ADOPTION IN LUCY MAUD MONTGOMERY’S NOVEL ANNE OF GREEN GABLES (1908): A PSYCHOANALITYC APPROACH
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English
by:
R. SRI MEY W. PRAMESWARI A320 120 046
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONN MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
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APPROVAL
ADOPTION IN LUCY MAUD MONTGOMERY’S NOVEL ANNE OF GREEN GABLES (1908): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
by:
R. SRI MEY W. PRAMESWARI A320 120 046
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant
ii
ACCEPTANCE
ADOPTION IN LUCY MAUD MONTGOMERY’S NOVEL ANNE OF GREEN GABLES (1908): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
BY:
R. SRI MEY W. PRAMESWARI A320 120 046
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta On July 2016
The Board of Examiners:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed ( )
NIK. 772 (Chair Person)
2. Dr. M. Thoyibi, MS. ( )
NIK. 410 (Member 1)
3. Siti Fatimah, M. Hum ( )
NIK. 850 (Member 2)
Dean,
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TESTIMONY
This is to certify that I write this publication article. It is not a plagiarism nor made by others.
Anything related to other’s work is written in quoatation, the source of which is listed on the
bibliography. If then this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic
punishment.
Surakarta, July 2016
R. Sri Mey W. Prameswari
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ADOPTION IN LUCY MAUD MONTGOMERY’S NOVEL ANNE OF GREEN GABLES (1908): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
Abstrak
Masalah utama dari penelitian ini adalah adopsi. Tidak setiap anak dapat tinggal dengan orang tua biologisnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis novel ini didasarkan pada Pendekatan Psikoanalitik. Penulis mempekerjakan metode kualitatif.
Penulis menggunakan dua sumber data: primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer dari penelitian ini adaalah Anne of Green Gables novel karya Lucy Maud Montgomery. Data sekunder adalah data pendukung yang diambil dari buku-buku satra, kritik, dan beberapa artikel yang berhubungan dengan novel. Data sekunder dari penelitian ini diambil dari setiap informasi yang berkaitan dengan deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, peneliti mendapat beberapa kesimpuulan. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa adopsi memiliki dampak yang besar dalam kehidupan Anne Shirley. Pengadopsian Anne membawa dia untuk mencapai tujuan dalam hidupnya. Anne Shirley memiliki banyak imajinasi dalam aspek kehidupannya. Anne ingin menjadi seorang guru. Dia memiliki banyak keinginan dalam hidupnya. Dia berusaha keras untuk mendapatkan apa yang dia inginkan. Anne melakukan banyak upaya dan tidak pernah menyerah. Anne menyadari tanpa berjuan impiannya tidak akan terwujud.
Kata Kunci: Anne of Green Gables, adoption, pendekatan psikoanalitik.
Abstracts
The major problem of this study is adoption. No every child can live with biological parents. The objective of this study is to analyze this novel based on the Psychoanalytic
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researcher gets some conclusions. The study shows that adoption has big impacts in Anne Shirley life. Anne’s adoption brings her to reach the goals in her life. Anne Shirley has extremely imagination in a lot of aspects of her life. Anne loves to be a teacher. She has many desires in her life. She tries hard to get what she wants. Anne does a lot of efforts and never gives up. Anne realizes without struggle her dreams will not come true.
Keyword: Anne of Green Gables, adoption, psychoanalytic approach.
1. Introduction
Anne of Green Gables novel was written by Lucy Maud Montgomery published in
1908. The realities and imaginations of an author which are reflected in literary work are created by the author by witnessing the fact and by undergoing the reality and social life. Every author can be deliberately conveying his or her view toward society through his work. One conflict of writes which reveals about psychological is a Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery in her novel entitle Anne of Green Gables. It contains of 391 pages.
The researcher has two reasons why she wants to analyze this novel. The first reason, the one of the main theme in Anne of Green Gables is the theme of adoption of child especially Anne’s adoption. The second is because Anne of Green Gables is interesting story. This novel shows the life story that can give the social and moral values for the reader.
The problem statement of the study will focus on the adoption in Anne of Green
Gablesnovel. Anne’s adoption is influenced by her dreams. Based on the background of
choosing the subject above, the researcher was going to focus her research on the adoption in Anne of Green Gables novel with the problem of this study as follow: “How is “adoption” reflected in Anne of Green Gables (1908)?”.
The objective of the study is to analyze the adoption in Lucy Maud Montgomery’s novel Anne of Green Gables (1908) based on a psychoanalytic approach.
Based on researcher’s observation, at least in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, the writer finds there is no research that has been conducted in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta to study Lucy Maud Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables by using psychoanalytic approach. So that the researcher cannot compare this research.
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which children are brought together with adults who are not their biological parents to form a family (William Dudley, 1964: 10).
Based on the definitions above, the researcher uses a psychoanalytic approach to study the personality of human beings in a novel, because personality has connections with psychology of human beings. A psychoanalytic approach is a theory that is proposed by Sigmund Freud. This theory is applied an explanation of a specific topic from a certain point of view. Freud in Newman (1983: 385) described three components of personality; the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the most basic system of personality, totally
unconscious, the ego is authorized by reality principle and connects with real world, and the superego as the principle of morality consists of some values and evaluated norms. 2. Research Method
In analyzing Anne of Green Gables novel by Lucy Maud Montgomery (1908) the researcher uses qualitative research. The researcher categorizes her research into qualitative research because the research does not need a statistic data to analyze and explore the facts. Type of data in this research is textual data. It consists of word, phrase, and sentences. The data sources consist of two categories; they are primary data source and secondary data source. The primary data source is the novel itself. The secondary data source is about behaviorist and all relevant materials in the novel. The techniques of data collection the researcher used are reading and understanding Anne of Green Gables novel as well as the secondary data source from the other books, identifying data that can be analyzed, classifying data into some categories, determining the theory of literature which is relevant for analyzing the data, and searching the other reference that can be used to analyze data. The object of the study is to analyze adoption in Lucy Maud Montgomery’s novel Anne of Green Gables (1908) on a psychoanalytic approach. The analysis is initiated from the structural analysis of the work and finally the psychoanalytic analysis of the literary works. The steps analyzing the data are as follows: first, analyzing the data based on its structural elements. Second, analyzing the data based on the psychoanalytic analysis.
3. Research Findings and Discussion 3.1Research Findings
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personality and the discussion below will show id, ego, and superego that happen in Anne Shirley.
(1) Id
Id keeps biological needs, dream, fantasies, obsession, ambition, desire, and all the reality demands. It can be illogically or immorally when Id wants satisfaction of those feeling (Pervin, 1970: 76).
Anne id occurs when Marilla ask Anne to go to Mrs. Lynde’s house and ask
Mrs. Lynde to forgive her because she was mad when Mrs. Lynde come in Green Gables, but Anne said if she never do that and ask Marilla to punish her in a dark, damp dungeon inhabited by snakes and toads and feed me only on bread and water and she will not complain.
–‘you must go to her and tell her you are very sorry for your bad temper and ask her to forgive you.’
‘I can never do that,’ said Anne determinedly and darkly. ‘You can punish me in any way you like, Marilla. You can shut me up in a dark, damp dungeon inhabited by snakes and toads and feed me only on bread and water and I shall not complain. But I cannot ask Mrs. Lynde to forgive me.’
But apologize to Mrs. Lynde you must and shall and you’ll stay here in your room until you can tell me you’re willing to do it.’
‘I shall have to stay here forever then,’ said Anne mournfully, ‘because I can’t tell Mrs. Lynde I’m sorry I said those things to her. How can I? I’m NOT sorry. I’m sorry I’ve vexed you; but I’m GLAD I told her just what I did. It was a great satisfaction. I can’t say I’m sorry when I’m not, can I? I can’t even IMAGINE I’m sorry.’ (AOGG, 88)
(2) Ego
The aim of ego is to distinguish between fantasy and reality. It follows reality principle and operates by secondary process (Burger, 1986: 56).
Anne’s ego occurs when Marilla want sell Green Gables but Anne say that Marilla must not sell Green Gables because she will still leave with Marilla and teach.
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‘Buy it! Buy Green Gables?’ Anne wondered if she had heard aright. ‘Oh, Marilla, you don’t mean to sell Green Gables!’
‘You mustn’t sell Green Gables,’ said Anne resolutely.
‘Oh, Anne, I wish I didn’t have to. But you can see for yourself. I can’t stay here alone. I’d go crazy with trouble and loneliness. And my sight would go— I know it would.’
‘You won’t have to stay here alone, Marilla. I’ll be with you. I’m not going to Redmond.’
‘Just what I say. I’m not going to take the scholarship. I decided so the night after you came home from town.
My mind is quite made up, Marilla. I’m NOT going to Redmond; and I AM going to stay here and teach. Don’t you worry about me a bit.’ (AOGG, 382 – 384)
(3) Superego
Superego is used to control human behavior based on the moral ethic in society (Pervin, 1970: 76). Anne’s superego occurs when Anne tells to Matthew if in this morning she was not mad also felt so ashamed. She want to ask apologize to Mrs. Lynde if Matthew really want she to do it.
…this morning it was over. I wasn’t in a temper anymore— and it left a dreadful sort of goneness, too. I felt so ashamed of myself. …But still—I’d do anything for you—if you really want me to—‘
‘Well now, of course I do.
‘Very well,’ said Anne resignedly. ‘I’ll tell Marilla as soon as she comes in I’ve repented.’
‘That’s right—that’s right, Anne. (AOGG, 91 – 92) 3.2Discussion
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The discussion in this chapter is based on the application of psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud. There are a lot of conflicts faced by the characters that are chosen by the author. Anne Shirley has extremely imagination in a lot of aspects of her life. In the Anne of Green Gables novel, Lucy gives attention in the personality of the elements and focuses both on the internal and external conflicts especially in the major character of the novel.
The id is the thing that sounds illogical, irrational, and without consideration to the execution of the concept of idea from Anne’s mind into the form of action based only on what she has said. Anne’s personality conflicts begin when Marilla wants met with Mrs. Spencer to talk about Anne and she wants sent back Anne to the asylum. But Mrs. Spencer does not think it will be necessary to send Anne back to the asylum because Mrs. Blewett was saying if she wants a little girl to help her. From the first time Anne sees Mrs. Blewett, she does not like her. She thinks that Mrs. Blewett look like a gimlet. So, she would rather go back to the asylum than go to live with Mrs. Blewett.
Anne’s id when she anger when Mrs. Lynde visited Green Gables to inspect Anne, she also gives opinion about Anne. The climax of her anger is when Mrs. Lynde said that Anne have freckles and hair as red as carrot, and she feels bad about that. She wants to explode her anger but her superego thinks that it is not a good idea to flash her madness in front of people which did not knows. She thinks it is such impolite behavior so she tries to stop her anger feeling.
Anne is a diligent and smart woman. She loves to be a teacher. Her id is here, she has a desire to learn more all about her study to get Avery scholarship. Marilla and Matthew support her to study all about her study. Anne often reads books to progress her knowledge. Her teacher teaches her all about her study. Here is Anne’s ego, she follows what her teacher preached because she wants to make Marilla and Matthew proud. She knows that she loves everything that related about teaching very much, if she learns and do more research about something she likes it will bring
positive things and effects for her life in the future.
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chooses to be a good teacher and staying with Marilla. She also think to study at home and take a little college course.
Generally, Anne’s ids appear from her unconsciousness. She does something without seeing what other people think. When Anne sees the peddler that was in Green Gables, she bought the dry from him. When she saw the dreadful color it returned her hair, she becomes repented of being wicked.
Her ego here, Anne thinks will look herself in the glass to remember her wrongness because was dyed her hair and to see how ugly herself.
When Anne and friends were standing on the side of lake, below Orchard Slope, Anne has idea that they will play drama about Elaine. For a few minute, Anne drifting slowly down enjoyed the romance of her situation to the full. Then something happened not at all romantic. The flat began to leak. The flat drifted under the bridge and then promptly sank in midstream. Anne, clinging desperately to her precarious foothold, saw their flying forms and heard their shrieks. Help would soon come, but meanwhile her position was a very uncomfortable one. Then, just as she thought she really could not endure the ache in her arms and wrists another moment, Gilbert Blythe came and help her. Then Gilbert said to Anne that he wants to be a friend with her. Her id here, Anne cannot accept that because she still mad with Gilbert who was call her “Carrot”.
Anne’s egos are influenced by the id. Ego is the system to satisfy the id. Here is Anne’s id, when Marilla ask Anne to apologize to Mrs. Lynde because she was said that Mrs. Lynde is a rude, impolite, unfeeling woman. Here is Anne’s ego works, she asks apology to Mrs. Lynde and will control her temper.
After the days passed, Matthew ask Anne to ask apology to Mrs. Lynde and tells to Marilla if she regrets was mad and wants say sorry to Mrs. Lynde. The problem occurs when she could not think of going and telling Mrs. Lynde because it
would be so humiliating. Here is the superegoof Anne, while Marilla want to Anne’s room, Anne say sorry because was lost her temper and she will to go in Mrs. Lynde’s house to say apologize.
One day when Marilla ask Anne to go to Mrs. Lynde’s house and ask Mrs. Lynde to forgive her because she was mad when Mrs. Lynde come in Green Gables.
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superego of her works, Anne tells to Matthew if in this morning she was not mad also
felt so ashamed. So, she want tells to Marilla if she regret was mad and want to ask apologize to Mrs. Lynde.
In Anne’s life she has the goal to reach what she wants. Generally, the goals of Anne are in the positive ways. She has a big goal to get Avery scholarship and to be a teacher. She loves anything related to teaching. Her id wants her to study more and more all about her study. The goal of Anne appears because her id and her strong ego. The id of Alma that supports her goal is the feeling of being happy to do all of her
efforts to reach what she wants. She never gives up in her life. Her sincerity to get her dreams brings her to the perfect result. The ego of Anne supports the power of her works in pursuing her dreams. No one cannot stop her if she has the goal in her life. 4. Closing
Based on the analysis, the researcher gets some conclusions, they are: The study shows that adoption has big impacts in Anne Shirley life. Anne’s adoption brings her to reach the goals in her life. Anne Shirley has extremely imagination in a lot of aspects of her life. Anne loves to be a teacher. She has many desires in her life. She tries hard to get what she wants. Anne does a lot of efforts and never gives up. Anne realizes without struggle her dreams will not come true.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Burger, Jerry M. 1986. Personality Theory Research. New York: Allyn on bacon. Dudley, William. 1964. Issues in Adoption. United State of America: Greenhaven
Press.
Meliala, Djaja S. 1982. Pengangakatan Anak (Adopsi) di Indonesia. Bandung: Tarsito.
Montgomey, L. M. 1908. Anne of Green Gables. Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
