5 th Grade Grammar &
Vocabulary Skills
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Table of Contents
Nouns 3 Plural Nouns 7 Subjects 11 Verbs 14 Linking Verbs 18 Commas 19 Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences 26 Complex Sentences 30 Types of Sentences 33 Pronouns 35 Possessive Nouns 37 Subject -‐ Verb Agreement 40 Verb Tenses 43 Perfect Verb Tenses 49 Conjunctions 58 Prepositions 60 Interjections 63 Correlative Conjunctions 66 Titles of Books 68 Capitalization 70 Quotation Marks 73 Adjectives 78 Adverbs 83 Vocabulary (Prefixes & Suffixes) 88 Vocabulary (Homophones) 120 Greek and Latin Roots 132 Assessments 175-‐185
Noun Review
A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
Look at the following examples.
The nouns are underlined.
Example 1
The boy went to the store.
boy = person store = place Example 2
The picture hanging on the wall was beautiful.
picture = thing wall = thing Guided Practice
Underline the nouns in the following sentences. Then tell if the noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
1. Much of the South was destroyed during the Civil War.
____________________, ____________________
2. Abraham Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union and end the Civil War as quickly as possible.
____________________, ____________________, ____________________, ____________________
3. Andrew Johnson wanted to humiliate the wealthy southerners.
____________________, ____________________, ____________________
4. Congress wanted to punish the South.
____________________, ____________________, ____________________
NOUN =
Person, Place, Thing, or Idea
Nouns Independent Practice
Write the nouns from the following sentences on the lines. Then tell whether the noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
Example
Cowboys drove the herds of cattle across the plains.
Cowboys – person, herds – thing, cattle – thing, plains – place 1. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
______________________________, ______________________________
2. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all former slaves.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
3. The Fifteenth Amendment gave all men the right to vote.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
4. Reconstruction helped former slaves to have hope.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
5. Many former slaves had to work as sharecroppers.
______________________________, ______________________________
6. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish schools and hospitals.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
7. Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of Southerners were called carpetbaggers. ______________________________, ______________________________,
______________________________, ______________________________
Nouns Independent Practice Continued
8. Southerners that supported Reconstruction were called scalawags.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
9. All of the plans for Reconstruction called for an end to slavery.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
10. The South was rebuilt during Reconstruction.
______________________________, ______________________________
Writing
Write three to five sentences telling about something you could do to help someone else this week. Then underline all of the nouns in the sentences. Remember, a noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
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Nouns
Independent Practice
Underline the nouns in the sentences and then write the nouns in the correct box.
1. African Americans wanted to find their families.
2. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the rights of the newly freed slaves.
3. Protection for the rights of African Americans was needed.
4. Most freedmen couldn’t purchase land because they did not have money.
5. Many freedmen worked as sharecroppers.
6. African Americans were able to vote and hold political office during the Reconstruction period.
7. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction.
8. After Reconstruction the Democrats won control of the southern state governments.
9. Terrorist groups like the KKK violated the constitutional fights of freedmen.
10. African Americans established strong communities in the South.
Person/People Place Thing Idea
African Americans Families
Plural Nouns
Plural nouns name more than one person, place, thing, or idea. There are different ways to form plural nouns. Look at the examples below to help you know how to spell plural nouns.
• Rule 1: Usually you just add s to a singular noun to make it plural.
paper/papers drink/drinks school/schools
• Rule 2: However, if a singular noun ends in ch, sh, x, z, s, or ss, then you need to add es to make the noun plural.
fox/foxes bush/bushes dish/dishes
• Rule 3: When a noun ends in a vowel and y, then just add s.
toy/toys key/keys donkey/donkeys
• Rule 4: If a singular noun ends in a consonant followed by y, then change the y to i and add es to make the noun plural.
baby/babies city/cities candy/candies
• Rule 5: For nouns that end in f or fe, change the f or fe to v and add es.
knife/knives half/halves shelf/shelves
• Rule 6: For most nouns that end in o, just add an s to make it plural. All nouns that end in a vowel and an o just need an s added in the plural form.
solo/solos logo/logos studio/studios
• Rule 7: Some nouns that end in o are spelled with es to make the plural.
buffalo/buffaloes hero/heroes tomato/tomatoes
• Rule 8: Some nouns do not follow these rules. They are irregular plural forms.
The spelling of these nouns will need to be memorized.
ox/oxen mouse/mice child/children
• Rule 9: Some nouns do not change from singular to plural. These nouns have the same singular and plural forms.
fish/fish moose/moose headquarters/headquarters sheep/sheep species/species deer/deer
series/series cattle/cattle offspring/offspring
Plural Nouns -‐ Guided Practice
Use rule 1 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. paper
2. minute 3. ski 4. sprout 5. chair
Use rule 2 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. church
2. box 3. gas 4. sandwich 5. kiss
Use rule 3 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. delay
2. survey 3. donkey 4. boy 5. day
Use rule 4 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. country
2. puppy 3. family 4. gallery 5. reality
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. hoof
2. self 3. wolf 4. thief 5. shelf
Use rule 6 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. piano
2. video 3. studio 4. radio 5. memo
Use rule 7 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. hero
2. tomato 3. echo 4. buffalo 5. zero
Use rule 8 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. species
2. child 3. woman 4. man 5. person
Use rule 5 to complete the chart.
Plural Nouns -‐ Independent Practice
Use rule 1 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. school
2. hand 3. pencil 4. flower 5. plastic
Use rule 2 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. reflex
2. bus 3. dress 4. buzz 5. wish
Use rule 3 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. alley
2. play 3. ray 4. tray 5. way
Use rule 4 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. beauty
2. berry 3. party 4. trophy 5. victory
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. wolf
2. loaf 3. calf 4. scarf 5. leaf
Use rule 6 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. photo
2. typo 3. avocado 4. kangaroo 5. taco
Use rule 7 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. potato
2. mango 3. mosquito 4. veto 5. volcano
Use rule 8 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun 1. goose
2. cactus 3. foot 4. mouse 5. scissors
Use rule 5 to complete the chart.
Plural Nouns -‐ Independent Practice
Write the plural form of the noun and then tell which rule you used.
Singular Noun Plural Noun Rule #
Church
Pass
Mess
Moose
Nanny
Fox
Elf
Foot
Bus
Boat
Fly
Hat
Life
Glass
Way
Child
Photo
Torpedo
Person
Fish
Marsh
Buzz
Fairy
Wish
Variety
Subject Review
A subject is a noun that tells who or what the sentence is about.
Example 1 The boy went to the store.
Who went to the store? Boy Example 2
The large machine made a lot of noise.
What made a lot of noise? Machine Guided Practice
Underline the subject in the following sentences. Remember, a subject must be a noun.
Look back to page 2 to see the nouns that have already been identified.
1. Much of the South was destroyed during the Civil War.
2. People could travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad.
3. Andrew Johnson wanted to humiliate the wealthy southerners.
4. Congress wanted to punish the South.
5. Southerners passed Black Codes to limit the freedom of former slaves.
Subject = Noun
Subjects
Independent Practice
Underline the subject in the following sentences. Remember, a subject must be a noun.
Look back to pages 3 and 4 to see the nouns that have already been identified.
1. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
2. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all former slaves.
3. The Fifteenth Amendment gave all men the right to vote.
4. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the rights of the newly freed slaves.
5. Reconstruction helped former slaves to have hope.
6. Many former slaves had to work as sharecroppers.
7. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish schools and hospitals.
8. Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of Southerners were called carpetbaggers.
9. Scalawags were Southerners that supported Reconstruction.
10. All of the plans for Reconstruction called for an end to slavery.
11. The South was rebuilt during Reconstruction.
12. Black Codes would not allow a black man to testify in court against white man.
13. Black Codes allowed African American children who did not have parents to be apprenticed to work for white men.
14. Southerners did not want to give up their way of life.
15. People who opposed slavery did not believe anyone had the right to own anyone a person.
Subjects
Independent Practice
Underline the subject in the following sentences. Remember, a subject must be a noun.
Look back to page 5 to see the nouns that have already been identified.
1. African Americans wanted to find their families.
2. Protection for the rights of African Americans was needed.
3. Most freedmen couldn’t purchase land because they did not have money.
4. Many freedmen worked as sharecroppers.
5. African Americans were able to vote and hold political office during the Reconstruction period.
6. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction.
7. After Reconstruction the Democrats won control of the southern state governments.
8. Terrorist groups like the KKK violated the constitutional fights of freedmen.
9. African Americans established strong communities in the South.
Writing
Write three to four sentences describing someone you know who is a kind person. Then underline the subject in each sentence. Remember, a subject is a noun.
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Verb Review
An action verb shows action.
The verb tells who or what the subject does.
Example 1
Sarah dances everyday.
What does Sarah do? Dances Example 2
Fred plays baseball.
What does Fred do? Plays Guided Practice
You have already found the nouns and the subject of these sentences on previous pages.
Now, circle the verb in each sentence that shows the action of the subject.
5. Much of the South was destroyed during the Civil War.
6. People could travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad.
7. Andrew Johnson wanted to humiliate the wealthy southerners.
8. Congress wanted to punish the South.
9. Southerners passed Black Codes to limit the freedom of former slaves.
Verb =
Action
Verbs
Independent Practice
You have found the nouns and the subject of each of these sentences on previous pages. Now underline the verb that shows the action of the subject.
1. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
2. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all former slaves.
3. The Fifteenth Amendment gave all men the right to vote.
4. The three Reconstruction amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the right of the newly freed slaves.
5. Reconstruction helped former slaves to have hope.
6. Many former slaves had to work as sharecroppers.
7. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish schools and hospitals.
8. Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of Southerners were called carpetbaggers.
9. Southerners that supported Reconstruction were called Scalawags.
10. All of the plans for Reconstruction called for an end to slavery.
11. The South was rebuilt during Reconstruction.
12. Black Codes would not allow a black man to testify in court against white man.
13. Black Codes allowed African American children who did not have parents to be apprenticed to work for white men.
14. Southerners did not want to give up their way of life.
15. People who opposed slavery did not believe anyone had the right to own anyone a person.
Verbs -‐ Independent Practice
You have found the nouns and the subject of each of these sentences on previous pages. Now underline the verb that shows the action of the subject.
1. African Americans wanted to find their families.
2. The three Reconstruction amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the right of the newly freed slaves.
3. When Reconstruction ended there was not protection for the rights of African American.
4. Most freedmen couldn’t purchase land because they did not have money.
5. Many freedmen worked as sharecroppers.
6. African Americans were able to vote and hold political office during the Reconstruction period.
7. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction.
8. After Reconstruction the Democrats won control of the southern state governments.
9. Terrorist groups like the KKK violated the constitutional fights of freedmen.
10. African Americans established strong communities in the South.
Writing -‐ How does it make you feel when you see someone treated wrong? Underline the verb in each sentence.
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Subject and Verb Practice
Remember, the subject has to be a ____________________.
The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.
The verb shows ____________________.
Usually the subject comes before the verb.
Underline the subject and circle the verb.
1. This book was written a long time ago.
2. Most children watch too much television.
3. Kindness should be given to everyone.
4. Some dogs bark too much.
5. Some people swim for exercise.
6. The wind whispered through the forest.
7. Cell phones are very popular among teenagers.
8. The painting fit in the large frame.
9. Do you like to read?
10. Have you ever visited Washington D.C.?
11. The house was built quickly.
12. The chef cooked a great meal.
13. The man drove a nice car.
14. The boys wrestled each other for the football.
15. Birds sing every morning.
A sentence
needs a subject
& a verb.
Linking Verb Review
A linking verb does not show action, but connects or links the subject to the rest of the sentence. Some examples of linking verbs are the following.
am, is, are, was, were, has, become, seem, feel, look Example 1
Sarah is pretty.
Example 2
They were happy.
Guided Practice
Underline the linking verb in each sentence.
1. The Wright Brothers are famous for inviting the airplane.
2. Electricity was a great invention.
3. Immigrants were attracted to the jobs created by big businesses in America.
4. Inventions became very important to the American economy.
5. Big business owners were very wealthy.
Independent Practice
Underline the linking verb in each sentence.
1. Basketball is an international sport that was invented many years ago.
2. Today’s inventions look different than they used to look.
3. Many women were happy when the washing machine was invented.
4. Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone.
5. People were happy to have electricity.
Commas
Always use commas to separate a series of three or more things.
Example:
He likes to play basketball, football, and soccer.
Some people like to go skiing, sledding, or ice skating in the winter.
Guided Practice
Rewrite the sentences and add commas where they belong in the sentences.
1. The Freedmen’s Bureau was set up in the South to provide food schools and medical care. __________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Black Codes denied African Americans the right to vote own guns take certain jobs or own land. _________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Reconstruction was needed in the South because the land had been damaged the Southern economy was destroyed and the Confederate government was powerless.
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4. Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction included the 10% Plan going easy on the South and allowing Ex-‐Confederate soldiers to participate in the new government.
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Use a comma in a series of 3 or more
Commas
Independent Practice
Rewrite the sentences and add commas where they belong in the sentences.
1. The Freedmen’s Bureau was established for refugees freedmen and abandoned lands.
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2. The goal of the KKK was to use violence intimidation and voter fraud against African Americans. ___________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Mountain ranges rivers and deserts formed obstacles for settlers who wanted to move westward. ____________________________________________________________________________________
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4. The major rivers systems of the West that had to be crossed by settlers were the Mississippi the Columbia the Colorado and the Snake Rivers. __________________________
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5. Summers brought drought extreme heat dust storms and swarms of insects that made it difficult for settlers traveling westward. ________________________________________________
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6. The Transcontinental Railroad made a way to travel across the United States helped transport goods across the country and helped the economy. ___________________________
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Commas
Always use a comma to separate the name of someone being addressed.
Example:
Tom, do you like sports?
We need to go to the store, Joe.
I need to go to the store, Joe, to get some milk.
Guided Practice
Place a comma in the sentence where it belongs.
1. Mr. Smith did you grade my homework?
2. Did you grade my homework Mr. Smith?
3. Would you grade my homework Mr. Smith so I can correct it?
4. Sarah please put the biscuits in the oven.
5. I would like to visit the museum Fred.
Independent Practice
Rewrite the sentences and add commas where they belong in the sentences.
1. Did you know that the Wright Brothers started the aircraft industry Brian?
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2. Mrs. Jones I discovered that the light bulb changed working habits of Americans.
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Use a comma
when addressing someone.
Commas -‐ Independent Practice Continued
3. Edison’s invention led to the creation of General Electric Company Mr. Simpson which provided many jobs.
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4. Sally did you know many immigrants were attracted to the jobs in America that were created by big businesses?
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5. Susan can you believe that immigrants worked for low wages and helped American businesses grow?
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6. Ben many unemployed farmers moved to the city to search for industrial work in the early 1900s.
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7. Immigrants faced resistance from native-‐born Americans for a variety of reasons Tim.
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8. Did you know that immigrants Christi created ethnic neighborhoods in the cities?
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Commas
Always use a comma to set off the words yes and no at the beginning of a sentence or to set off a tag question from the rest of the sentence.
Example:
Yes, I want to go to the store.
No, I do not want to go to the store.
It’s true, isn’t it?
Yes, I like music, don’t you?
Guided Practice
Use the appropriate editing mark to insert a comma where it belongs.
1. No he does not want a drink.
2. Yes thank you she does want another serving.
3. You won didn’t you?
Answer each question with a sentence. Be sure to include yes or no at the beginning of the sentence.
4. Do you want to go to the museum?
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5. Do you like ice cream?
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Use a comma after yes or no at the beginning of a sentence.
Commas
Independent Practice
Rewrite each sentence adding the correct punctuation (commas and end punctuation).
1. No we do not want to have homework tonight
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2. Yes she does look beautiful in her new dress
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3. The new shopping mall isn’t very far from here is it
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4. Yes I plan to go to college to get a degree in teaching
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5. You like it don’t you
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6. Yes I do don’t you
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7. Yes I completed my homework
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8. He graduated from Harvard didn’t he
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Commas
Use the following instruction to help you.
1. Always use commas to separate a series of three or more things.
2. Always use a comma to separate the name of someone being addressed.
3. Always use a comma to set off the words yes and no at the beginning of a sentence.
4. Always use a comma to set off a tag question from the rest of the sentence.
Independent Practice
Place a comma where one belongs in the following sentences.
1. Dogs like treats warm beds and a pat on the back.
2. No Fred does not have a dog.
3. Yes Ted does have a dog.
4. You have a dog don’t you?
5. Mindy do you have dog?
6. Yes you can pet the dog.
7. Timmy do you have a leash we can borrow?
8. The dog is beautiful isn’t it?
9. Yes it is.
10. Mom would you buy a dog?
Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences
A conjunction is a connecting word. The most common conjunctions are and, but, and or.
Always use a conjunction and a comma to connect two simple sentences into one compound sentence.
Why should you use a compound sentence? A compound sentence may help to create better sentence fluency.
Examples AND
Use the conjunction ‘and’ to connect two similar thoughts.
Example: I washed the car. I cleaned my room.
I washed the car, __________ I cleaned my room.
BUT
Use the conjunction ‘but’ to connect contrasting thoughts.
Example: She wanted to go to the store. He wanted to go to the park.
She wanted to go to the store, __________ he wanted to go to the park.
OR
Use the conjunction ‘or’ to show alternative thoughts.
Example: We can go to the water park. We can go to the swimming pool.
We can go the water park, __________ we can go to the swimming pool.
.
Use a conjunction &
a comma to join two simple sentences.
Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences Guided Practice
1. When do you use the conjunction ‘and’?
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2. When do you use the conjunction ‘but’?
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3. When do you use the conjunction ‘or’?
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4. What two things do you need to join two simple sentences into one compound sentence?
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Use the conjunction given to combine the two simple sentences into a compound sentence.
5. Science is an ongoing process. There is always more to learn. (and)
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6. There are many skills a scientist can use. The six basic process skills are essential.
(but) __________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. All of the your senses may be needed for an observation. You may only need to use one of your senses for an observation. (or)
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Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences Independent Practice
Use the conjunction given to combine the two simple sentences into a compound sentence.
1. Abraham Lincoln wanted to be easy on the South after the Civil War. The Radical Republicans wanted to be hard on the South. (but) _____________________________________
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1. African Americans could stay in the South and become sharecroppers. African Americans could move north to find a job. (or) _________________________________________
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2. The 13th Amendment freed the slaves everywhere in the United States. The 14th amendment gave African Americans citizenship in the U.S.A. (and) ___________________
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3. The 15th amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. Some people in the South tried to keep African Americans from voting by administering literacy tests.
(but) __________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Abraham Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union. Abraham Lincoln wanted to end the Civil War as quickly as possible. (and) _______________________________________________
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Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences Independent Practice
Use a comma and a conjunction to join the two simple sentences. Write the new compound sentence.
1. Inferences are important. You must make observations before you can make an inference. (but)
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2. Quantitative observations are observations that can be measured with numbers.
Qualitative observations are observations that are made with your senses. (and) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. You can communicate information through talking. Communication can take place through a written form. (or)
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4. Scientists use process skills. These skills help scientists to gather information. (and) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause that can stand alone as a sentence and at least one dependent clause that cannot stand alone.
Example:
SIMPLE SENTENCES
Her friend was invited to the party. She did not want to go.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Her friend was invited to the party, but she did not want to go.
COMPLEX
Although her friend was invited to the party, she did not want to go.
Guided Practice
In the following sentences identify the independent clause and the dependent clause.
Example:
1. Even though there are many skills a scientist can use, there are six basic process skills that are essential.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
2. Even though some science investigations do not require quantitative observations, there are some that require both quantitative and qualitative observations.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
You’ve got this!
Complex Sentences Independent Practice
1. Although the Wright Brothers originally built bicycles, they developed a love for aviation.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
2. Before the light bulb, factory workers could only work during daylight hours.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
3. After the invention of the light bulb, factories had longer working hours that their employees worked.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
4. Even though some Americans welcomed immigrants, there were others that did not want immigrants to come to America.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
5. Even though immigrants were not always welcomed, they supplied a great part of the labor force that helped to make the U.S. the world’s largest industrial power.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
Compound and Complex Sentence Review Independent Practice
Determine what type of sentence and write compound or complex for each sentence.
1. After practicing for several months, he made the team! ____________________
2. If you want to be healthy, you should exercise often. ____________________
3. I like to go to the park, and I like to watch movies. ____________________
4. When the weather is nice people like to go to the park. ____________________
5. He likes to play softball, but he can’t play today. ____________________
6. She cooked dinner, and he cleaned the dishes. ____________________
7. Since she studied for the test she did well on the test. ____________________
8. Fred wants to go outside, but first he must do his homework. ____________________
9. Do you like to use a pencil, or do you like to use a pen? ____________________
10. If it rains today, we will play inside. ____________________
Writing
Write a paragraph about your favorite thing to do. You must include at least one compound sentence or one complex sentence.
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