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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI KULIT BUAH SAWO MANILA (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen)
TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
ABSTRAK
Sawo merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman buah yang sudah lama dikenal dan ditanam di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan bagian dari tanaman seperti akar, batang, daun, kulit dan buah dapat digunakan sebagai obat. Sawo manila berkhasiat untuk obat sembelit serta menghambat diare. Kandungan yang terdapat dalam buah sawo manila meliputi flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia, kandungan senyawa kimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri dari kulit buah sawo manila (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen).
Pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik, mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar sari larut etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam. Skrining fitokimia meliputi pemeriksaan golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara perkolasi dan fraksinasi dilakukan secara ekstraksi cair-cair. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia adalah kadar air 2,31%, kadar sari larut air 64,48%, kadar sari larut etanol 59,60%, kadar abu total 6,32%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,49%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etilasetat memberikan diameter daerah hambat yang efektif terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli sedangkan fraksi air dan fraksi n-heksana hanya memberikan diameter daerah hambat yang efektif terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS AND FRACTION OF MANILA SAPODILLA PERICARPIUM
FRUIT (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT
Sapodilla is a kind of plants which has been known for a long time in Indonesia. The process of part of plants like root, rod, leaf, pericarpium and fruit can be used as medicine. Manila sapodilla can be used as constipation drugs and diarrhea drugs. The content of sapodilla are contained flavonoid, saponin and tanin. The purpose of this research was to know about simplex characterization, chemical constituents and antibacterial activity test of manila sapodilla pericarpium fruit (Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen).
Simplex characterization including level of water content, level of water-soluble extract, level of ethanol-water-soluble extract, level of total ash, and level of ash not soluble in acid. Phytochemical screening including determination alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, tanin and steroid/triterpenoid. The simplex extracted by percolation and fractination used liquid-liquid extraction. Test of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion method using paper disk.
The results of simplex characterization were obtained level of water content 2.31%, level of water-soluble extract 64.48%, level of ethanol-soluble extract 59.60%, level of total ash 6.32% and level of ash not soluble in acid 0.49%. The results of phytochemical screening from simplex contains flavonoid, glycoside, tanin and steroid/triterpenoid. The results of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and ethylacetate fraction were gave effective inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli while water fraction and n-hexane fraction only effective inhibitory for Staphylococcus aureus.
