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The analysis of verb forms in news titles on the business news pages of The Jakarta Post newspaper.

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S M R O F B R E V F O S I S Y L A N A E H

T I N NEWS TITLES ON THE

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ii i v

S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T E

L T I

T PAGE ... i .. APPROVALPAGE ... ii ACCEPTANCEPAGE ... iii

O T O

M PAGE ... v.. i N

O I T A C I D E

D PAGE ... v S

T N E M E G D E L W O N K C

A ... iv N

A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E

L PUBLIKASI ... iiv E

L B A

T OFCONTENTS ... v iii T

C A R T S B

A ... x .... K

A R T S B

A ... ix :

I R E T P A H

C INTRODUCTION ... 1 .... .

A BACKGROUNDOFTHESTUDY ... 1 .

B PROBLEMFORMULATION... 5 .

C OBJECTIVEOFTHESTUDY ... 5 .

D DEFINITIONOFTERMS ... 5 :

I I R E T P A H

C THEORETICALREVIEW... 8 .

A Reviewo fRelatedStudies... 8 .

B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires... 9 .... .

1 TheNew sTilte ... 9 .

a TheFuncitono fNew sTilte ... 01 .

b TheCharacteirsitc so fNew sTilte ... 01 .i UsingSharpandShor tWord s... 01 .i

i Aritcle sareCommonlyOmitted ... 1.. 1 .i

ii Verb sareessenita l... 11 .

v

i UsingPresen tTensef o rPas tEven t... 11 .

v UsingAcitveVoicet hanPassiveVoice... 21 .i

v UsingPosiitveStatement s ... 21 .i

i

v UsingFamiila ro rCommonAbbreviaitono rAcronym s . 31 .i

ii

v UsingFlush- tfLe Head ... 31 .

x

i O tfenRequriedPunctuaiton ... 31 .

2 VerbForm ... 41 .

a FintieVerb ... 51 .i TheBaseForm ... 51

.

1 ThePresen tTense ... 51 .

2 TheI mperaitve ... 61 .

3 ThePresen tSubjuncitve ... 81 .i

i T –S he Form ... 81 .i

ii ThePas tForm ... 91 .

b N -on FintieVerb ... 9.... 1 .i TheBaseForm ... 02

.

1 TheBareI n ifniitve ... 02 .

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i T –he IngParitciple ... 12 .

1 TheProgressiveAspec tFo llowing‘ be ’... 12 .

2 –IngParitcipleClause s... 22 .i

ii T –he EdParitciple ... 32 .

1 ThePerfec tAspec tFo llowing‘ have ’ ... 23 .

2 ThePassiveVoiceFollowing‘ be ’... 42 .

3 T –he EdParitcipleClause s... 42 .

C Theoreitcalf ramework ... 52 :

I I I R E T P A H

C METHODOLOGY... 72 .

A Objec toft heStudy ... 72 .

B Approachoft heStudy ... 92 .

C Methodoft hes tudy ... 92 :

V I R E T P A H

C ANALYSIS ... 13 .

A TheVerbFormi nNewsT ilte... 1.. 3 .

1 FintieandNon-FintieVerb ... 23 .

B TheMeaningRevealedbyVerbFormsi nNew sTiltes... 14 .

1 FintieVerb ... 14 .

a TheBaseForm... 14 .

b –S Form ... 24 .

c ThePas tForm ... 34 .

2 N -on FintieVerb ... 34 .

a TheBaseForm... 34 .

b T –he IngParitciple... 44 .

c T –he EdParitciple ... 44 P

A H

C TERV :CONCLUSION ... 64 Y

H P A R G O I L B I

B ... 84 S

E C I D N E P P

A ... 0.. 5 1

x i d n e p p

A ... 05 2

x i d n e p p

A ... 15 3

x i d n e p p

A ... 35 4

x i d n e p p

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x T C A R T S B A . u y o d n a P a n a R a d ir

F THEANALYSISOFVERBFORMSI NNEWSTITLES T S O P A T R A K A J E H T F O S E G A P S W E N S S E N I S U B E H T N O P A P S W E

N ER. Yogyaka tra :Depa trmen to fEngilsh Letters ,Facutly o fLetters , . 2 1 0 2 , y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S n i s e it e ir a v e m o s s a h e g a u g n a

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a anguage and ti swords ,in thi scase the verb form , e lt it s w e n e h t e s u a c e

b ist hegatet o b irngt her eadert or ead t henews .Thewrtie r n m u l o c s w e n s s e n i s u b e h t f o s e lt it s w e n e h t e s o h

c s fo The Jakarta Po ts

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i x K A R T S B A . u y o d n a P a n a R a d ir

F THEANALYSISOFVERBFORMSI NNEWSTITLES F O S E G A P S W E N S S E N I S U B E H T N

O THE JAKARTA POST

R E P A P S W E

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b The Jakarta Pos tedis i15-17 Novembe r2011 . a jr e k a t a k k u t n e b h e l o n a k a t a y n i d g n a y i tr a n a k l a n e k r e p m e m k u t n u , a u d e k n a u j u T l u d u j a d a

p -judu lbertia.

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p The Jakarta Post edis i 15- 17

g n a y i r o e t n a k t a p a d n e m s il u n e p , a u d e K . s i n s i b a ti r e b m o l o k i d 1 1 0 2 r e b m e v o N a g n e m s il u n e p , a g it e K . a t a d s i s il a n a g n e m k u t n u i s a d n o p i a g a b e s n a k a n u g i

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d -bentuk kata kejra yang digunakan data . , a jr e k a t a k k u t n e b p a it e s k u t n u n a a d a r e b e k i s n e u k e r f t a h il e m k u t n u , n a i d u m e K d a y n g n u ti h g n e m s il u n e

p engan menggunakan rumu s XYZ . Selanjutnya , k u t n u I I b a b i d i r o e t n a k p a r e n e m n a g n e d n a k i a s e l e s i d a u d e k n a h a l a s a m r e p . a t a d a d a p a jr e k a t a k k u t n e b h e l o n a k a t a y n i d g n a y i tr a n a k k u j n u n e m . a jr e k a t a k k u t n e b n a k a n u g g n e m g n a y a ti r e b l u d u j 0 4 a d a , a t a d 8 4 i r a D a s i

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d – sdigunakan oleh 18 j udu l

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b base dar ikata kejra n -on ifn tie

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1 I R E T P A H C

N O I T C U D O R T N I

.

A Backgroundoft heStudy

t u o h ti w e n o l a e v il t o n n a c g n i e b n a m u h , e r u t a e r c l a i c o s a s

A the presence

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o otherpeople .Theyneed otherst o ge tsociailzaiton and i nteraciton. Therefore ,

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(14)

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2 1 :25&28 .)

d n a t h g u o h t y lt i c il p x e e b t s u m t i , e g a u g n a l n e tt ir w d o o g a e k a m o t s d r o w r e h t o n I e r a h c i h w e c a p s f o t i m il r o , e r u t c u rt s , s d r o w t h g ir e h t g n i s o o h c n i t s ri f d e r e d i s n o c . d e s u e b o t g n i o g s i m e h t f o e n O . e g a u g n a l n e tt ir w f o s d n i k y n a m e r a e r e h

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3 o r p r o n o i g e

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n Tribun Jogja (http/:j/ogjat.irbunnew .scom/) , Media Indonesia (h ttp://www.mediaindonesia.com/) , and The Jakarta Post (h ttp://wwwt.hejaka trapos.tcom/).

v o r p o s l a r e p a p s w e n , s w e n g n i d i v o r p s e d i s e

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(18)

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(20)

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(22)

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(23)

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n e tr o h s o t d e tt i m o e r a s e l c it r a e h t ,s r e p a p s w e n t s o m f o e lt it s w e n e h t n I

f o e lt it e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d s i tI . m e h

t anove lo rplayt ha tusest hearitcle .s s

it it a p e H n o e c n a d i u g h s il b u p n o o s o t t v o G : e l p m a x

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ll i

w be ,Gov tto soon pubilsh a guidance on Hepaitits) .(The Jaka tra Post , )

1 1 0 2 , 0 1 r e b m e t p e

S .

.i

ii Verb sareessenital

y lr a e l c r o d e s s e r p x e r e h ti e , s b r e v n i a t n o c t o n o d t a h t s e lt it s w e n e h T

b l l a t a s d a e h t o n y ll a e r e r a , d o o t s r e d n

u u tmere label s(Mulilgan ,1943 :233) . .t

n e m e t a t s e t e l p m o c a e k a m o t d e s u s i b r e v a , e r o f e r e h T

: e l p m a x E

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n I . e l b i s s o p s a d i v i v s a s e lt it s w e n n i d e s u y l n o m m o c s i tI . s t n e v e t s a

(24)

l o o h c S e h t d n a a i d e

M Newspaper, i twa ssaid t hatt o descirbet hepas teven,t t he

e t a e r c n a c e s n e t t n e s e r p f o e s u e h T . e s n e t t s a p e h t f o d a e t s n i d e s u s i e s n e t t n e s e r p

e h t , d e n e p p a h y d a e rl a s a h t n e v e e h t h g u o h tl A . y r o t s e h t o t y c a i d e m m i f o e s n e s e h t

ir t e s n e t t n e s e r p l a c ir o t s i

h est o b irng t her eaderst o t hestiuaiton o reven twhen i t .)

9 9 2 : 6 7 9 1 , k c i d d e R ( d e n e p p a h

i a t u M : e l p m a x

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s o B e h

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n The Jaka tra Post ,

l ir p

A 20 ,2011). .

v Usingacitvevoicet hanpassivevoice e

s u e h

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. b r e v e r o f e b d e tt i m o s i e b o t , e c i o v e v i s s a p e h t e s u o t y r a s s e c e n s i ti n e h w

: e l p m a x E

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1 Honorarydegreeneglect speople’ss uffeirng( acitvevoice) )

2 Bike cou ire rrobbed i n No trh Jakatra (passive voice) .(TheJaka tra Post , )

1 1 0 2 , 0 1 r e b m e t p e S .i

v Usingposiitves tatements

s i h c i h w t n e m e t a t s e v it a g e n a n a h t c it a h p m e e r o m s i t n e m e t a t s e v it i s o p A

g e n a o t s r e d a e r e h t d a e l n a c t n e m e t a t s e v it a g e n f o e s u e h T . k a e

w aitve opinion .

(25)

3 1

e t a b e d r o i n e S “ : e l p m a x

E postponed” i sbettert han“Senio rdebatewli lno tbeheld y

a d i r

F ”.( Mulilgan ,1943 :235)

.i i

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ii

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(26)

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In t henew s itltes ,averb i sused t o makeacompletestatement , ilkewha t t r a p s u o i v e r p e h t n i d e n i a l p x e s a

h in page 11 abou tthe verb a sone o fthe r e h ti e , s b r e v n i a t n o c t o n o d t a h t s e lt it s w e n e h T “ . s e lt it s w e n f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c d n u y lr a e l c r o d e s s e r p x

e erstood ,are really no thead sa tal lbu tmere labels” .) 3 3 2 : 3 4 9 1 , n a g il l u M

( However i n w iritng t he new s itlte ,s t he gramma,r i n t hi s . h s il g n E d r a d n a t s f o r a m m a r g e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d s i , s m r o f b r e v e h t e s a c d n i k l a i c e p s a n i n e tt ir w e r a s e n il d a e h r e p a p s w e N

“ o flanguage wtih ti sown

m o r f s r e f fi d h c i h w r a m m a r g l a i c e p s a e v a h s e n il d a e H . r a m m a r g d n a y r a l u b a c o v ) 0 0 0 2 , a k o e n o Y ( ” s e c n e t n e s y r a n i d r o f o t a h t . . b r e v f o e g a s u h c a e n i d n u o f e b n a c t a h t b r e v f o s m r o f e h t e r a s m r o f b r e V k o o b e h t o t g n i d r o c c

A fo A Gramma ro fContemporary Engilsh, t“he norma l v h s il g n

E erb ha s ifve forms :the BASE ,the –s FORM ,the PAST ,the – gin e h t d n a , E L P I C I T R A

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S i twa sstated t ha t“the verb form s n o n d n a e ti n if n i s n o it c n u f t n e r e f fi d e v a

(27)

5 1

e h t s a e r e h

W – gin paritciple and the – de paritciple are alway s non- ifntie n

i k n ir d / g n il l a c

( g/putitngo rcalled/drunk/pu )t .Thebasef orm t(hef orm whichha s (

” e ti n if n o n s e m it e m o s d n a e ti n if s e m it e m o s s i ) n o it c e lf n i o

n Greenbaum ,1990 :

.) 5

2 In t hef o llowing par,t i twli lbediscussed aboutt heverb f orm sbased on t he f

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s ifntieverbi st heverb whichassetr so rpredicates . tIi s“ilmtied”by ”

r e b m u n d n a n o s r e

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n Harman ,1950 :93 .) n

if e h

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.

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t ,r a m m a r g h s il g n E n

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o n t s i x

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e s u s i t a h t m r o f b r e v a s i e s n e t t n e s e r p e h

(28)

I , e l p m a x e r o f ,s ti b a h r o e m it e h t ll

a learn Engilsh every day ;2) .A t hing t hati s I

, e l p m a x e r o f ,l a r e n e g n i e u

rt amIndonesian ;3) .Aschedule/itmet ableo raplan , s

u b e h t , e l p m a x e r o

f arrives a t5:30 a.m. ;4) .A descirpiton and de ifniiton ,fo r r

o t c o d a , e l p m a x

e worksinahosp tial( Riyanto ,2007 :112 .) n

I new s itlte ,s t heuseoft hepresent t ensei st o desc irbepas tevent. “The n o it i d d a n i : s e s n e t h s il g n E f o m e t s y s e h t n i e s n e t l a t n e m a d n u f e h t s i e s n e t t n e s e r p

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t presen tevents ,i tcan also expres sfuture and pas tevents” (Duskova ,1988 : .)

7 1

2 Hameed in hi saritcle ,Tensei n New sHeadilnes ,stated t hat i n addiiton t o t n e s e r p e h t , e s n e s s i h t n I .s t n e v e t s a p d n a e r u t u f s s e r p x e o s l a n a c t i s t n e v e t n e s e r p

m e t s i e s n e

t poral . Atlhough future reference o f the presen ttense i s usually d e s s e r p x e g n i e b s u h t y ti r u t u f e h t( e m it f o l a i b r e v d a n a h ti w d e t n e m e l p m o c

) y ll a c i x e

l , t hi sneed no talway sbeso ,wtih t hefuture referencebeing clea rfrom t

x e t n o c e h

t (http://wwwi.as.jneti/asj?func=fultlext&aId=17758 , accessed on )

2 1 0 2 , 2 r e b m e v o

N . Howeveri n t hi sstudy,t heuseo fpresentt ensei nnew s itlte s t

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t y lt c e ri d s t n e s e r p e

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(29)

7 1

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)

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h c i h w d o o m e v it a r e p m i e h t s i e l p m a x e t s ri f e h t n i e c n e t n e s d n a m m o c e h T

e p m i e h t s w o h s t i , e l p m a x e d n o c e s e h t n I . e v it a g e n t o n s

i raitve negaitve in

. n o it a n o t n i

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f o k o o

b AGramma ro fPresen t– DayEngilsh,i twa sstated t hatt hei mperaitvei s e

s s e r p x e s i t a h w n i g n it l u s e r n o it c a l a n o it i d n o c a s s e r p x e o t d e s u o s l

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f and.( KruisingaE. ,1915 :60 .) ,

s n o it s e u q y n a m o o t k s A : e l p m a x

E andyou l’ lspoi leverything.( Kruisinga ,1915 : )

(30)

n o it c e n n o c e h

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3 Thepresents ubjuncitve t

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f l e s

ti hast hreeusesi nmodernEngilsh .Frist ,tif ollow sverbs ,nouns ,o radjecitve s m

m o c f o a e d i e h t s s e r p x e t a h

t and ,suggesiton ,o rpossiblitiy. Fo rexample , I .

e v a e l e h t a h t d e t s e g g u

s Thi s use o fthe presen t subjuncitve i scommon in ti

r B n I . h s il g n E n a c ir e m

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v a e l d l u o h s e h t a h

t .Second ,i ti sused in forma lEngilsh in clause sbeginning s

a h c u s s d r o w h ti

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d n a c e w e r o m e lt ti l s i e r e h

t .Third ,i ti sused in cetrain ifxed phrases .Fo r ,

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e fa r be i tfrom me. ” (Http://wwwt.alktalk.co.ukr/eference/dicitonaire s l

m t h . 9 5 8 2 8 0 0 d / a t a d / s il g n e

/ ,r et irevedonJune ,9 2012).

s w e n e h t g n it ir w n i d e s u t o n s i m r o f e v it c n u j b u s t n e s e r p e h t , e r o m r e h tr u F .s e lt it

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i The-s Forms e

h

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t .

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T –s form i n new s itlte si ssimlia rto the m

r o f e s n e t t n e s e r

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9 1

: e l p m a x

E Obamabeginstos ellpivotalj ob splan.

e u c s e r o t g n i k e e s , a m a b O k c a r a B t n e d i s e r P S

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s i h d n

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T Int hebooko fAHandbooko f r

a m m a r G h s il g n

E , i twa sstated t hat t hepast t ensei sa verb form t hati sused t o e h t n i e m it r a l u c it r a p a t a e c a l p k o o t r o d e n e p p a h h c i h w n o it c a n A . ) 1 s s e r p x e

I , e l p m a x e r o f , t s a

p vistied Bal ilas tyear ;2) .Repeated ,habtiua laciton sin the s

y a w l a I , e l p m a x e r o f ,t s a

p wenttomosquea tnight(Riyanto ,2007 :136-137 .) Thepas ttensei sno tused t o f ormnew s itltes. “Thepastt enseort hepas t

s w e n n i d e t c u rt s n o c e r a s e c n e t n e s e v i s s a P . s e n il d a e h n i n e e s n e tf o s i e l p i c it r a p

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T ager sAttacked i n RaceRiot”meanst hatt heblack t eenager swereattacked , e h t , g n i k c a tt a e h t d i d s r e g a n e e t k c a l b e h t f I . e s l e y d o b e m o s d e k c a tt a y e h t t a h t t o n

” k c a tt A s r e g a n e e T k c a l B “ e s n e t t n e s e r p e h t e s u d l u o w e n il d a e

h ” (Hameed ,2008 .)

t a h t s n a e m t i , o

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.

b N -on FintieVerb n

o n

A -ifntie verb i sa verb which ha sno subject ,tense o rnumber .The n

o n y l n

o -ifntieverb form saret he t - o in ifniitve ,- gin paritciple ,o r- de paritciple . n

o n A

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m

il tedbypersono rnumber”( Harman ,1950 :93 .) g

o d e h T : e l p m a x

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e t a c i d e r p o n g n i v a h , e c n e t n e s a n o i s s e r p x e e h

t Harman ,1950 :93 .)

n o n e h

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T i nsn -o ifntieverbi nthebareandto- in ifniitves. .

1 Thebarei n ifniitve

h ti w s e v it i n if n I “ . ’ o t‘ t u o h ti w m r o f e v it i n if n i e h t s i e v it i n if n i e r a b e h

T to

o t d e r r e f e r e r

a speci ifcally a sTo-In ifniitves ,in orde rto disitnguish them from h

c i h w n i ,s e v it i n if n I e r a

B ‘ ot ’i sabsent” (http://www.uc.lac.uki/nternet-grammar / m

t h . 2 n if n i/ s b r e

v , (9 June 2012) .) In the book o f A Handbook o f Engilsh r

a m m a r

G ,i twass tatedt ha tthei n ifniitvewtihou t‘ ot ’ i sused1) .Atfe rc -an could , y

a

m -might ,m -ust have/has/hadto ,s l-hal should ,w ll-i would(Riyanto ,2007 :229 .) .s e lt it s w e n e h t n i d e s u t o n s i m r o f e v it i n if n i e r a b e h t , e r o m r e h tr u F .

2 Theto-in ifniitve

“The to-in ifniitve i sused 1) .A sa subjec to fa sentence ,fo rexample ,to w

o n

k me i sto love me ;2) .A sa modi ife ro fa noun ,fo rexample , Ihave

g n i h t e m o

(33)

1 2

y s a

e to understand ;4) .A samodiife ro faWh- word o raclause, f o rexample , I t

a h w w o n k t ’ n o

d to say ;5) .A sobjec to fce train verb so ra smodi ife ro fcetrain ,

e l p m a x e r o f , s b r e

v IaskShintato come to a seminar ;6) .To expres saperson’ s g

n o K g n o H o t t n e w e h , e l p m a x e r o f , e s o p r u

p to l ook fo ra j ob ;7) .To in ifniitve a

il i c e C r o f t n a tr o p m i s i ti , e l p m a x e r o f ,s t c e j b u s r i e h t h ti

w tot akeaTOEFLclass ;

d e m e e s e h , e l p m a x e r o f , m r o f t c e f r e p h ti w e v it i n if n i o T . )

8 to have known the

s d e e n n e d r a g s i h t , e l p m a x e r o f , m r o f e v i s s a p h ti w e v it i n if n i o T . ) 9 ; r e w s n

a to be

d e r e t a

w . (Riyanto ,2007 :225-228 .)

e h t , s e lt it s w e n e h t n

I to-in ifniitve i sused to show the future plan so r s

n o it a t c e p x e e r u t u

f . “In newspape rand headilne sthe auxiilary verb such a s i

m e s s a l l e w s a ’ ll a h s /l li w

‘ -auxiilary i‘s/aregoing t o are usually used i n case o f a s i t i , s e n il d a e h n i t u B . e m it e r u t u f s s e r p x e o t n o it c u rt s n o c e r u t u f e h t f o m r o f

’ b r e v + o t g n i o g e b ‘ f o d a e t s n i ’ b r e v + o t‘ m r o f e h t e k a t o t n o m m o

c o r‘wli l+

, d e e m a H ( ” d e tt i m o s i e b b r e v e h t d n a b r e v y r a il i x u a n a , s d r o w r e h t o n i ; ’ b r e v

0 0 2 8 .)

a t o y o T : e l p m a x

E tobulidanewplanti nI ndonesia. d

a e l s w e n e h t n

I oft henew ,si twa sstatedt ha tToyotaMoto rCorp ,Asia’ s ,

r e k a m r a c t s e g g i

b willbulidanewf actoryi nI ndonesiat omee tgrowingdemand s a

e h t f o e s u e h T . y rt n u o c e h t n i s r a c i n i m r o

f uxiilary willin t henewsl ead show s lt

it e h t t a h

t ei sexpressingt hef utureplan. .i

i T -he ingPar itcipleForm e

h

T –ingparitciplei sanon- ifn tieverbi ntheprogressiveaspectf ollowing d

n a E

(34)

.

1 Theprogressiveaspectf ollowingBE

h

T e progressive form i sused to show thing stha tare happening a tthe .

g n i k a e p s t n e m o

m In the book o fGramma rand Meaning ,i twa sstated tha tIn f o r e b m u n a s a h h s il g n E , d r o w b r e v e h t f o s m r o f l a n o it c e lf n i e h t o t n o it i d d a

t n I . b r e v e h t f o s m r o f c it s a r h p ir e

p hepeirphrasitcf ormst hemainverbi si n oneo f n

o n e h

t -ifntie form sand i ti spreceded by an auxiilary verb .One se to fthe f o t s i s n o c y e h t :t c e p s a ’ e v it a r u d ‘ r o ’ e v i s s e r g o r p ‘ a s e s s e r p x e s m r o f c it s a r h p ir e p

b r e v e h

t bea san auxiilary and t hepresen tparitcipleof t he main verb (Jackson , 5

8 : 0 9 9

1 -8 6 .) : e l p m a x

E Hei scalilnghe rnow( Greenbaum ,1990 :26)

e l p i c it r a p t n e s e r p e h t t a h t s w o h s e v o b a e c n e t n e s e h t f o e l p m a x e e h T g n il l a

c isf o llowedbyt heauxiilaryis.

u s i e v i s s e r g o r p t n e s e r p e h t , s e n il d a e h n I

“ sed usually to descirbe

t f e l y ll a u s u ) e r a / s i( y r a il i x u a e h t t u b , g n i p o l e v e d r o g n i g n a h c s i t a h t g n i h t e m o s

.) 9 0 4 : 4 8 9 1 , n a w S ( ” t u

o Accordingt oSwan,t heverb–ingoft hef uturet enseand t

u f r a e n r o s s e r g o r p n i s i g n i h t a t a h t s n a e m e v i s s e r g o r p t n e s e r p e h

t u

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