
Peningkatan Kualitas Produk Susu dengan N-Asetilglukosamin dan β Galaktosidase di Jawa. Tim Pelaksana Insentif Peningkatan Kemampuan Peneliti dan Perekayasa. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.
Knoor D. 1982. Function properties of chitin and chitosan. J Food Sci. 47: 593-595.
Konopka, A. 2009. Perspective: Whats is Microbial Community Ecology The International Society of Microbial Ecology Journal. 3: 1223-1230.
52
Kosim, M., Surya, R.P., 2010, Pengaruh Suhu pada Protease dari Bacillus subtilis, Fakultas MIPA ITS, Surabaya.
Kuddus S.M. and Ahmad R.I.Z., 2013, Isolation of novel chitinolytic bacteria and production optimization of extracellular chitinase, Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 11/(1): 39–46
Laribi-Habchi, Hassiba, Amel B, Nadjib D, Andre P, Nabil M. 2014. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of an extracellular chitinase from Bacollus licheniformis strain LHH100 isolated from wastewater samples in Algeria. Elsevier B.V. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.
72:1117-1128.
Lehninger. 1995. Dasar-dasar Biokimia. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Liang, T., Yue-Yin C, Po-Shen Pan, dan San-Lang W. 2013. Purification of chitinase/chitosanase from Bacillus cereus and discovery of an enzyme inhibitor.
Elsevier. International Journal of Biological Macromoleculs. 63 : 8-14.
Lubis, A. 2010. Kajian Penggunaan Metode Respon Permukaan Untuk Optimasi Pasca Panen (Studi Kasus Perlakuan Konsentrasi Pelilinan Dan Suhu Penyimpanan Buah Manggis). Thesis. IPB. Bogor.
Mahdania, A. 2019. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Kitinolitik dari Ronto (Produk Fermentasi Udang). Skripsi. UGM : Yogyakarta.
Mangunwidjaja, D. Dan Suryani, A. 1994. Teknologi Bioproses. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. 177-180.
Matheis, T., Amos, K., Marsela, S. Laratmase. 2012. Kitosan dari Limbah Kulit Kepiting Rajungan (Portunus sanginolentus) sebagai Adsorben Zat Warna Biru Metilena.
Jurnal Nature Indonesia. 14(2). Ambon.
Meija Saules, J.E, K.N Walizewski, M. A Gracia and R. Cruzcamarillo. 2006. The Use of Crude Shrimp Shell Powder for Chitinase Production by Serratia marcescens.
Food Techno. Biotechnology. 44(1): 95-100.
Montgomery, D. C. 2001. Design and Analysis of Experiments 5th edition. New York:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Muharni. 2010. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Kitinase dari Sumber Air Panas Danau Ranau Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Sains Edisi Khusus Juni (D) 10, 06-09.
Murray, R. K., D. K. Bender, K. M. Botham, P. J. Kennely, V. W. Rodwell, and P. A.
Well. 2009. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. Twenty-English Edition. The McGraw Hill, Inc.
53
Muzzarelli, R. 1997. Chitin Handbook. European Chitin Society.
Muzzarelli, R.A.A and P. Jolles. 1999. Chitin and Chitinases. Birkhauser, Bassel.
Nafiah, H., Sri Pujiyanto dan Budi Raharjo. 2017. Isolasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Kitinase Isolat Bakteri Dari Kawasan Geotermal Dieng. Jurnal Bioma. Vol. 19 (1): 22- 29.
Natsir H, Patong AR, Suhartono MT, dan Ahmad A. 2010. Production and characterization of chitinase enzymes from sulili hot spring in south sulawesi, Bacillus sp. HAS, 3-1a. Indones J Chem. 10(2):263-267.
Niederhoffer, E.C. 2000. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Resource.
<http://www.siumed.edu/~eniederhoffer/web_lessons/bmb_sac.htm>. Diakses pada 18 September 2019.
No, H & Meyers, S. 1995. Preparation and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan.
Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 4(2) : 27-52.
Noviendri, D., Y.N. Fawzya. & E. Chasanah. 2008. Karakterisasi dan Sifat Kinetika Enzim Kitinase Dari Isolat Bakteri T5a1 Asal Terasi. J. Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 3(2):123-129.
Okazaki, K dan Tagawa, K. 1991. Purification and properties of chitinase from Streptomyces cinereoruber. Journal Fermentation Bioengineering. 71: 237-241.
Pandey, A., Azmi, W., Singh J and Banerjee, U.C. 1999. Types of Fermentation and Factors Affecting It. In Biotechnology: Food Fermentation ed. Joshi, V K and Pandey, A. Pp 383-426. New Delhi: Educational Publisher.
Park, S.H., J.H Lee, dan H.K Lee. 2000. Purification and characterization of chitinase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. 98CJ11027. J. Microbiol. 38(4): 224–229 Pasaribu, N. 2004. Berbagai Pemanfaatan Polimer. Jurusan Kimia. Fakultas MIPA. USU.
Medan.
Patil RS, Ghormade V, Deshpande MV. 2000.Chitinolytic Enzymes: An Exploration.Technol 26, 473-483.
Peter MG. 2005. Chitin and chitosan from animal sources. Di dalam: Steinbuchel A dan SK Rhee, editor. Polysacharides and Polyamides in the Food Industry. Volume ke-1. Wernheim: Wiley-VCH.
Phatania, S., Sharma, N., Handa, S. 2017. Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of Amylase by Bacillus amyloliquifaciens SH8 Using Response Surface Methodology. Research Paper. University of Horticulture and Forestry.
Nauni India.
54
Prakash, B., Perumai P., Gowrishankar J., Sivasankari P., Ashokkumar, L., Tamilman.
2015. Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Production of Chitinase by Bacillus sp. Isolated from Agriculture Soil using Substrate as Marine Crab Shell Waste. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 4:
192-198.
Pramesti, E. 2019. Optimasi Konsentrasi Koloidal Kitin dan Jumlah Inokulum Dalam Produksi Kitinase Oleh Streptomyces sp. Isolat PB2 Dengan Response Surface Methode. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Pratama, I.P.A & Harjoko, A. 2015. Penerapan Algoritma Invasive Weed Optimnization untuk Penentuan Titik Pusat Klaster pada K-Means. IJCCS. Vol.9 : 65-76.
Priest, F.G. 1977. Extracellular enzyme synthesis in the genus Bacillus. Bacteriological Journal Revised. 41: 711-753.
Purwani, E.Y., Toharisman, A., Chasanah, E., Laksmi, JF., Welan, V., Suhartono., Purwadaria, T., Hwang, JK., Pyun, YR. 2002. Studi Pendahuluan Enzim Kitinase Ekstraseluler yang Dihasilkan Oleh Isolat Bakteri Asal Manado. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan. 8(2): 111-117.
Puspitasari, A. 2007. Pembuatan dan Pemanfaatan Kitosan Sulfat dari Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fullica) sebagai Adsorben Zat Warna Remazol Yellow FG 6. Fakultas MIPA. Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Rahayu, S. 2000. Pemurnian dan Karakterisasi Kitinase dan Kitin Deasetilase Termostabil dari Isolat Bacillus K-29-14 Asal Kawah Lamojang, Jawa Barat.
Tesis Program Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Rahayu, M dan Susanti, E. 2017. Optimasi Jenis dan kadar sumber nitrogen serta pH medium untuk produksi protease dari isoalat HTcUM6.2.2 dari tauco Surabaya.
Jurnal Kimia Riset, Volume 2 No. 2 : 98-107.
Rahmatia, L., Umaroh, T., Rohmaniyah, A., Hafidzoh, N., Herdyastuti, N. 2014.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Substrat dan Lama Waktu Inkubasi pada Pengolahan Limbah Padat Industri Kertas dengan Enzim Selulase dari Bacillus sp. UNESA Journal of Chemistry. Vol.3: 73-76.
Rahmawati, H., Purnomo, A., Umniyatie, S., Pramiadi, D dan Sari, N. 2016.
Identification and Characterization of Chitinase Enzyme Producing Bacteria from Bat Guano and Its Potential to Inhibit the Growth of Fungus Colletotrichum sp. Cause Anthracnose on the Chili by In Vitro. International Journal of Advances in Agriculture & Enviromental Engineering. 3: 249-254.
Reissig, J.L., J.L. Strominger., L.F. Leloir. 1955. A Modified Colometric Method for The Estimation Of N-acetylamino Sugars. Journal Biology and Chemistry.
217: 959-966.
55
Rishad, K S., Sharrel R, Shabanamol P., Jisha M. 2016. Biocontrol potential of Halotolerant bacterial chitinase from high yielding novel Bacillus Pumilus MCB-7 autochthonous to mangrove ecosystem. Journal Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 137 : 36-41.
Rochima E. 2007. Karakterisasi Kitin dan Kitosan Asal Limbah Rajungan Cirebon Jawa Barat. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 10 No.1. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Ross, T., Corkrey, R., McMeekin, T.A., Bowman, J.P., Ratkowsky, D.A., Olley, J. 2014.
Protein Thermodynamics Can Be Predicted Directly from Biological Growth Rates. Journal Public Library of Science. 9: 96-100.
Rostinawati, T. 2008. Skrining dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Enzim Kitinase Dari Air Laut di Perairan Pantai Pondok Bali. Penelitian Mandiri. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor.
Rudrapatnam, N & Farooqahmed, S. 2003. Chitin. The Undisputed Biomolecule of Great Potential. Taylor and Francis Publisher. Criticals Review in Food Science and Nutrition. 43: 61-87.
Sadikin, 2001. Biokimia Darah. Widya Medika. Jakarta.
Sahai, A.S. and S.M. Manocha. 1993. Chitinases of Fungi and Plants : Their Involvement in Morphogenesis and Host-Parasite Interaction. Journal of FEMS Microbiology, 3(11): 317–338.
Sari, I.P., Andrizal., dan Devianto, D. 2014. Perancangan Sistem Pengenalan Wajah Manusia Menggunakan Web Camera dengan Metode Summary Squared Error (SSE).
Sashiwa, H., Fujishima, S., Yamano, N., Kawasaki, N., Nakayama, A., Muraki, E., Hiraga, K., Oda, K., Aiba, S. 2002. Production of Nacetyl- D-glucosamine from a-Chitin by Crude Enzymes from Aeromonas hydrophila H-2330. Carbohydrate Research, 337, 761-763.
Savant., D. Vivek & J.A, Torres. 2000. Chitosan based coagulating agents for treatment of cheddar chees whey. Biotechnology Progress. 16 (1): 24-28.
Savitha, V. dan Timothy, J.S. 1997. Chitosan Membrane Interaction and Their Propable Role in Chitosan - Medical Transfection. Biotechnology and applied Biochemistry. 27: 265-267.
Shakhbazau, A.V dan Kartel, N.A. 2008. Chitinases in Bioengineering Research. Russian Journal of Genetics. 44: 881-889.
56
Singh, R., Sharma, C.D., Gupta, K.M. 2017. Optimization of critical process parameters for amylase production by Bacillus sp. using statistical approach (RSM). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnological Research. Vol 7. 3 : 7-15.
Suhartono, M.T. 1989. Enzim dan Bioteknologi. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi antar Universitas Bioteknologi Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. VI: 322.
Sumardjo, D., 2008, Pengantar Kimia: Buku Panduan Kuliah Mahasiswa Kedokteran dan Program Strata I Fakultas Bioeksakta, EGC, Jakarta, hal.110.
Suptijah, P. 2004. Tingkatan kualitas kitosan hasil modifikasi proses produksi. Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Vol VII No.1: 56-63.
Susilo, U., N. Setyaningrum dan F.N. Rachmawati, 2012. Aktivitas Protease Digesti Belut Sawah, Monopterus albus Zuiew., Serta Responnya terhadap Stres Nutrisi.
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Tahunan IX Hasil Penelitian Perikanan dan Kelautan Tahun 2012. Jilid I. Budidaya Perikanan. Jurusan Perikanan Fakultas Pertanian, UGM. GN08: 1-6.
Stephen, A.M. 1995. Food Polysaccharides and their Applications. Rondebosch Department of Chemistry. University of Cape Town.
Suresh, P.V. & Chandrasekaran, M. 1999 Impact of process parameters on chitinase production by an alkalophilic marine Beauvaria bassiana in solid state fermentation. Process Biochemistry 34, 257–267.
Synowiecki, J. and N.A Al-Khateeb. 2003. Production, Properties, and Some New Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 43(2): 145-171.
R. E. Walpole, R. H. Myers, S. L. Myers and K. Ye, Probability & Statistics for Engineers
& Scientists Eight Edition, Pearson Prentice-Hall (2007) 269 – 320.
Walpole, R.E., 2007. Pengantar Statistika Edisi ke-3. Gramedia: Jakarta.
Wang., Shu-Yi., Anne-Laure M., George T., Shaw-Jye., Robert D., Narenda K. 2001.
Purification and characterization of a Bacillus cereus exochitinase. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 28 : 492-498.
Wang, S., Chia-Hsing C., Tzu-Wen L, Chung-Chih C.2009. Purification and Characterization of Protease and Chitinase from Bacillus cereus TKU006 and Conversion of Marine Wastes by These Enzymes. Journal Marine Biotechnology. 11 : 334-344.
57
Wang, S. L., B.S. Lin, T.W. Liang, C.L. Wan, P.C. Wu, and J.R. Liu. 2010. Purification and Characterization of Chitinase from New Species Strain, Pseudomonas sp.
TKU008. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 20(6): 1001-1005.
Wang, S., Chin-Pei L, Tzu-Wen L. 2012. Fermented and enzymatic production of chitin/chitosan oligosaccharides by extracellular chitinases from Bacillus cereus TKU027. Journal Carbohydrate Polymers. 90 : 1305-1313.
Watanabe, T., Oyanagi, W., Suzuki, K., Tanaka, H. 1990. Chitinase system of Bacillus circulans WL-12 and importance of chitinase Al in chitin degradation. Journal Bacteriol. 172 (7): 4017-4022.
Widhyastuti N. 2007. Produksi Kitinase Ekstraseluler Aspergillus rugulosus 501 secara Optimal pada Media Cair. J Berita Biologi 8 (6):547-553.
Winkler, M. 1982. Intracellular Ph. Its Measurement, Regulation and Utilization in Cellular Functions. Elsevier. New York.
Wirahadikusuma, M. 2001. Biokimia Protein, Enzim dan Asam Nukleat. Bandung: ITB.
Wong, A.C and Beecher, D.J. 1994. Improved purification and characterization of hemolysin BL, a hemolytic dermonecrotic vascular permeability factor from Bacillus cereus. Infect. Immun. 62:980-986.
Wongsa P, P Werukhamkul. 2007. Product Development and Technical Service, Biosolution International. Thailand : Bangkadi Industrial Park 134/4.
Wu, M.L., Y. C. Chuang, J. P. Chen, C. S. Chen & M. C. Chang. 2001. Identification &
characterization of Three Chitin-Binding Domains Within the Multidomain Chitinase Chi92 from Aeromonas hydrophilla jp 101. Appl Environ Microbiol.
67: 5100-5106.
Wulan,P., M. Gozan. B. Arby, dan B. Achmad. 2006. Penentuan rasio optimum C: N: P sebagai nutrisi pada proses biodegradasi benzena-toluena dan scale up kolom bioregenerator. Jurnal Repository UI. 205(1): 1-8.
Yazid, Estien & Nursanti, Lisda. 2006. Penuntun Praktikum Biokimia Untuk Mahasiswa Analis. Yogyakarta: C.V Andi Offset.
Yurnaliza. 2002.Senyawa Kitin dan Kajian Aktivitas Enzim Mikrobial Pendegradasinya.
(Skripsi). Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan