i
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE STRUCTURES
PRODUCED BY THE FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF STATE
INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES SALATIGA
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment of the requirements
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) English Education Department of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies
BY :
LUKAS KRIS MUNANDAR
113 09 035
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN)
SALATIGA
ii
DECLARATION
In the name Allah,
Hereby the writer declares that this graduating paper is made by the writer
himself. This paper does not contain any materials which have been published by
other people; and it does not cite any other people’s ideas except the information
from the references. This declaration is written by the writer to be understood.
Salatiga, September 15th 2016
The writer
LUKAS KRIS MUNANDAR NIM. 113 09 035
iii
Salatiga, 15 September 2016
Rr Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, S. S, M. Pd The Lecturer of English Education Department State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR'S NOTE:
Case: Lukas Kris Munandar’s Graduating Paper
Dear
The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Assalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb
After reading and correcting Lukas Kris Munandar’s graduating paper entitled “AN
ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE STRUCTURES PRODUCED BY THE
FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES SALATIGA
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016" I have decided and would like to purpose
that it if could be accepted by Teacher Training and Education Faculty, I hope this
graduating paper can be examined as soon as possible.
Wassalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
Salatiga, 15 September 2016 Counselor
iv
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 2 Telp (0298) 6031364 Salatiga 50716 Website: tarbiyah.iainsalatiga.ac.id Email: tarbiyah@iainsalatiga.ac.id
A GRADUATING PAPER
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE STRUCTURES PRODUCED BY THE
FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES SALATIGA
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016
Written by :
LUKAS KRIS MUNANDAR NIM : 113 09 035
Has been brought to the board of examiners of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga on Friday, September 30th, 2016 and hereby considered to complete the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd.).
Board of Examiners,
Head : Noor Malihah, M.Hum., Ph.D _________________
Secretary : Rr. Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, S.S., M.Pd _________________
First examiners : Setia Rini, M.Pd _________________
Second examiners : Mashlihatul Umami, M.A _________________
Salatiga, 4 October 2016 Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Suwardi, M.Pd
v
MOTTO
Education is the most powerful weapon in which you can use to
change the world
vi DEDICATION
This graduating paper is dedicated to :
1. Allah SWT who gives me guidance and strength in my life, especially to finish
my graduating paper.
2. My mother and father who teach me everything with love and knowledge.
Thanks for everything that you do to me until now.
3. My uncle and my aunt who give me chances to grow better with you.
4. My brother and sister, and all of my big family that cannot be mentioned one
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful, The
Lord of Universe. Because of Him, the writer could finish this graduating paper as
one of the requirement for Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) in English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education faculty State Institute for Islamic
Studies (IAIN) Salatiga. Secondly, peace and salutation always be given to our
prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided us from the darkness to the lightness.
However
,
this success would not be achieved without supports, guidance,advices, helps, and encouragements from individual and institution. Therefore, in
this moment the writer would like to express his deepest gratitude and
appreciation to:
1. Dr. Rahmat Hariyadi, M.Pd. as the Rector of State Institute for Islamic
Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
2. Suwardi, M. Pd, as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
3. Noor Malihah, M.Hum,. P.hD. as the head of English Education Department
4. Rr Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari S.S., M.Pd. as a counselor who has educated,
supported, directed and given the writer advices, suggestions, and
recommendations for this graduating paper from beginning until the end
5. Hanung Triyoko, M.Hum, M.Ed as an academic counselor who has supported
and guided the writer during this time in English Education Department of
viii
6. All of the lecturers in English Education Department, the writer deeply thanks
to you all for your knowledge, advices, kindness and for everything
7. My lovely mother and father, thanks for everything you do to me until now
8. My lovely brother and sister, thanks for your motivation, kindness, and love
9. My dearest classmates of TBI especially TBI-B 2009
10. My lovely friends in SMC, thanks for togetherness during this time in State
Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
11. All of my friends who cannot be mentioned one by one. May Allah bless you
Finally this graduating paper is expected to be able to provide useful
knowledge and information to the readers. The writer is pleased to accept more
suggestion and contribution from the readers for the improvement of the
graduating paper.
Salatiga, September 15th 2016
The writer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
DECLARATION ... ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES ... iii
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
LIST OF TABLES ... xi
LIST OF DIAGRAMS ... xii
ABSTRACT ... xiii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ... 1
A.Background of the Study ... 1
B.Problems of the Study ... 3
C.Objectives of the Study ... 3
D.Limitations of the Study ... 4
E. Benefits of the Study ... 4
F. Definition of the Key Terms ... 5
G.Organization of the Graduating Paper... 8
CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK ... 9
A.Previous Studies ... 9
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C.Sentence Structure ... 10
D.Conjunction ... 16
E. Text ... 17
F. Genre of Text ... 17
G.Descriptive Text ... 19
H.Language Features Of Descriptive Text... 20
CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH ... 21
A.Research Design ... 21
B.Object of the Study ... 21
C.Method of Data Collection ... 22
D.Method of Data Analysis ... 23
E. Validating the Data ... 26
CHAPTER IV : FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 27
A.Type of Sentence Structure ... 27
B.Profile of Sentence Structure ... 28
CHAPTERV : CLOSURE ... 49
A.Conclusions ... 49
B.Suggestions ... 49
REFERENCES
xi
LIST OF TABLES
4.1 Types of sentence structure ... 27
4.2 Patterns of simple sentence ... 28
4.3 Examples of SV pattern ... 29
4.4 Example of SSV pattern ... 31
4.5 Examples of SVV pattern ... 31
4.6 Kinds of coordinating conjunction in compound sentence ... 32
4.7 Examples of "and" as coordinating conjunction ... 34
4.8 Examples of "but" as coordinating conjunction ... 36
4.9 Example of "so" as coordinating conjunction ... 37
4.10 Kinds of subordinating conjunction in complex sentence ... 37
4.11 Example of "after" as subordinating conjunction ... 39
4.12 Examples of "although" as subordinating conjunction... 40
4.13 Examples of "because" as subordinating conjunction ... 41
4.14 Examples of "if" as subordinating conjunction ... 42
4.15 Example of "since" as subordinating conjunction ... 44
4.16 Examples of "that" as subordinating conjunction ... 44
4.17 Examples of "when" as subordinating conjunction ... 45
4.18 Example of "while" as subordinating conjunction ... 46
xii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
4.1 Types of sentence structure ... 27
4.2 Patterns of simple sentence ... 29
4.3 Kinds of coordinating conjunction in compound sentence ... 33
xiii ABSTRACT
Kris Munandar, Lukas. Graduating Paper. 2016. “An Analysis of the Sentence Structures Produced by the Fourth Semester Students of English Education Department of State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga in the Academic Year 2015/2016”
This study is intended to investigate the structure of the sentences in the
students' descriptive texts Writing 3 assignment. This study is qualitative. The
collected data is analyzed by the writer after documentating the descriptive text
written by the students. The questions of the study are 1) What sentence structures
exist in the descriptive text?. 2) What are the profile of the sentence structures
which are written by the students?. The results of this study show that 1) The type
of sentence structure are simple sentence (89.8%), compound sentence (4.0%),
complex sentence (5.8%), and compound complex (0.4%). 2) The profile of the
sentence structures : the most dominant of simple sentence is Subject Verb pattern
(98%), compound sentence is "and" as coordinating conjunction (72.2%), and
complex sentence is "because" as subordinating conjunction (30.7%).
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Generally, one of the target of teaching and learning in English at
school is to create the students are able to communicate both in spoken and
in written language. Writing has important part besides the other three
skills in English (listening, speaking, and reading). By writing, the
students can communicate with others across places and time. However,
the students’ inability to communicate through written language becomes
a problem at school. Most of students are still poor writers. The students'
has difficulties in writing. It can be seen when students have to write a
simple essay, simple paragraph or sentence. They often look confuse about
what they have to write. It happens because the students are still confuse to
think abstractly, so that this influence the students learning process.
Heaton (1988:135) states that "writing is complex and difficult to
teach and also to learn, requiring mastery not only of grammatical but also
conceptual and judgmental elements". From this statement, writing skill
requires some aspects of English such as mastery of structure, grammar
and vocabulary. Even, the students who have ideas and master many
vocabularies cannot write a good composition. The teachers usually teach
their students by using grammar translation method that is asking the
students' sentence structures and making them in paragraph. To make a
2
conventions of target language. The students must apply the five general
components of the writing process ; content, form, grammar, style, and
mechanic. However, the students are still influenced by Indonesian
sentence structures in making and composing the structure of English
sentence in writing sentence, paragraph, and essay.
The sentence structures can be learned more in syntax. Parker
(1986:47) suggests that "in syntax we learn how to construct phrases,
clauses, and sentences". Meanwhile, Atkinson (1982:145) says that
"syntax focuses on the composition of meaningful degrees of sentence".
Thus, we conclude that syntax concerns in the construction of sentences
and its meaning.
According to Langan (2003:139), there are four types of sentence
structures, those are simple sentence, compound sentence, complex
sentence, and compound complex sentence. Some students usually do not
write all of types of the sentence structure in their English assignment,
may be only one or two types of the sentence structures that used by the
students. The writer is interested about the variation of sentence structures
written by the students. So the writer are able to know their tendency in
writing their assigment.
Based on the condition above, the writer wants to know the
students' sentence structures when they write some assignments from the
lecturer. Furthermore, the writer inspires to apply “AN ANALYSIS OF
3
SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016".
B. Problems of the Study
Based on the previous background, the writer formulates a research
question as follows :
1. What types of sentence structure produced by the fourth semester
students of English Education Department of State Institute for Islamic
Studies Salatiga in the academic year 2015/2016?
2. How is the profile of types of sentence structure produced by the
fourth semester students of English Education Department of State
Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga in the academic year 2015/2016?
C. Objectives of the Study
This research has some purposes, namely :
1. To find out the types of sentence structure produced by the fourth
semester students of English Education Department of State Institute
for Islamic Studies Salatiga in the academic year 2015/2016.
2. To find out the profile of types of sentence structure produced by the
fourth semester students of English Education Department of State
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D. Limitations of the Study
In this analysis, the writer analyzes the sentences of students'
descriptive texts assignment written by the fourth semester students of
English Education Department.
E. Benefits of the Study
This research is conducted in order to give theoretical and practical
benefits.
1. Theoritical benefit
This analysis enhances the study of writing, especially
concerning with the type of sentence structures. It can help both the
teachers and students to improve in learning process, that is writing
skills in descriptive text.
2. Practical benefits
This research findings can be used by the students, lecturer, and
other researchers. It will also be useful to other researchers who are
interested in writing analysis.
a. For students
1) This graduating paper can improve their skill in writing of
descriptive text.
2) The students are able to write a composition using correct
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3) The students are able to know the types of sentences in writing
text.
b. Other researchers
This analysis is useful for English Education department
students who are interested in studying syntax. Furthermore, they
can use this graduating paper as a reference for their analysis.
F. Definition of the Key Terms
1. Sentence
A sentence is a group of words which is usually a grammatically
complete statement. A sentence generally is a group of words which
are together and tell an idea, event or description. Function of sentence
can be defined a full of predication containing a subject plus a
predicate with a finite verb”. A sentence consists of full group of
words conveying a message and appropriate to the grammatical rule of
a language (Hurford 1983:18).
2. Sentence structure
Farlex (2009) defined that sentence structure is the grammatical
arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. The
grammatical meaning of a sentence is dependent on this structural
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In traditional grammar, the four basic types of sentence
structures are the simple sentence, the compound sentence, the
complex sentence, and the compound-complex sentence. Frank
(1972:222-223) devided sentence based on the number of full
predications into 4 types :
a. Simple sentences
The sentences have only one full predication in the form of an
independent clause.
b. Compound sentences
The sentences have two or more full predications in the form of an
independent clauses.
c. Complex sentences
The sentences also have two or more full predications. One of these
is an independent clause (or, main clause) that is similar to the form
of the simple sentence, and one or more of these are dependent
clauses (or, subordinate clauses).
d. Compound-complex sentences.
Compound-complex sentences contain two or more independent
clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
3. Conjunction
According to Ansell (2000:454), "a conjunction may be used
7
and the ideas expressed in the rest of a sentence. In English, there are
3 kinds of conjunctions :
1. Coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunction is words that connect two
sentences or words that involved with others in the same level.
There are seven coordinating conjunction : for, and, nor but, or, yet,
so.
2. Subordinating conjunction
Subordinating conjunction is a word to connect the
subordinate clause (dependent clause) and main clause
(independent clause). There are after, before when , while , as, if,
because , until, etc.
3. Correlative conjunction
Correlative conjunction is used in pairs, in order to show the
relationship between the ideas expressed in different parts of
sentence. There are both...and, either...and, neither...nor, etc.
4. Text
A text is a stretch of language which seems appropriately
coherent in actual use. That is, the text ‘coheres’ in its real-world
context, semantically and pragmatically, and it is also internally or
8
G. Organization of the Graduating Paper
In this section, there are five chapters and the writers want to
discuss some parts of systematic of writing paper. Chapter I is
introduction. It contains of the backgrounds of the study, problems of the
study, objectives of the study, limitations of the study, benefits of the
study, definitions of the key terms, and organization of the graduating
paper. Chapter II is theoritical framework. It contains of the previous
studies, definition of sentence, sentence structure, conjunction, discourse,
text, genre of text, descriptive text and the language feature of descriptive
text. Chapter III is research method. It contains of research methodology,
object of the research, method of data collection, and method of data
analysis. Chapter IV is finding and disccusion. It presents the data analysis
which have collected . Chapter V is closure. It contains of conclusion and
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CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A.Previous Studies
The writer took the study that related to this graduating paper. There
were two study that related to this graduating paper. Those were Kurnia's
graduating paper (2015), and Ginting's thesis (2009). The differences between
Kurnia's graduating paper and my study are the object of the study and the
focused sentences' structures. The object of previous study is hotel brochure,
but my object of the study is the students' writing assignment of Writing 3. The
previous study focused on simple and compound sentences, but my study
focused on simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, and
compound complex sentence.
The differences between Ginting's thesis and my study are the object of
the study and the focused sentences' structures. The object of her thesis is
Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire play, but my object of the study is the students' writing assignment of Writing 3. The similarity of her
thesis and my study was focused on simple, compound, complex, and
compound complex sentences.
B.Sentence
A sentence is a group of words which is usually a grammatically
complete statement. A sentence generally is a group of words which are
10
defined a full of predication containing a subject plus a predicate with a finite
verb”. A sentence consists of full group of words conveying a message and
appropriate to the grammatical rule of a language (Hurford 1983:18). It means
that to make a sentence, it must consists of two or more words. At lease subject
and verb in a sentence.
C.Sentence Structures
Farlex (2009) defined that sentence structure is the grammatical
arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. The grammatical
meaning of a sentence is dependent on this structural organization, which is
also called syntax or syntactic structure.
Langan (2003:139) devided sentence structure into 4 types :
a. Simple sentences
A simple sentence can be two words, three, or more. It just has to
have a verb (an action, or being, or possessing) and a subject (something or
someone that’s doing the verb). Simple sentence also called an “independent
clause”. According to Langan (2003:139), there are four kinds of simple
sentences and examples of simple sentences.
1) Simple sentence has a single subject-verb combination. (S V)
Example : - Children play.
- The game ended early.
- My car stalled three times last week.
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2) Simple sentence may have more than one subject. (S S V)
Example : - Lola and Tony drove home.
- The wind and water dried my hair.
3) Simple sentence may have more than one verb. (S V V)
Example : - The children smiled and waved at us.
- The lawn mower smoked and sputtered.
4) Simple sentence may have more subject and verb. (S S V V)
Example : - Manny, Moe, and Jack lubricated my car, replaced the oil
filter, and cleaned the spark plugs.
It can be concluded that there are 4 types of simple sentence. That are
subject + verb pattern, subject + subject + verb pattern, subject + verb +
verb pattern, subject + subject + verb + verb pattern.
b. Compound sentences
A compound sentence has two independent clauses. An independent
clause is a part of a sentence that can stand alone because it contains a
subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. A compound sentence
is made up of two (or more) simple sentences. According Langan
(2003:140), The two complete statements in a compound sentence are
usually connected by a comma plus a joining word. Those joining words
are:
1) For (S V, for S V)
Example : He didn’t come last night, for he fell asleep.
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Example : Vina and Amel wake up at 5:00 am, and they go to school
at 6:30 am.
3) Nor (S V, nor S V)
Example : Arleen’s could not play with that boy, nor could she play
with that other boy.
4) But (S V, but S V)
Example : I need to go to the store, but I’m feeling too sick to drive.
5) Or (S V, or S V)
Example : You could cry like a baby, or you can clean your room like
a man.
6) Yet (S V, yet S V)
Example : The little boy did not like to go to school, yet he went
anyway.
7) So (S V, so S V)
Example : I wanted to buy a new house, so I started to save my money.
Compound sentence express more than one complete thought and a
conjunction always followed by comma, except for short sentence. It can be
concluded that there are 7 types of coordinating conjunction of compound
sentences. That are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so as coordinating conjunction
13 c. Complex sentences
A complex sentence is an independent clause joined by one or more
dependent clauses. A dependent clause either lacks a subject or a verb or has
both a subject and a verb that does not express a complete thought. Such
sentences also have two or more full predications. One of these is an
independent clause (or, main clause) that is similar to the form of the simple
sentence, and one or more of these are dependent clauses (or, subordinate
clauses). According to Langan (2003:142), a complex sentence is made up
of a simple sentence (a complete statement) that begins with dependent
word. Those dependent word are :
1) After
Example : After she cleaned the windows, she decided to stop working
for a while.
2) Although
Example : I didn’t like the movie although the actor is so famous.
3) As
Example : The zoo is very big as I thought.
4) Because
Example : Because she had free time during last holiday, she
rearranged her house.
5) Before
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6) Even though
Example : Diana is beautiful even though she looks pale.
7) How
Example : Dad knows how to fix a car.
8) If
Example : If you don’t want to be with me anymore, I will never
bother you again.
9) In order that
Example : You need to smile in order that she likes you.
10) Since
Example : He always study hard since he got bad score in math.
11) That
Example : It is the car that I has dreamed for many years ago.
12) Unless
Example : You may sign the attendance list unless you come on time.
13) Until
Example : We’ll stay at home until you come back
14) What
Example : She always like what I do with my car.
15) When
Example : He was cleaning the kitchen when he found a lot of expired
15 16) Where
Example : This is the restaurant where we met at the first time.
17) Which
Example : I love that picture which can make me happy.
18) While
Example : My sister is an excellent cook, while I can’t even fry an egg.
19) Who
Example : The girl who is reading a novel is my sister.
20) Whose
Example : I know the person whose has this bag.
It can be concluded that there are 20 types of subordinating conjunction of
complex sentences. That are after, although, as, because, before, even
though, how, if, in order that, since, that, unless, until, what, when, where,
which, while, who, and whose as subordinating conjunction in complex
sentence.
d. Compound-complex sentences.
According to Langan (2003:146), a compound complex sentence is
made up of two (or more) simple sentences and one (or more) dependent
statements. It means that compound-complex sentences contain two or more
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. The sentence are
combined according to the same rules that apply to compound and complex
16
Example : 1. When the power line snapped, Jack was listening to the
stereo, and Linda was reading in bed.
2. After I returned to school following a long illness, the math
teacher gave me makeup work, but the history instructor
made me drop her course.
D.Conjunction
According to Ansell (2000:454), "a conjunction may be used to indicate
the relationship between the ideas expressed in a clause and the ideas expressed
in the rest of a sentence. In English, there are 3 kinds of conjunctions :
A. Coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunction is words that connect two sentences or words that
involved with others in the same level. There are seven coordinating
conjunction : for, and, nor but, or, yet, so.
B. Subordinating conjunction
Subordinating conjunction is a word to connect the subordinate clause
(dependent clause) and main clause (independent clause). There are after,
before when , while , as, if, because , until, etc.
C. Correlative conjunction
Correlative conjunction is used in pairs, in order to show the relationship
between the ideas expressed in different parts of sentence. There are
17
E.Text
A text is a meaningful linguistic unit in a context. A linguistic unit is a
phoneme or a morpheme or a phrase or a clause, or a sentence or a discourse.
(Siahaan, 2008:1). Meaningful is full of meaning. Context refers to either
linguistic context or non linguistic context. Linguistic context is the linguistic
unit before and after a text. Non linguistic context is outside a text. So a text is
any meaningful linguistic unit in both linguistic context and non linguistic
context.
F. Genre of Text
“Genre is used to refer to particular text-types, not to traditional
varieties of literature, and it is a type or kind of text, defined in terms of
its social purposes; also the level of context dealing with social purpose”
(Hartono, 2005:6). The meaning of the genres intended is that students are
able to understand the concept and they would be able to identify a kind of
texts that students will have to write.
Genre are kind of text that each of them has communicative purpose,
text structure and characteristics of linguistic. Language is social phenomena
and that to use language – to speak or write is to be engaged in an entirely
social activities (Smith:1990) as quoted by (Himawati, 2009:21). It means that
anything about language is the kind of words. We use sentences, we construct
18
According Hartono (2005:6), There are fourteen types of genre text,
those are :
1. Recount is a kind of genre used to retell events for the purpose of
informing or entertaining.
2. Narrative is a kind of genre used to amuse, to entertain and to deal with
actual or various experiences in different ways.
3. News story is a factual text which informs readers events of the day which
are considered newsworthy or important.
4. Anecdote is a kind of genre used to share with others an account of an
unusual or amusing incident.
5. Spoof is a kind of genre used to retell an event with a humorous twist.
6. Procedure is a kind of genre used to describe how something is
accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps.
7. Explanation is a kind of genre used to explain the processes involved in
the formation or workings of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
8. Report is a kind of genre used to describe the way things are, with
reference to arrange or natural, manmade and social phenomena in our
environment.
9. Analytical exposition is a kind of genre used to persuade the reader or
listener to take action on some matter.
10. Discussion is a kind of genre used to present (at least) two points of view
19
11. Description is a kind of genre used to describe a particular person, place or
thing.
12. Review is a kind of genre used to critique an art work or event for a public
audience.
13. Commentary is a kind of genre used to explain the processes involved in
the information (evolution) of a social-cultural phenomenon, as though a
natural phenomenon.
14. Hortatory exposition is a kind of genre used to persuade the reader or
listener that something should or should not be the case.
G.Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like.
Descriptive text is likes describe white house, animals, fruits, etc (Mukarto,
2007:140)". From Mukarto statement, the purpose of descriptive text is to
describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. According to Hartono
(2005:7), "there are two generic structure of descriptive text, those are
identification and description". Identification is about identifying the
phenomenon to be described. Description is about describing the phenomenon
in parts, qualities, or / and characteristics. It means that a descriptive text
20
H.Language Feature
Accoding to Hammond (1992:35), "descriptive often uses 'be' and
'have'. Tense which is often used is Simple Present Tense. However, some
times it uses Past tense if the thing to be described doesn't exist anymore".
There are some language features of descriptive text, those are :
1. Focus on spesific participants
(My English teacher, my favourite place, Andini's cat)
2. Using simple present tense
(use simple past tense if extinct)
3. Verbs of being and having 'Relational Processes'.
(My mum is really cool, She has long black hair)
4. Use of descriptive adjectives
(Strong legs, white fangs)
5. Use of detailed Noun Phrase to give information about the subject.
(A very beautiful scenery, a sweet young lady, very thick fur)
6. Use of action verbs 'Material Processes'
(It eats grass, It runs fast)
7. Use of adverbials to give additional information about behaviour
(Fast, at tree house)
8. Use of figurative language
21 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
A. RESEARCH DESIGN
According to Hancock (2009:6) "qualitative focuses on reports of
experience or on data which cannot be adequately expressed numerically
and focuses on description and interpretation and might lead to
development of new concepts or theory, or to an evaluation of an
organisational process". This study used a qualitative research as the research
design because the data of this study was in form of words. The writer
analyzed the data in not statistic procedure. The writer analyzed what the
types of sentence structure that written by the students, and describe the
students tendency in writing a sentence in their assignment. This study
focused on analyzing and describing sentences structure on students'
descriptive texts as the assignment of Writing 3 class.
B. OBJECT OF THE STUDY
The objects of the study were the students' descriptive texts which were
written by the fourth semester students of English Education Department of
State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga in the academic year 2015/2016.
According to Ari Kunto (2006:134) "when the subject is less than 100, it is
better to take all of subject and it becomes population of the research.
22
The writer took 23% out of 181 texts, and there were only 40 texts were used
as the objects of the study.
C. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
According to Arikunto (2006:206) "documentation is find out data on
things or variables such as notes, transcripts, books, office mail, magazines,
inscription, meeting minutes, meeting agendas, etc". In this study the writer
used the descriptive texts written by the students, and those data were
documented in the past and used as research data.
The procedures of collecting data :
1. I looked for the name of the lecturer of Writing 3
2. I counted the total of students of Writing 3, and the total was 181
3. I took the sample from 181 students, and finally I took 40 students'
descriptive texts as my object of the study
4. I asked Writing 3's assignment on descriptive texts to the lecturer (it was
documented at first and second meeting of Writing 3)
5. The lecturer sent me 40 students' assignment by e-mail
23
D. METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
1. Categorizing
In this activity, the writer categorized every sentence of students'
descriptive texts based on the types of sentence structure. It aimed to find
out the type of sentences' structures that used by the students.
Here is the example of categorizing descriptive text :
My Wonder Mom
Written by : VILLA SHOFA ZAIN
My mother is a very beautiful woman. Her tall is about 155 cm.
Simple Sentence Simple Sentence
She has a black and straight hair. She also has a flat nose that makes her
Simple Sentence Simple Sentence
beautiful. Her eyes are black like me. My mother has light brown skin
Simple Sentence Simple Sentence
like most of women in Indonesia. My mom is not fat but not skinny too
(Data Error because no coma)
and her weight is about 53 kg.
She is a wonder , friendly, and patient woman. My mom loves
Simple Sentence
her family so much. She is a one of mom the best in this world. My
24
mother always keeps her home clean and healthy. She is very smart to
Simple Sentence
make delicious food. I loved food made by her especially her Sayur
Simple Sentence Simple Sentence
Asem-Asem.
My mom also has a high social soul. Always to help neighbors
Simple Sentence
and friend who are in trouble. My mother is so disciplined with religion.
Simple Sentence Simple Sentence
She is very diligent to always reminds us to continue praying to God.
(Data Error, should "to+Vinfinitive)
There are still a lot of things that I could not say about my mother
Complex Sentence
because I think my mom is a perfect mother for my life and my family.
I wish I could find a mother like her for my children in the future.
(Data Error, "find" should "be"
2. Coding and Analyzing
a. Coding
25 Sentence 1
T 1 S 1
Text 1
T10 : Text 10
S9 : Sentence 9
b. Analyzing
In this activity, the writer analyzed every sentence based on the
John Langan's theories about sentence structures. In simple sentence,
the writer marked the words that included into subject and verb. In
compound sentence, the writer marked the words that included into
subject, verb, and coordinating conjunction. In complex sentence, the
writer marked the words that include into independent clause,
dependent clause, and subordinating conjunction. In compound
complex sentence, the writer marked the words that include into simple
sentences, and dependent clause.
Here is the example of analyzing the data :
No. Complex
Sentence Sentence Coding
1. Simple sentence
Strawberry comes from
S V
America, precisely in town of
Chili.
26
2. Compound
sentence
She is very expert in cooking,
S V
After they reach the location, the
SC DC
drivers have to say “Thank you”.
IC
T30
S11
4. Compound
complex sentence
She does not like mineral water
simple sentence
because she likes sweet water,
SC dependent clause
and she does not like mineral
CC simple sentence
water.
E. VALIDATING THE DATA
The data of this study have been validated by Risa Suryani. She is the
lecturer of SIBI subject in State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga, so she
is a good person to validate the data of the study. She validated my data
27 CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCCUSION
A.Type of Sentences' Structures
After the writer analyzed the data, the writer found the following data :
Table 4.1
Types of sentence structure
No. Sentences' Structure Occurance
(in number)
Occurrence
(%)
1. Simple Sentence 404 89.8%
2. Compound Sentence 18 4.0%
3. Complex Sentence 26 5.8%
4. Compound Complex
Sentence 2 0.4%
Total 450 100%
Total number of the data that found in students' descriptive text was 457
sentences. Total simple sentence in students' descriptive text was 90.2% from
number of data. Total compound sentence was 4.0% from total of number data.
Total complex sentence was 5.8% from total of number data. Total compound
complex was 0.4% from total of number data. Types of sentence structure that
28 Diagram 4.1
Types of sentence structure
B.Profile of Sentence Structure
1. Simple Sentence
The detail of the patterns of simple sentence that found in the students'
descriptive texts are in the following data :
Table 4.2
Patterns of simple sentence
No. Simple Sentence Occurrence
(in number)
29
From the data above, the writer concluded that the dominant pattern
of simple sentence that used by the students was SV pattern. SSV pattern
was in the second position. Then SVV pattern was in the third position. The
last was SSVV pattern because the students did not apply the SSVV pattern
in their descriptive texts. The comparison of the patterns of simple sentence
that found in the students' descriptive texts can be seen in this following
diagram 4.2.
Diagram 4.2 Patterns of simple sentence
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
30
America, precisely in town of Chili.
T2 S1
2. SV Strawberry has many benefits. S V T2 S10
3. SV
My mother is a very beautiful S V
woman.
T4 S1
4. SV
My mother has light brown skin S V
like most of women in Indonesia.
T4 S6
5. SV
My mom loves her family so S V
much.
T4 S9
6. SV
My mother always keeps her S V
home clean and healthy.
T4 S11
7. SV
Pondok Kopi becomes the one S V
of favorite for adolescents only for wasting
31
their time by drinking a coffee which are
they order.
8. SV
The location of Pondok Kopi is S V
so strategic with all of its wonderfulness.
T7 S29
9. SV
She is good looking with long S V
hair and pointed nose.
T8 S3
10. SV Every level has beautiful reliefs. S V T9 S17
This is the list of the example of simple sentence that used SSV
pattern :
Table 4.4 Example of SSV pattern
No. Simple
Sentence Sentence Coding
1. SSV
She and her husband look for S S V
medicine to have a baby.
T35
32
Sentence Sentence Coding
1. SVV
I used to go there to sit down on S V
a rock and watch the town on a V
rock and watch the town and my trees.
T1 S11
admiring the blue sky or the clouds
T1 S18
3. SVV
I like to go there to lay down on S V
the grass, listen to the wind, kiss
33
6. SVV
She has slanted eyes and uses S V V
Kinds of coordinating conjunction in compound sentence
34
From the data above, the writer concluded the sequence of the
mostly coordinating conjunction that used by the students in their
descriptive texts. "and" as coordinating conjunction dominated the
compound sentences written by the students. "but" as coordinating
conjunction was the second number. "so" as coordinating conjunction was
the third number. The comparison of the types of compound sentence that
found in the students' descriptive text can be seen in this following diagram
4.3.
Diagram 4.3
Kinds of coordinating conjunction in compound sentence
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
35
This is the list of the examples of compound sentence that used
"and" as coordinate conjunction :
Table 4.7
Examples of "and" as coordinate conjunction
No. Coordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. And
Many people wash their clothes S V
becomes favorite place for local- V
long straight black-hair, and she S
has a great voices. V
T11 S6
4. And
36
He is the youngest children on S V
his family, and he just has an S V
old sister named Kwon Da mi.
T22 S5
has long straight black hair V
covered with veil.
T25 S6
9. And
My father name’s Nanang, and S V
The pulp of petruk durian is very S V
thick, and the seed is very small. S V
T34
37
This is the list of the examples of compound sentence that used "but"
as coordinate conjunction :
Table 4.8
Examples of "but" as coordinate conjunction
No. Coordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. But
They can also run at speeds of S V
over 45 kilometres per hour, but
kangaroo can also jump until S V
speeds 70 kilometres per hour.
T14
many people know him with S V
she never tells whether she is S V
difference is the number of the S V
star inside the ball.
T22
38
This is the list of the example of compound sentence that used "so"
as coordinate conjunction :
Table 4.9
Example of "so" as coordinate conjunction
No. Coordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. So
Kinds of subordinating conjunction in complex sentence
39
8. If 6 23.1%
9. In order that 0 0%
10. Since 1 3.9%
11. That 2 7.6%
12. Unless 0 0%
13. Until 0 0%
14. What 0 0%
15. When 3 11.5%
16. Where 0 0%
17. Which 0 0%
18. While 1 3.9%
19. Who 0 0%
20. Whose 0 0%
Total 26 100%
From the data above, the writer concluded the sequence of the
mostly subordinating conjunction that used by the students in their
descriptive texts. "because" as subordinating conjunction dominated the
complex sentences written by the students. "if" as subordinating conjunction
was the second position of sentence structures mostly used. "although" as
subordinating conjunction was the third position. "that", "when" as
subordinating conjunction were the fourth position. "after", since", "while"
40
in the students' descriptive texts. The comparison of the types of
subordinating conjunction in complex sentence that found in the students'
descriptive text can be seen in this following diagram :
Diagram 4.4
Kinds of subordinating conjunction in complex sentence
This is the list of the example of complex sentence that used "after"
as subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.11
Example of "after" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. After
After they reach the location, the SC DC
41
This is the list of the examples of complex sentence that used
"although" as subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.12
Examples of "although" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. Although
Although the teachers are old,
SC DC
they always give me knowledge IC
with their patient and their intelligence.
T6 S17
2. Although
The front side of Borobudur
temple is facing eastwards IC
although each side of the temple
SC DC
42
This is the list of the examples of complex sentence that used
"because" as subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.13
Examples of "because" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. Because
The visitors do not need too
much of money because the cost IC SC DC
is achievable especially for adolescent.
T7 S34
2. Because
Here, every student may sit with
another student because the IC SC DC
table may use for 2 students.
T13
S16
3. Because
Borobudur temple is a temple which
becomes a pride of
Indonesian people because it is IC SC DC
ever been included into the 7 wonders of
43
5. Because
She also has a trouble in her
kidney because she rarely drinks IC SC DC
always gives us example to be a good
people.
T35
S37
This is the list of the examples of complex sentence that used "if" as
subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.14
Examples of "if" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. If
If the visitor wants to try marine SC DC
bridge, the visitor only pays IC
7000 IDR for the ticket.
44
2. If
If there is not water, they will SC DC IC
search humidity from green plants.
T14
S25
3. If
If you want to know more about SC DC
my beloved school, you have to IC
will throw out from my school.
T21
S62
5. If
Sometime, she will get sensitive IC
This is the list of the example of complex sentence that used "since"
as subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.15
Example of "since" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. Since I like her food IC SC DC since it is very tasty.
T19
45
This is the list of the examples of complex sentence that used "that"
as subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.16
Examples of "that" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. That
ever study there, including my DC
Islamic Senior High School.
T21 S5
This is the list of the examples of complex sentence that used "when"
as subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.17
Examples of "when" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. When
She always gives me some fine
solutions when I have some IC SC DC
problems.
T28
46
2. When
When final examination is SC DC
coming, she often gives gift for IC
student who gets the best score.
T37
S26
3. When
When she comes back to house, SC DC
she will change her role become IC
a housewife.
T37
47
This is the list of the example of complex sentence that used "while"
as subordinating conjunction :
Table 4.18
Example of "while" as subordinating conjunction
No. Subordinating
Conjunction Sentence Coding
1. While
She is teaching in the morning IC
while her husband sells some
SC DC
foods.
T37
S31
4. Compound Complex Sentence
Total of compound complex sentence in the students' descriptive text
was 2 sentences. This is the list of the examples of compound complex
sentence :
Table 4.19
Examples of compound complex sentence
No. Complex
Sentence Sentence Coding
48
2. Complex
sentence
She does not like mineral water simple sentence
because she likes sweet water,
SC dependent clause
and she does not like mineral CC simple sentence
water.
49 BAB V
CLOSURE
A. CONCLUSIONS
1. The structures of sentences exist in the descriptive text of the fourth
semester students of English Education Department of IAIN Salatiga in
the academic year 2015/2016 were simple sentence, compound
sentence, complex sentence, and compound complex sentence.
2. From the total of sentences in students' descriptive text, simple sentence
was the most dominant type which occured. Furthermore, in simple
sentence, SV pattern was the most dominant pattern than SSV, SVV,
and SSVV pattern in the students' descriptive texts. In compound
sentence, "and" was the most dominant coordinating conjunction used
in the descriptive texts. In addition, in complex sentence, "because" was
the most dominant subordinating conjunction applied in the descriptive
texts.
B. SUGGESTIONS
Based on the above conclusion, the writer gives suggestions :
1. To the teachers
The teachers can use this study as additional teaching material in
50 2. To the students
The students can use this study to improve their skill in writing
especially in sentences' structures, so the students can create a better
sentence, paragraph, and text.
3. To other readers
This study based on analysis of sentences structure. This study can
be very useful as a reference to analyze the other topic which is related
51 REFERENCES
Ansell, Mary. 2000. Free English Grammar.
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Farlex. 2009. "Sentence Structure" dalam http://www.thefreedictionary.com.
Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English; A Practical Reference Guide. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Hammond, Jenny. 1992. English for Social Purposes, Sydney: Macquarie University Sydney.
Hancock, Beverly. 2002. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. UK:Trent Focus Group.
Hartono, Rudi. 2005. Genres of Text., Semarang: UNNES.
Heaton, John Brian. 1988. Writing English language tests. New York: Longman UK Limited.
James R Hurford, Brendan Heasley, B. Smith, Michael. 1983. Semantic: A Coursebook, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Langan, John. 2003. Sentence Skill Form A. New York: Mc Graw Hill.
Mukarto, Sujadmiko, Jesophine, S.M & Widya Kiswara. 2007. English on the sky smp book. vii. Erlangga.
52 APPENDICES
OBJECT OF THE STUDY
No. Name NIM Title of Text
1. Umuliman Yusuf 113-14-168 A Beautiful Place
2. Nila Arum Damayanti 113-14-086 Strawberry
3. Agus Nursalim 113-14-193 Hyde L’arc ~ En ~ Ciel
4. Villa Shofa Zain 113-14-123 My Wonder Mom
5. Septian Dimas S. 113-14-156 My Lovely Hometown
6. Iis Sholikah 113-14-180 My Lovely Boarding
School
7. Ayuk Puji Saputri 113-14-127 The Part of Heaven in
Ungaran Mountain
8. Rosida Awalia 113-14-190 My Favorite Singer
9. Diah Trri Hastutik 113-14-093 Borobudur Temple
10. Muhammad Arif Wicaksono 113-14-195 Fatin Shidqia Lubis
11. Ulfa Ana Vatmala 113-14-147 My Mom is My Hero
12. Sitimubarrillah Sari 113-14-041 Descriptive Text About
My Mother
13. Anglila W. A 113-14-087 The Third Campus of
IAIN Salatiga
14. Nurul Imamah 113-14-003
15. Paramita 113-11-093
16. Aulia Sakti Rosativa 113-14-106 Indonesia
17. Hartatik 113-14-082 My Mother
18. Sholekah 113-14-142 Rezki Aditya
19. Dian Amalia 113-14-017 My Beloved Mom
20. Dwi Agus Setyowati 113-14-050 Borobudur Temple
21. Erlina Hidayanti 113-14-124 We Call It “YPRU”
53
23. Luthfiyatus Saidah 113-14-186 Gita Gutawa
24. Indah Nur Santi 113-14-042 My Mother
25. Leila Khairani 113-14-154 My Family
26. Nurhayati 113-14-067 My Best Friend "Arip"
27. Reni Susanti 113-14-055 “Kos-kosan”
28. Sugeng Budiono 113 10 025
29. Fitreeya Waedeng 113-14-167 The Kingdom of
Thailand
30. Hendrawan Yanuar
Pamungkas 113-14-188 The Ojek Kampus
31. Ayu Apriliyani Putri 113-14-170 My Family
32. Ainna Maghfiroh 113-14-083 My Mother is My
Heaven
33. Inggar Dinar Astutik 113-14-172 Eating Out
34. Okta Ari Indra Dhini 113-14-095 Durian Fruit
35. Dewi Marinda 113-14-064 My Family
36. Nurkhamidah 113-14-191 Si Piso- Piso Waterfall
37. Novi Dyah 113-14-037 My Beloved Teacher
38. Nurma Dwi Arisa 113-14-136 My Classmate
39. Mar’atus Saniyah 113-14-102 Ratu Boko Temple Site
40. Agus Farizal Azuan 113-10-076 Pemalang, My Lovely
56 1) Simple Sentence
No. Simple Sentence Sentence Coding
1. SV
I think we all have a beautiful S V
place in our mind.
T1 S1
2. SV
This place is in the country in an S V
old region named Appalachia, a
small piece of the Appalachian
Strawberry is often presented in S V
state events at middle century,
symbolizing prosperity, peace,
and perfection.
57
6. SV
It is very compatible planted in S V
cold area plateau.
T2 S9
7. SV Strawberry has many benefits. S V T2 S10
8. SV
My mother is a very beautiful S V
My mother has light brown skin S V
My mom loves her family so S V
much.
58
16. SV
My mother always keeps her S V
In the evening, we can find S V
many inn who sell Wedang
Ronde in the side of the road in
Salatiga, especially in Jendral
Sudirman Street.
some herbs and spices (
rempah-rempah ).
T5 S16
59
24. SV
Salatiga is my hometown and S V
with my family in there.
T5 S29
27. SV
It serves you the nature of good S V
Pondok Kopi becomes the one S V
of favorite for adolescents only
for wasting their time by
drinking a coffee which are they
order.
T7 S28
60
so strategic with all of its
wonderfulness.
31. SV
First, the visitor can enjoy the S V
However, it is the target of S V
visitor to take a pictures and
looking up the view of ravine.
T7 S39
For rappeling is only 6000 IDR, S V
and 15000-20000 IDR for three
61
38. SV
It is very recommended for a S V
Raisa Andriana, she is my S V
favorite singer.
T8 S1
40. SV
She is good looking with long S V
Her chubby cheek makes her S V
face is easy to remember.
T8 S5
famous lady singer in Indonesia.
62
45. SV
Now, her newest song is S V
“Percayalah”, duet singer with
Afgan.
T8 S21
46. SV
And now Raisa also plays in the S V
bioskop movie “Terjebak
Nostalgia”.
T8 S22
47. SV
Borobudur temple is a Buddhist S V
temple located in Borobudur,
Magelang, Central Java.
T9 S1
48. SV
The king Samaratungga is the S V
king Mataram kuno kingdom,
descent Wangsa Syailendra.
T9 S3
49. SV
And the highest level is S V
Buddhist statue overlooking the
west.
T9 S9
50. SV
Every level has symbolize the S V
stages of human life. T9 S10
51. SV The bottom of Borobudur,
63
Kamadhatu, has a symbol that S V
the human still bound lust.
52. SV
Four levels on it, called
Rupadhatu, has a symbol that S V
the human beings have to break
free of the lust, but still bound a
way and form.
Since that time Borobudur has S V
undergone a series of rescue
efforts and restoration.
T9 S25
57. SV
Fatin Shidqia Lubis is one of S V
Indonesia woman singer.
T10 S1
58. SV
Fatin becomes trendsetter in S V
Indonesia because of her talent.
64
Fatin becomes the winner of X- S V
factor Indonesia 1st Season.
T10 S12
61. SV
Fatin gets her 1st song with the S V
title is “Aku Memilih Setia”.
T10 S15
62. SV
65
She is very strong to confront S V
She loves her husband and S V
She always serves each buyer S V
with friendly.
T12 S21
77. SV She appreciates to help people. S V T12 S22
66
79. SV
My mother is an angel without S V
Nevertheles, it has a good chair S V
and a good table than in campus
1 and 2.
T13 S14
87. SV
It belongs special animal from S V
Australia.
T14 S3
67 jumping.
89. SV
Based on the color and
distribution, they are divided S V
into three species.
T14 S19
90. SV The first is Red Kangaroo. S V T14 S20
91. SV
The Red Kangaroo is the largest S V
marsupial animals which are
still alive on the earth.
T14 S21
92. SV
This kind of kangaroos lives in S V
large groups.
T14 S23
93. SV
They are smaller than the red S V
kangaroo.
T14 S28
94. SV
Grey Kangaroo is very much in S V
metres and weigh over 90 kilos.
T14 S33
96. SV
This means that the female S V
kangaroo has an external pouch
on the front of her body.
68
97. SV
The period time of pregnancy in
female kangaroo depends on S V
every species.
T14 S38
98. SV I have a close friend. S V T15 S1
99. SV
Her name is Najwa Khaira S V
Nabila.
T15 S2
100. SV She is beautiful girl. S V T15 S3
101. SV She has brown skin. S V T15 S4
102. SV
She has black and long hair.
S V T15 S5
103. SV She has oval face. S V T15 S6
104. SV She has red lips. S V T15 S7
105. SV She has small eyes. S V T15 S8
106. SV Her tall body is 165 cm. S V T15 S9
107. SV She has thin body. S V T15 S10
108. SV
She is very nice and friendly.
69
The both of continent are Asia S V
And the other is the third widely S V
ocean in the world.
T16 S9
119. SV
The islands are spread from S V
Sabang until Marauke.
70
120. SV
And almost 13000 pieces are S V
spread as long as 3,5 mile.
T16 S14
121. SV
This condition is comparable S V
with one per eight the lenght of
earth.
T16 S15
122. SV
Indonesia does not have four S V
season like most of country in
euro.
T16 S18
123. SV
The seasons are only dry season S V
and rain season.
T16 S20
124. SV
Meanwhile the rain season S
occurs in October until Maret. V
T16 S24
125. SV
