i
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE STRUCTURES IN THE
DISCUSSION TEXTS
(A STUDY OF THE FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE
INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA IN
THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2015/2016)
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Partial FulfillmentOf theRequirements for the Degree ofSarjana Pendidikan(S.Pd.)
English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
By:
WAHYU WIDYA WARDANI (113-11-109)
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA
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Salatiga, November 19th 2016
Rr. Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, M.Pd.
The Lecturer of English Education Department State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN)Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR‟S NOTE
Case: Wahyu Widya Wardani’s Graduating Paper
Dear,
Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Assalamu’alaikumwr.wb.
After reading and correcting Wahyu Widya Wardani‟s graduating paper entitled AN ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE STRUCTURES IN THE DISCUSSION TEXTS (A STUDY OF THE FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2015/2016, I have decided and would like to propose that this paper can be accepted by the Teacher Training and Education Faculty, I hope this paper will be examined as soon as possible. Wassalamu’alaikumwr.wb.
Counselor,
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MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 2 Telp (0298) 6031364 Salatiga 50716 Website: tarbiyah.iainsalatiga.ac.id Email:tarbiyah@iainsalatiga.ac.id
A GRADUATING PAPER
“AN ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE STRUCTURES IN THE DISCUSSION TEXTS(A STUDY OF THE FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC
STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2015/2016”
WRITTEN BY: SarjanaPendidikan (S.Pd) in English Education.
Board of Examiners, Head : Dr. H. Sa‟adi, M. Ag
Secretary : Rr. Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, M. Pd
First examiner : Sari Famularsih, M. A
Second examiner : Ari Setiawan, M. M
Salatiga, March30th 2017
Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Suwardi, M.Pd.
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MOTTOS
When someone abuses you, it is a compliment that so far they spend a lot of time thinking about you, even when you do not think about them.
(B.J. Habibie)
“You never fail until you stop trying”.
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DEDICATION
This graduating paper is sincerely dedicated to:
1. My father and my mother, Warsito, and Suwarniati who have been supporting in moral and material in my life, they always motivate me to get my dream come true.
2. My beloved sisters and brother, Emylia Noviani Rojab Bintari, Muhammad Nadhim Al-Faridz, Siti Alfiah, and Desi Wulandari, you are everything in my life.
3. My beloved inspiring person and teacher, Kyai Marwan (alm) who gave me guidance in my spiritual life
4. My partner of life, Tri Wahyudi.
5. My best friends Fani, Mita, Hima, Rifka, Indah, Intan, Heni, Dian, Ampri thank you for your helping.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful. All praises be to Allah. Because of His graciousness and mercifulness the researcher can write this graduating paper as one of the requirements for SarjanaPendidikan (S.Pd) of of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
Sholawat and sallam may Allah send them to our Prophet Muhammad SAW, (peace be upon him), his families, his companions, and his followers. The best messenger for people all over the world. This world becomes peace because of his hard effort in giving the human being advices.
On this opportunity, the researcher would like to express her profound gratitude, more than she can express, to:
1. Dr. Rahmat Haryadi, M.Pd. as the Rector of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Salatiga.
2. Suwardi, M.Pd. as the Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Salatiga.
3. Noor Malihah, Ph. D. as the Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Salatiga.
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ABSTRACT
Wardani, Wahyu Widya 2016.“AN ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE STRUCTURES IN THE DISCUSSION TEXTS (A STUDY OF THE FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC SUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2015/2016”. Graduating Paper.English Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, State Institute for Islamic Studies of Salatiga. Advisor: Rr. Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, M.Pd.
Keywords: Sentence Structure, Discussion Text
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
DECLARATION ... ii
ATTENTIVE CONSELOR NOTES ... iii
PAGE OF CERTIFICATION ... iv
MOTTOS ... v A. Background of the Research ... 1
B. Problems of the Research... 4
C. Objectives of the Research... 4
D. Benefits of the Research ... 5
E. Limitations of the Research ... 5
F. Definition of the Key Terms ... 6
G. Graduating Paper Outline ... 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW A. Previous Research ... 8
B. Sentence Elements ... 9
C. Types of Sentence ... 10
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E. Discussion Text ... 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Method ... 21
B. Population and Sample ... 22
C. Method of Data Collection... 23
D. Method of Data Analysis ... 23
E. Validating the Data ... 26
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Types of Sentences Found in the Students‟ discussion text ... 27
B. Profile of the Types of Texts ... 28
CHAPTER V CLOSURE A. Conclusions ... 46
B. Suggestions ... 47 REFERENCES
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
As an international language, English needs to be mastered by people in the world. English has important part in developing a country. In this modern life, English is used as the media of information flow on science, technology and culture. In Indonesia, English is taught from the primary level of education up to university levels. There are four English language skills that need to be achieved by students, namely writing, reading, speaking and listening. Writing is one of the most important skills in learning. Writing combines many aspects, such as vocabulary, grammar, and structure. According
to Sapkota (2012:70), “writing is an activity of putting down the graphic symbols which
has a function to present a language in order to convey some meaning so that the reader
can grasp the information which the writer has tried to impart.” It can be concluded that writing is a process of transferring ideas into written form that is understandable.
Sentence is a grammatical unit of words that starts with capital letter andthe last word is followed by an end punctuation mark (period/full stop, question mark or exclamation mark). “A sentence is made up of a number of words which when placed
together convey a particular statement, question, exclamation or command” (Gatt, 2014:3).
According to Oshima and Hogue (1988:11), “there are four kinds of sentences: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex
2
single subject-verb combination. A compound sentence is made up of two (or more) simple sentence. The two complete statements in a compound sentence are usually connected by a comma plus a joining word. A complex sentence is made up of a simple sentence (a complete statement) and a statement that begins with a dependent word. A compound-complex sentence is made up two (or more) simple sentences and one (or
more) dependent statements.”
Sentence structure is the way to arrange, formulate and design grammatically. According to Farlex (2003), “sentence structure is the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences”.
In writing text, there are several types of writing, those are: descriptive, narrative, procedure, recount, report, review, news item, analytical exposition, hortatory, spoof, explanation, and discussion. It means that there are so many kinds of text. Each of them has social function, language features, and generic structures. Furthermore, it is clear to differentiate those writings. Discussion text is one of the types of text that should be learnt for undergraduate students especially in English program, the students are
expected to be able to produce this text. “Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text” (Puguh, 2011).
The main of discussion text is to discuss about the two different arguments on an issue.According to Peters & Williamson (2000:6),
“Discussion texts are concerned with the analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of issues. This text type will give the student the opportunity to develop the skills of finding information to support their arguments and
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It can be concluded that in writing the discussion text, students need to focus and think clearly and critically, because each paragraph should be clearly structured with a topic sentence supported by details.
From the previous statements the researcher was interested to find out the sentence structure in students discussion texts, and make an analysis entitled “An Analysis of the Sentence Structure in the Discussion Texts (A Study of the Fourth
Semester Students of English Education Department of the State Institute for Islamic
Studies (IAIN) Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2015/2016”.
B. Problems of the Research
Based on the background of the analysis above, the problems to beanalyzed in this research are as follow:
1. What are the types of sentences exist in the discussion texts of the fourth semester students of English Education Department ofthe State Institute for Islamic Studies(IAIN) Salatiga in the academic year of 2015/2016?
2. What are profiles the types of sentences in the discussion texts of the fourth semester students of English Education Department of the State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga in the academic year of 2015/2016?
C. Objectives of the Research
There are objectives of this research:
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2. To describes profiles the types of sentences in the discussion text of the fourth semester students of English Education Department ofthe State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga in the academic year of 2015/2016.
D. Benefits of the Research
The benefits of the research are as following: 1. Academic benefit
The benefit in academic study is expected to be beneficial to the world of literature and reference to the other research of sentence structures.
2. Practical Benefits
a. The researcher believes that this research participates to the development of literary study. It is suggested to the people or students are interested in literary research.
b. For the English Department Students who are interested in studying writing, this analysis can be useful. Furthermore, they can use this as reference for their analysis.
E. Limitations of the Research
5 F. Definitions of the Key Terms
The researcher clarifies key terms as a limitation of the study: 1. Sentence Structure
A sentence is a group of words that put together. According to Gornowich and
Nelson (1989:7), “a sentence always begins with capital letter and ends with a period
(.) or sometimes an exclamation mark (!), then it will end with a question mark (?). A sentence must be able to stand as an independent thought”. It can be concluded that a sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense, begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.
2. Discussion Text
Discussion text is used to present different opinions on a particular issue or topic e.g. arguments for and against/positive and negative/good and bad. “A discussion text presents differing opinions, viewpoints or perspectives on an issue, enabling the reader to explore different ideas before making an informed
decision”(Barwick, 1999:92). It means that discussion text is a process in finding the solution between two different thoughts, views, or opinions.
G. Graduating Paper Outline
To make a summary about the research, in order to describe all components in this research. The researcher gives simulation as the following:
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Chapter II consists literature review. It contains of the previous research, sentence elements, types of sentence, sentence fragments, and discussion text.
Chapter III shows the research method that used by the researcher to analyze sentences. It contains of the research method, population and sample, the method of data collection, and the method of data analysis.
Chapter IV presents the research findings and discussion. In this chapter, the researcher shows the data analysis.
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Previous Research
Before the researcher writing this research entitled “An Analysis Sentence Structure of Students‟ Discussion Texts”, there are previous research related to this
research the title is “An Analysis of Sentence Structure in Tennessee Williams‟ A
Streetcar Named Desire”, (Ginting, 2009). In her research, she analyzed the types of sentence; simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-complex sentence. In her research the most occurred sentence type is simple sentence; it is 205 sentences from the total number of the data. Second, compound sentence; it is 35 sentences from the total number of the data. Third, complex sentence; it is 107 sentences from the total number of the data, The last, compound-complex sentence; it is 26 sentences from the total number of the data.
Thereare two similarities between the writerresearch and the previous research, we analyzed sentence structure and we also used descriptive qualitative method to make description accurately and systematically. The differences are the object to be analyzed, here is sentence structure of play and theresearcher analyze sentence structure
of students‟ discussion texts.
B. Sentence Elements
Subject and predicate are the two elements to constructing sentence. According to Frank (1972:220), “a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.”
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The subject of a sentence is the person or thing about which an assertion is made or a question is asked. According to Langan (2003) Subject can be divided
Compound subject consists of more than one person or thing joined together with a coordinating conjunction. Such as: my mother and my aunt, her uncle and her aunt, etc.
2. Predicate
The predicate is the part of the sentence which makes a statement or asks a question. The predicate always contains a verb. Verb must agree with its subject. For examples:Fany is reading a book.
C. Types of Sentence
A sentence is a group of words that use to communicate ideas. Every sentence is expresses a complete thought and formed from one or more clauses.
According to Oshima and Hogue (1998:152), “clauses are the building blocks of sentences. A clause is a group of words that contains at least a subject and verb”. There are two kinds of clauses:
1. Independent Clauses
9 2. Dependent Clauses
A dependent clause begins with a subordinator such as when, while, if, that, or who. A dependent clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence by itself. A dependent clause is formed with subordinator, subject, verb, complement.
Example: After the game was over.
Furthermore, Oshima and Hogue (1998:160) stated that there are three kinds of dependent clause:
a. Adverb clauses
A dependent adverb clause begins with an adverbial subordinator such as when, while, because, although, if, so that, etc. Example: Although women in the United States could own property, they could not vote until 1920 (Oshima and Hogue, 1988: 160)
b. Adjective clauses
A dependent adjective (relative) clause begins with a relative pronoun such as who, whom, which, whose, or that, or with a relative adverb such as where or when. An adjective clause functions as an adjective; that is, it modifies a noun or pronoun. Example: Salatiga is a city where I was born.
c. Noun clauses
A dependent noun clause function as a noun and begins with a wh-question word, that, whether, wherever, or sometimes if. Example: I know that people have different opinions about capital punishment (Oshima and Hogue, 1988:179).
10 1. Simple Sentence
Simple sentence consists of one independent (main clause) with no dependent clause (subordinate clause). For examples:
a. Suarez plays football every Sunday.
b. Suarez and Messi are the best player football.
c. The children smiled and waved at us (Langan, 2003: 139). d. John and Jack lubricated their car and replaced the oil filter.
The second sentence has two subjects; Suarez and Messi. This is called a compound subject. The third sentence has two verbs, smiled and waved. This is called a compound verb. Because there is only one clause, this is a simple sentence. The fourth sentence has a compound subject as well as a compound verb, but it stills a simple sentence because it has only one clause. There are four types of simple sentences:
a. Simple Subject and Simple Verb (SV)
This kind of sentence has only one subject and one verb. Example: Suarezplays football every Sunday.
S V
b. Simple Sentence with a Compound Subject (SSV)
This kind of sentence has more than one subject for the same verb. Example: Suarez and Messiare the best player football.
S S V
c. Simple sentence with a compound verb (SVV) Example: The childrensmiled and waved at us.
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d. Simple Sentence with Compound Subject and Compound Verb (SSVV). This kind of sentence has compound subject and compound verb.
Example: John and Jacklubricated their car and replaced the oil. S S V V
2. Compound Sentence
Compound sentence mean a sentence which contains two or more independent clauses with no dependent clause joined together. There are three ways to join the clauses:
Table 2.1 Conjunction in Compound Sentence 1. With a coordinator I enjoy tennis, but I hate golf.
2. with conjunctive adverb I enjoy tennis; however I hate golf.
3. with a semicolon I enjoy tennis; I hate golf
*illustrated by Oshima and Hogue (1998:155)
a. Compound Sentences with Coordinators
A compound sentence can be formed as follows: Independent clause, + coordinator + independent clause
There is comma after the first independent clause. There are seven coordinators: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Table 2.2 Coordinating Conjunction
For Women live longer than men, for they take better care of their health.
12 doctors more often.
Nor Women do not smoke as much as men do, nor do they drink as much alcohol.
But Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women do.
Or Both men and women should limit the amount of fat in their diets, or they risk getting disease.
Yet He did not want to go the dentist, yet he went anyway.
So Men are less cautious than women, so more men die in accidents.
*illustrated by Oshima and Hogue (1998:156) b. Compound Sentences with Conjunctive Adverb
A compound sentence can also be formed as follows: Independent clause; + conjunctive adverb + independent clause
A semicolon follows the first independent clause, and a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Also, just like coordinating conjunction, conjunctive adverbs express relationships between the clauses.
Table 2.3 Conjunctive Adverbs Coordinators Conjunctive
Adverb
Sentences
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14 c. Compound Sentences with semicolon
A compound sentence can also be formed with a semicolon alone: Table 2.4 Compound Sentence with Semicolon
Independent clause; independent clause
My older brother studies law; my younger brother studies medicine
*Illustrated by Oshima and Hogue (1998:159)
This kind of compound sentence is possible only when two independent clauses are closely related in meaning. If they are not related, they should be written as two simple sentences, each ending with a period.
A compound sentence is really two separate sentences written together as one single sentence. These two sentences are very closely related each other in meaning and content. Compound subjects and compound verbs are not limited to simple sentence. They can be used in compound sentences. Here are some possibilities:
1) SV, SV 2) SVV, SSV 3) SV, SVV 4) SSV, SSV 5) SVV, SVV, etc.
Example: youshould get to class on time, or youwill miss S V S V
15 3. Complex Sentence
Complex sentence can be explain as a sentence which contains one of independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, and often formed by putting the subordinating conjunction (so, although, where, which, since).
In a complex sentence, one idea is generally more important than the other. The more important idea is placed in the independent clause, and the less important idea is placed in the dependent clause. A dependent clause is begins with a dependent words. Here is a list of common dependent words:
Table 2.5 Dependent Words
After If, Even if When, Whenever
Although, Though In order that Where, Wherever
As Since Whether
Because That, So that Which, Whichever
Before Unless While
Even though Until Who
How What, Whatever Whose
*Researcher’s documentation
A complex sentence is used when you want to emphasize one idea over another in a sentence. For examples:
a. I checked my money before I invited Pedro for lunch (Langan, 2003:140). b. Because I forgot the time, I missed the final exam.
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In complex sentence, here are some possibilities of the types of complex sentence:
a. IC DC b. DC, IC
Examples: I checked my moneybefore I invited Pedro for lunch.
IC DC
Because I forgot the time, I missed the final exam.
DC IC
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
“A compound-complex sentence is made up of two (or more) simple sentences
and on (or more) dependent statements” (Langan, 2003:146). It means that
compound-complex sentence combines complex sentence and compound sentence forms.
For examples:The man who stole the jewelry and he did it in his home until he could safely get out of town. (Frank, 1972:223).
A compound-complex sentence is made from two or more independent clauses (IC), and one or more dependent clauses (DC). Here are some possibilities of the types of complex sentence:
a. IC, IC DC b. DC, IC, IC
Example:When the power line snapped, Jack was listening to the
DC IC
17 D. Sentence Fragment
In writing, sometimes there are some common errors in sentence structure. It
error sentence is called sentence fragments. Langan (2003:99) state that “every sentence
must have a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought. A word group that lacks a subject or a verb and that does not express a complete thought is a fragment”. For examples:
1. Many young people who leave home at early age…
This is a fragment because the independent clause is unfinished, and that sentence does not express thought.
2. When my mother began lecturing me... (Langan, 2003:99)
This is a fragment because we want to know what happened when the mother began lecturing. The word group does not follow through and express thought.
E. Discussion Text
1. Definition of Discussion Text
Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue.According to Peters and Williamson (2000:8), “discussion allows the participants, readers, listeners and/or viewers to examine an issue from more than
angle”.Furthermore, Barwick(1999:92) states “discussion is commonly found in
philosophical, historic, and social text”. Generic Structures of discussion text are: issue, supporting point, contrasting point, and conclusion.
2. Language Features of Discussion Text
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b. Use general nouns, like alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc. c. Use relating verbs, like is, are, were, was, etc.
d. Use thinking verbs, like think, feel, believe, etc. e. Use causal connective, like because, because of, etc.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Method
“Method is the way to doing something”. (Oxford Dictionary, 2008:277). It involves the way of work that the way to understand the object that will be researched.
“Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically” (Kothari 2004: 5). Research method may be understood as all those methods/techniques that are used for conduction of research. Research methodology refers to the overall strategy followed in collecting and analyzing data. This research focused on analyzes of the student‟s discussion text on fourth semester of English Education Department. It focused in analyzing the sentence structure.
To analyze sentence structure, the researcher use a descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research is descriptive, because the conclusion of the research are phenomenon or occurrences based on the texts. According to Hancock, Ockleford, and
Windridge (2009:7), “qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of
social phenomena”. It aims to help us to understand the social world in which we live and why things are the way they are. It can be concluded that qualitative research is development of concepts which help us to understand social phenomena in natural settings, giving due emphasis to the meanings, experiences and views of the participants. B. Population and Sample
1. Population
20 researchers interested in”. Sampling in qualitative research is mostly purposive with
specific criteria in mind. This means participants are selected because they are likely to generate useful data for the project.
In this research, the researcher has 31 data. After selecting data, there are 22 data correct, and the other are incorrect, because some of students write discussion text incorrectly, such as wrong in the use of grammar and generic structure. The incorrect data also causes of wrong in writing sentences, such as misplace of punctuation, conjunction, and capital letter. Then, the researcher decided to analyze 22 data.
C. Method of Data Collection
The process of collecting data always occurs in a research. According to
Hancock, Ockleford, and Windridge (2009:16), “there are several methods of collecting
data: interviews, focus groups, observation, documentation (letters, diaries, photographs), collection of narrative, open ended question in questionnaires (other aspects of are
covered in the resource pack surveys and questionnaires)”. In this research, the
researcher used documentation as the primary method.
Documentation is technique of data collection which indirectly aimed to subject research. Documents contain text (words) and images that have been recorded
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used the discussion texts written by the students, and the data was documented in the past and used as research data.
D. Method of Data Analysis
The data analysis methodapplied in this research is content analysis method. Qualitative content analysis is one of numerous research methods used to analyze text data. According to Hsieh and Shannon (2005:1278), “qualitative content analysis is defined as a research method for subjective interpretation of the text data through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying patterns”. There are steps to analyzing data in analysis the sentence structures:
1. Categorizing
In this research, the researcher categorized every sentence of student‟s discussion
texts based on the types of sentence. Here is the example of categorizing discussion text:
A.Internet for Children (Written by Dewi Mariam)
Computer, tablet, mobile phone, and other devices connected to Simple Sentence
internet have been the most outstanding innovation in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation,internet has its advantages
Simple Sentence and disadvantages.
With internet we can communicate in a fraction of secondwith Complex Sentence
a person who is sitting in the other parts of the world. We can avail the facilities of e-mail, we can chat for hours with our loved ones.With
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help of some services, it has become very easy to establish a kindof Simple Sentence
global friendship.
On the contrary. internet very dangerous for children,related to (Data error because there is misplace in punctuation)
children‟s healthy mental life. light of computer, tablet, or mobile can (Data error because wrong in capital letter)
damage eyes of children.
In my opinion internet for children very usefull, but children must (Data error because wrong in grammar)
becompannied by parent.
B. Coding
Coding bridges the gap between unitized texts and someone‟s reading of them. Here
the example of coding in analyzing the data: R1/S1
R1 : Text 1 S1 : Sentence 1
C. Analyzing the types of sentence
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3.2 Type of Sentences
No Sentence Type of
sentences
Coding
1 Development of era also affects the S V
amount of energy consumption needs
Simple sentence R1/S1
2 Wecan avail the facilities of e- S V
mail, wecan chat for hours with S V
our loved ones.
Compound sentence
R6/S4
3 With internet we can communicate IC
in a fraction of second with a
24 homework is good idea but it
should only given at the weekend IC
when children have more time DC
Sentence
E. Validating the Data
25
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Types of Sentences Found in the Students’ Discussion Texts
In this chapter the researcher describes of the total numbers of each sentence in the table below:
Table 4.1 Total Number of Sentence Structure in Discussion Texts
From the table above, the simple sentences that found in the students discussion texts are 79 sentences (68.70%), compound sentences consists of 6 sentences (5.22%), complex sentences consists of 28 sentences (24.35%), and compound-complex sentences consists of 2 sentences (1.74%). It can be concluded that the dominant sentence is used by fourth students is simple sentence. As it is also showed in the diagram 4.1:
Diagram 4.1 Types of Sentences
No Types of Sentences Occurances
The number In percentage (%)
1 Simple Sentence 79 68.70%
2 Compound Sentence
6 5.22%
3 Complex Sentence 28 24.35%
4
Compound-Complex Sentence
2 1.74%
26 B. Profile of the Types of Texts
There are four types of sentences found in the students‟ discussion texts:
1. Simple Sentence
There are four types of simple sentence: a. Simple Subject Simple Verb (SV)
b. Simple Sentence with a Compound Subject (SSV) c. Simple sentence with a compound verb (SVV)
d. Simple Sentence with Compound Subject and Compound Verb (SSVV)
To know the total number of each types of simple sentence, the researcher will be showed in the table below:
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Table 4.2 Types of Simple Sentence
From the table above, it can be concluded that the form of SV consists of 73 sentences (92.41%), SSV consists of 1 sentence (1.27%), SVV consists of 5 sentences (6.33%), and there is no sentence that consists of SSVV types. It can be concluded that the dominant types of simple sentence is used by the fourth semester students is the form of SV. As it is also showed in the diagram 4.2
Diagram 4.2 Types of Simple Sentence
There are some examples of the type of SV found in the students‟ discussion texts:
92,41% No Types of Simple Sentence Occurances
28 Table 4.3 Type of SV
No Sentence Type of SV Coding
1 Development of era also affects the S V amount of energy consumption needs.
SV R1/S1
2 To fulfill greater energy needs, governmentplans to build source
S V
energy from nuclear power
SV R1/S3
3 Nuclear energycan secrete 11% of S V
world energy needs
SV R1/S5
4 Moreover, nuclear energycan S V produce great energy for very little cost.
SV R1/S9
5 However, nuclear energy also has S V Drawbacks
SV R1/S10
6 Homeschoolingis becoming more S V
popular everyday.
SV R2/S2
7 However ithas advantages and S V
Disadvantages
SV R2/S4
8 Another advantageis flexibility in S V
time and curriculum
29 9 Parentcan set the curriculum
S V
around vacation, illnesses, and another surprise.
SV R2/S8
10 Homeschoolingneeds a lot of time S V
in preparation and delivery
SV R2/S11
11 Parentshave to research topics, S V
prepare the lessons, set up the projects and field the trips.
SV R2/S12
12 Parents also play a role to control S V
their children.
SV R7/S16
13 They like to spend their free time S V
by watching various Korean dramas.
SV R8/S3
14 However, watching Korean drama S
can give us advantages and V
disadvantages.
SV R8/S4
16 Their good-looking facecan give S V us a pleasant entertainment.
SV R8/S9
17 Some Korean dramas also have S V comedy scenes in its plot.
30 18 Wecan take many positive things
S V
20 The first, watching Korean drama S
22 Nowadays peoplecan share their S V
ideas, opinions or knowledge via any kinds of media, especially the internet.
SV R9/S1
23 One way of expressing ideas via S
internetis by making a blog. V
SV R9/S2
24 Besides that,blogseducate us S V about the online world.
SV R9/S6
25 Studentsspend most of their time S V
31
28 On the other hand, abortionis S V Verydangerous for health and mental of woman.
31 Theyuse pesticide to keep their S V
plants from plant disease.
SV R14/S2
32 In other hand, pesticidehas S V
32
Then, here the example of type of SSV is shown in the table below: Table 4.4 Type of SSV
No Sentences Type of SSV Coding
1. Computer, tablet, mobile phone, S
and other devicesconnected to S V
internet have been the most outstanding innovation in the history of mankind
SSV R6/S1
The examples of type of SVV are shown in the table below: Table 4.5 Type of SVV
No Sentence Type of SVV Coding
1 Wecan take a rest and refresh our S V V mind by watching Korean drama.
SVV R8/S7
33 S V
and take the moral value V
3 In addition, wecan know Korean S V
culture and add our knowledge. V
SVV R13/S8
4 Some peopleagree and disagree. S V V
34
4.6 Types of Compound Sentence
F rom
table 4.3 it can know that students are used a type of compound sentence. As it is also showed in the diagram 4.3.
Diagram 4.3 Types of Compound Sentence
There are some examples of the type of SV, SV found in the students‟
discussion texts:
100%
Types of Compound Sentence
SV, SV No Types of Compound
Sentence
Occurances
The number In percentage (%)
1 SV, SV 6 100%
2 SVV, SSV 0 0
3 SV, SVV 0 0
4 SSV, SSV 0 0
5 SVV, SVV 0 0
35
provided to coffee‟s devotees and
those tasteare made to pamper their S V
tongue.
SV, SV R5/S6
2 Wecan avail the facilities of e- S V
mail, wecan chat for hours with S V
4 Every Korean dramahas different S V
moral value and wecan learn from S V
36 that moral value.
5 Most of Korean dramahas S V
approximately 16 to 20 episodes and each episodeis 60 to 20
S V
minutes long.
SV, SV R8/S19
6 Itis available in agriculture store S V
and the packis practical. S V
SV, SV R8/S19
3. Complex Sentence
Here are some possibilities of the types of complex sentence: a. IC DC
b. DC, IC
37
Table 4.8 Types of Complex Sentence
From the table above, Type of IC DC consists of 26 sentences (92.86%), and type of DC, IC consists of 2 sentences (7.14%). It can be concluded that the dominant types of complex sentence is used by the fourth semester students is the form of IC, DC.
Diagram 4.4 Types of Complex Sentence
There are some examples of the types of IC DC found in the students‟
discussion texts:
Table 4.9 Examples of the Types of IC DC
No Sentences Type of IC DC Coding
1 Nuclear energy isenergy which IC DC R1/S4
92,86% 7,14%
Types of Complex Sentence
IC, DC
DC, IC No Types of Complex
Sentence
Occurances
The number In percentage (%)
1 IC DC 26 92.86%
2 DC, IC 2 7.14%
38 IC
produced by uranium. DC
2 However, the government plans to IC
build nuclear energy is found not to
be running smoothly as it raises the DC
pros and cons in the community.
IC DC R1/S6
3 Party which agrees with nuclear IC
energy assumes that nuclear power DC
is away out to meet energy needs at the moment
IC DC R1/S7
4 Nuclear energy does not produce IC
gas or waste that can pollute DC
environment.
39 5 Nuclear energy which is very
IC
useful also has very great danger DC
IC DC R1/S15
6
Therefore, the plan to build nuclear energy source should be given
IC
serious consideration so that it will DC
not cause problem in the future.
IC DC R1/S15
7 Parents choose homeschooling to IC
educate their kids because they DC
believe that homeschooling can be
a personalized schedule.
IC DC R2/S5
8 Homeschooling allows parents and IC
children to work out a schedule
40 that will best work for child
DC
9 Adenosine in the body works as a IC
cell that causes curiosity to sleep on DC
the brain.
IC DC R3/S3
10 To obtain optimal health benefits, it
is no harm in consuming just one IC
cup of coffee only in the morning
and keep up with drinking water
because prevention is better than DC
cure.
IC DC R3/S11
11 They also argue that children have IC
their hobbies which they want to DC
41 do after school, such as sport or music.
12 They saythat the evening is a good IC DC
time for children to sit down and
think about what they have learned
in school
IC DC R4/S8
13 It makes sense to send home tasks IC
like independent reading or further
writing taskwhich do not need the DC
teacher support
IC DC R4/S10
14 But it must be under controlled IC
because drinking a cup of coffee DC
per day is enough.
IC DC R5/S16
15 With internet we can communicate IC
42 in a fraction of second with a
person who is sitting in the other DC
parts of the world
16 Internet has all information that IC
encountered in this modern era.
IC DC R8/S1
18 It means that we need about 16 to IC DC
20 hours to watch all of Korean dramas episodes.
IC DC R8/S20
19 However, it is not fair if only IC
national exam score that judge
43 DC
students pass or not.
20 From the pros and cons above, it can be concluded that making blogs are beneficial.
IC, DC R9/S13
Then, here are the examples of the type of DC, IC found in students‟ discussion texts:
Table 4.10 Examples of the Types of DC, IC
No Sentences Types of DC, IC Coding
1 Although it is very dangerous, DC
smoking is still favorite activity for IC
smokers.
DC, IC R17/S4
2 As we know, 25 December is DC IC
Christmas celebration.
DC, IC R18/S1
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
44 a. IC, IC DC
b. DC, IC, IC
Table 4.11 Types of Compound-Complex Sentence
From
the table above, it can be concluded that there are two compound-complex sentences found in students discussion texts, and each sentence use form of IC, IC DC. As it is also showed in the diagram below:
Diagram 4.5 Types of Compound-Complex Sentence
There are some examples of the types of compound-complex sentence found
in students‟ discussion texts:
Table 4.12 Examples of the Type of IC, IC DC
No Sentences Type of IC, IC DC Coding
The number In percentage (%)
1 IC, IC DC 2 100.0%
2 DC, IC, IC 0 0
45 1 Those who do not agree with the
IC
planconsidernuclear energy is
very dangerous,it can lead to IC
radiation which isvery large and DC
spacious.
IC, IC DC R1/S11
2 I thinkon balance,some homework IC
isgood idea but it should only IC
given at the weekend when children
have more time. DC
46
CHAPTER V
CLOSURE
A. Conclusion
Based on the data analysis, the conclusion was presented as follows:
1. Types of Sentences Exist in Discussion Texts of the Fourth Semester Students of English Education Department of the State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga in the academic year of 2015/2016
The discussion texts have four types of sentences which are: simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-complex sentence. From the table 4.1 showed the total number of each sentences. Simple sentence consists of 79 sentences (68.70%). The second, compound sentence consists of 6 sentences (5.22%). The third, complex sentence consists of 28 sentences (24.35%). And the last compound-complex sentence consists of 2 sentences (1.79%). It can be concluded that the dominant sentence type is simple sentence.
2. Profiles of the types of sentences in the discussion texts of fourth semester students of English Education Department of the State Institute for Islamic Studies(IAIN) Salatiga in the academic year of 2015/2016
47
(c) SV, SVV (d) SSV, SSV (e) SVV, SVV. Type of SV, SV consists of 6 sentences (100.00%), and there is no the other types of compound sentence. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the dominant of type of compound sentence is SV, SV. Third, the types of complex sentence are; (a) IC DC (b) DC, IC. Type of IC DC consists of 26 sentences (92.86%), type of DC, IC consists of 2 sentences (7.14%). It can be assumed that the dominant type of complex sentence used by students is the form of IC DC. Fourth, the types of compound-complex sentence are; (a) IC, IC DC (b) DC, IC, IC. Type of IC, IC DC consists of 2 sentences (100.00%), and there is no type of DC, IC, IC. It can be concluded that the dominant type of compound-complex sentence is IC, IC, DC.
B. Suggestions
Based on the conclusion above, it shows that there are many simple sentences used by students in writing discussion texts. Furthermore, the researcher would like to propose some suggestions, which is addressed to the teachers and students.
1. For the teachers
a. The teachers are suggested to give more explanations about compound sentence, complex sentence and compound-complex sentence, in order the students can combine those types of sentence in their writing easily, so the writing process is more interesting.
48 2. For the students
a. The students are suggested to learn many types of sentence, it helps increase their competence on writing.
49
REFERENCES
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Bowen, G. 2009. Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method, Qualitative Research Journal. www.academia.edu
Farlex. 2003. Sentence Structure. http://www.Thefreedictionary.com
Frank, M. 1972. Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide. New York: Prentice-Hall, inc.
Gatt, E. G. 2014. An Analysis of Sentence Length and Complexity in News Article.
https://www.google.co.id/ .
Gornowich, B. B, and Nelson, A. 1989. Bridges to Academic Writing. Washington DC: Illinois State Board of Education.
Ginting, Y. F. I. 2009. An Analysis Of Sentence Structure In Tennessee Williams’ A StreetcarNamed Desire. Medan: USU Repository.
Hancock, B. and, Ockleford, E. and Windridge, K. 2009. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. Leicester: The NIHR RDS EM/YH.
Hanlon, B. and Larget, B. 2011. Sample and Population. https://www.google.co.id/ .
Hsieh, H., and Shannon, S. E. 2005. Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Sage Publications.
Kothari, C.R. 2004. Research Methodology. India: New Age International (P) Ltd. Kumar, R. 2011. Research Methodology. Los Angeles: Sage Publicatios.
Langan, J. 2003. Sentence Skills, Form A. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Oshima, A. and Ann H. 1998, Introduction to Academic Writing. United States: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Oxford Dictionary. 2008. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sapkota, A. 2012. Developing Students’ Writing Skill Through Peer and Teacher Correction: An Action Research. Nepal: Journal of NELTA
Peters, R. and Patti W. 2000. Targeting Text: Discussion, Exposition & Response. Australia: Blake Education.
50
APPENDICES
A. THE ORIGINAL TEXTS
There are all texts that written by students: Text 1
Ainur Rohimah Nuclear Energy
Development of era also affects the amount of energy consumption needs. The more modern these days, the greater energy needs. To fulfill greater energy needs, government plans to build source energy from nuclear power. Nuclear energy is energy which produced by uranium. Nuclear energy can secrete 11% of world energy needs. However, the government plans to build nuclear energy is found not to be running smoothly as it raises the pros and cons in the community.
Party which agrees with nuclear energy assumes that nuclear power is away out to meet energy needs at the moment. Nuclear energy does not produce gas or waste that can pollute environment. Moreover, nuclear energy can produce great energy for very little cost.
51
52 Text 2
Rifki M. Lazim Homeschooling
Homeschooling is an alternative way to educate their kids beside sending them to publics school. Homeschooling is becoming more popular every day. There are about 2 million children currently learning at home. However it has advantages and disadvantages.
Parents choose homeschooling to educate their kids because they believe that homeschooling can be a personalized schedule. Homeschooling allows parents and children to work out a schedule that will best work for child. Another advantage is flexibility in time and curriculum. Parent can set the curriculum around vacation, illnesses, and another surprise. Homeschooling also provide the opportunity for parents to incorporate their beliefs into their daily lives.
On the other hand, homeschooling can spoils parent‟s time. Homeschooling
needs a lot of time in preparation and delivery. Parents have to research topics, prepare the lessons, set up the projects and field the trips.
53 Text 3
Budi S. Coffee
Coffee is a kind of beverage derived from the processing and extraction of the coffee plant seed dried and then pulverized to a powder.
Coffee contains high caffeine substances. Adenosine in the body works as a cell that causes curiosity to sleep on the brain. Caffeine in coffee affect cell performance and make slower movements. So that makes the feeling fresher longer.
Antioxidants in coffee helps reduce the risk of cancer symptoms in the body. But on the other is good for the health of coffee may also increase the risk of health problems in condition of a person body. Caffeine in coffee can cause insomnia, nervousness, and headache. In pregnant women are also advised not to consume coffee because caffeine can interfere with the fetus and cause miscarriage.
Basically Adjust to the condition of the body and moderate consumption if
you do not like coffee, then don‟t drink it. To obtain optimal health benefits, there is no
54 Text 4
Laila Khusnul Himmah Giving Children Homework
There are lot of discussion as to wether children should be given homework or not. Is it enough for children having time to study at school or needing additional time in home for study after school time?
Some people claim that children do enough work in school already. They also argue that children have their hobbies which they want to do after school, such as sport or music. A further point they make is that a lot of homeworks are pointless and does not help the children learn at all.
However, there also strong arguments against this point of view. Parents and teachers argue that it is important to find out wether children can work on their own without the support from the teacher. They say that the evening is a good time for children to sit down and think about what they have learned in school.
Furthermore they claim that the school day is too short to get anything done. It makes sense to send home tasks like independent reading or further writing task which do not need the teacher support.
55 Text 5
Tafsiatun Niswati Drinking Coffee
Stay up in the night is one most of people‟s hobby. Usually they stay up just
for watching movie, working, doing homework, and the others. To support their night activity, they usually drink coffee to stay up all night long. With many materials containing in coffee, it has many advantages and disadvantages.
Cafein material in coffee makes the body still fresh. The sweet and bitter taste
are provided to coffee‟s devotees and those taste are made to pamper their tongue. Not only the taste, but also the price and the way to make it. One sachet of coffee isn‟t more
than five thousand. And the way to make it is very simple. Just pour the boiling or cold water on it and it may be served with an ice.
In contrary, the materials in coffee are dangerous for body. Moreover bad quality coffee which can causes illness, headache, or a general bad feeling. Insomnia and restlessness are the other impact of drinking coffe. For kids, who drink coffee may increase bedwetting.
56 Text 6
Dewi Mariam Internet for Children
Computer, tablet, mobile phone, and other devices connected to internet have been the most outstanding innovation in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages.
With internet we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other parts of the world. We can avail the facilities of e-mail, we can chat for hours with our loved ones. With help of some services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship.
On the contrary, internet very dangerous for children, related to children‟s
healthy mental life. light of computer, tablet, or mobile phone can damage eyes of children.
57 Text 7
Evi Nur Latifa Internet
In this modern era, most of people know about Interconnection-Networking or as we known as internet.
Internet has advantages for many people. It is not only for old people, but also young and kid. Internet has all information that people need. We can use internet to communication with other people around the world. For students, they can use internet to get material for their education. We can use it for business and it is easier to make transactions.
In the other hand, internet has some negative effect. Pornography is the one of them. With internet, information or video about this widespread. This is obviously affect moral of people, especially for children. Sometimes, internet used by people who are not responsible to cheat. For student that addiction game online, they become lazy to study and impact for their education.
58 Text 8
Yulfita Nurmayanti Watching Korean Drama
Korean drama is a widespread phenomenon which is often encountered in this modern era. Most of teenagers even adults like to watch Korean drama because it has good plot and good looking actors and actress. They like to spend their free time by watching various Korean dramas. However, watching Korean drama can give us advantages and disadvantages.
Firstly, the advantage of watching Korean drama is: it can refresh our mind. After finished working or studying. We can take a rest and refresh our mind by watching Korean drama. The second advantage of watching Korean drama is: we can get a new
and fresh entertainment from its actors and actress. Most of Korean drama‟s actors and
actress have a beautiful and handsome face. Their good-looking face can give us a pleasant entertainment. Some Korean dramas also have comedy scenes in its plot. Those scenes give us a more interesting entertainment. The third advantage is: we can learn culture, their behavior, their foods and also their way of life. By watching Korean drama we also Learn their culture, their behavior, their foods and even their away to live their life. We can take many positive things from those aspects. The last, we can learn from its plot and take the moral value. Every Korean drama has different moral value and we can learn from that moral value.
59
to Korean drama. We can often leave our duties for watching Korean drama. We may postpone doing our homework and assignments because we want to see the actor or the actress. The last, we are more ungrateful to God. We want our life run like Korean
drama‟s plot and it is not good for our psychological health.
60 Text 9
Eko Nur Cahyono Pro and Cons of Blog
Nowadays people can share their ideas, opinions or knowledge via any kinds of media, especially the internet. One way of expressing ideas via internet is by making a blog. Here are the pros and cons of making blog.
On its positive sides, blogs help us improve our writing skills, both fiction and non-fiction. Writing weekly blog posts help us become better, faster, and more confident blog post writers.
Besides that, blogs educate us about the online world. They can help us learn about social media, blog promotion and website development on a small scale at our own pace. As we build our blogs and learn to effectively promote our posts.
On the negative side, blogging is a time suck. People may spend hours making a blog. Students who spend most of their time blogging possibly ignore their studies. If
they can‟t manage the time, they may fail in their studies.
From the pros and cons above, it can be concluded that making blogs are
beneficial. Although time consuming, it‟s not a big problem if we can manage our time
61 Text 10
Ela Rosita Abortion
Abortion is the aborting of pregnancy so that it doesnt result in the birth baby.
An abortion is also known as “termination”. In this modern life, we often find case of
abortion. There are many reason why they do abortion? but in this time, we will explain about abortion from the other side.
In several country of state, abortion is one method of birth control. When a country has problem of population explotion, the government chooses abortion to overcome this case. Since contraception method is found, abortion has not become the only way to overcome population explotion. But the government think that contraception method is not successful, then they come back to use abortion method.
Onthe other hand, abortion is very dangerous for health and mental of woman. The most common complication are inflammation, infertility, interruption of menstrual pattens, endomethosis, miom, and abortion syndrome..
62 Text 11
Zalsa Febrina Syabilla Getting Married at Early age
In this modern era, mostly young people get married. Women or man marriage below the age of 18 years. Million of people are getting married at an early stage in the world. do you agree or disagree about it?
Some agree with getting married at early age. because they think, if they getting married at early age the woman body is very healthy and strong. When they born a baby. They have children amount they want.
And then the young marriage make couple avoid from sins. According to religion, a young couple build a healthy relationship by marriage, and also inclined loyal with their partner. They, also avoid from AIDS/HIV.
On the other hand, people disagree with young marriage. Because it often causes financial insecurity. Most of boys who marry at a young age are not even well settle. They know that they needs a lot of money to cairy cut the family responssibilities. Then young married at early age cause young couple lost their youth. They more focus to their family, job,and take care of children.
63 Text 12
Utami Rahayu Problematic of Pilgrimage
Cost of pilgrimage decrease in this year. According to Tribun Jateng Newspaper, the cost of pilgrimage reduces 1,2 million rupiahs.
From the issue, of course it has advantage for many people. If the prices reduces, many of muslim will go pilgrim. The reducing of the cost can make many people more attractive to go Mecca. In other word, everyone who has enough money has a big chance to do the fifth pillars of Islam.
In contrast, the reducing of pilgrimage‟s cost can cause over register and
schedule. As a consequence, people who want to go Mecca must wait a long time even almost 10-5 years. It is also can make a new problem again for them.
64 Text 13
Yeni Suci W. Korean culture in Indonesia
In 2009-2010 many korea movie appear in Indonesia. The movie like Boys Before Flower and Full House. These movies make every one attractive with Korean culture.
From those movie, it has advantages for many people. If we like Korean culture, we can have many friends. Although we have different area. We can know each other from KPOP community. In addition, we can know Korean culture and add our knowledge.
On other hand, Korean movie also has contradictory for us. Korean culture can change our culture. We can forget our natural culture. In addition, Korean movie can change our behaviour. For instance, in Korean movie often appears a bad scene which is not suitable for children. If the bed scene appears freely, it can deprave children.
65 Text 14
Tri Agustina Pesticide in Agriculture
In agriculture, farmers are using pesticide for their plants. They use pesticide to keep their plants from the plat disease.
Farmers choose pesticide because it very easy to find. It is available in agriculture store and the pack is practical. Farmers are believe that pesticide can extripate and manage the plant disease. In the other hand, pesticide has negative impacts. They are pollution for human health, pollution for river and lake, the plant disease, the plant will contamination by chemical pesticide, the species will lost, and the price of pesticide is expensive.
66 Text 15
Nur Kayati The Use of Internet
Internet is the biggest technological development in human history. Nowadays, internet continues to grow since the creation of the first and currently used by people from all over the world with a variety of interest.
The largest community who use the internet in their life is students. However for students. Internet can give them advantages and disadvantages. From internet, students can find many material that can support their education. So that, students can get more information to increase their knowledge. Internet also for communication. Beside that, internet offer many application of social media. Then, students also get many friends from that. Students also can use internet to expand their business and advertisment their product. They also can share their opinion or their creation to a public like poetry, essay, moreover books. Internet also can entertine them.
In other hand, internet give bad effect for students. As internet offer many games online. So, it will make students forget their assignment, time, duty and so on. It also can make students addiction. Because they will lazy to read books. Internet can also destroy their morality because it broadcast of pornography ad pornoaction.
67 Text 16
Hayyu Nafi’atul Fauziah
National Examination
The national examination is one of organized government assessments to measures student success. National exam becomes the hot topics in most of discussions among students, teachers, and parents. The existence of national exam which determines whether students success or not for a years in school. And deserve to hold graduating certificate extremely raises pros and cons. Some people agree and disagree to the existence of national exam.
For people who agree. who support the national exam explain that the quality of the Indonesian education system will drop without the national exam, so they to try to depend the current system. Student tent to not to study if there is not a exam.
Whereas for people who disagree. Those who against this national exam kept
in our school education say that it doesn‟t need because the quality of education doesn‟t
just depent on the national exam. Further, the national exam only measures a small
portion of students „ competence in specific subjects, and doesn‟t measure students‟
competences throughout the semester.
In conclusion, national examination can still be useful an instrument to evaluate or detect the level of student competence in several subjects, on a national scale. However it is not fair if only national exam score that judge whether students pass or not. Government should make a regulation that national exam is not only requirement for
student to graduate. There should be other requirements added such as students‟ daily
