Application of Total Mixture Forages Silage on Sheep Farming: Bean Sprouts Addition and Controlled Internal Drug Release Vaginal Insertion on Sheep Reproduction - repository civitas UGM

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Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

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Proceedings

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Ministry of Agriculture Indonesian Society of Animal Sciences Gadjah Mada University

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The 16 AAAP Congress

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The 16

AAAP

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Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

Food Security

, Policy

, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

Proceedings

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 Scope of AAAP: AAAP is established to devote for the efficient animal production in the Asian-Australasian region through national, regional, international cooperation and academic conferences.

 Brief History of AAAP: AAAP was founded in 1980 with 8 charter members representing 8 countries-those are Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines and Thailand. Then, the society representing Taiwan joined AAAP in 1982 followed by Bangladesh in 1987, Papua New Guinea in 1990, India and Vietnam in 1992, Mongolia, Nepal and Pakistan in 1994, Iran in 2002, Sri Lanka and China in 2006 , thereafter currently 19 members.

 Major Activities of AAAP: Biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress, Publications of the Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences and proceedings of the AAAP congress and symposia and Acknowledgement awards for the contribution of AAAP scientists.

 Organization of AAAP:

∙ President: Recommended by the national society hosting the next biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress and approved by Council meeting and serve 2 years.

∙ Two Vice Presidents: One represents the present host society and the other represents next host society of the very next AAAP Animal Science Congress.

∙ Secretary General: All managerial works for AAAP with 6 years term by approval by the council

∙ Council Members: AAAP president, vice presidents, secretary general and each presidents or representative of each member society are members of the council. The council decides congress venue and many important agenda of AAAP

 Office of AAAP: Decided by the council to have the permanent office of AAAP in Korea. Currently # 909 Korea Sci &Tech Center Seoul 135-703, Korea

 Official Journal of AAAP: Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. ISSN 1011-2367. http://www.ajas.info) is published monthly with its main office in Korea

 Current 19 Member Societies of AAAP:

ASAP(Australia), BAHA(Bangladesh), CAASVM(China), IAAP(India), ISAS(Indonesia), IAAS(Iran), JSAS(Japan), KSAST(Korea), MSAP(Malaysia), MLSBA(Mongolia), NASA(Nepal), NZSAP(New Zealand), PAHA(Pakistan), PNGSA(Papua New Guinea), PSAS(Philippines), SLAAP(Sri Lanka), CSAS(Taiwan), AHAT(Thailand), AHAV(Vietnam).



Previous Venues of AAAP Animal Science Congress and AAAP Presidents

I 1980 Malaysia S. Jalaludin II 1982 Philippines V. G. Arganosa

III 1985 Korea In Kyu Han IV 1987 New Zealand A. R. Sykes

V 1990 Taiwan T. P. Yeh VI 1992 Thailand C. Chantalakhana

VII 1994 Indonesia E. Soetirto VIII 1996 Japan T. Morichi

IX 2000 Australia J. Ternouth X 2002 India P. N. Bhat

XI 2004 Malaysia Z. A. Jelan XII 2006 Korea I. K. Paik

XIII 2008 Vietnam N.V. Thien XIV 2010 Taiwan L.C. Hsia

XV 2012 Thailand C.Kittayachaweng XVI 2014 Indonesia Yudi.Guntara.Noor

AAAP is the equal opportunity organization

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Application of Total Mixture Forages Silage on Sheep Farming: Bean

Sprouts Addition and Controlled Internal Drug Release Vaginal Insertion

on Sheep Reproduction

Z. Bachruddin, D. Ramadhan, Y.C. Kurnia, E. Suryanto, Ismaya and L.M. Yusiati Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Corresponding email: [email protected] ABSTRACT

The long run objective of study is the optimization of local resources mainly local forages as feed and local animal as genetic resources. Twenty seven local sheep were divided into three groups. Group I (TO) were feed with total mixture forages silage (TMFS) by inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum, without beansprouts addition; Group II (PI) as the same group I with addition of 250 g/animal daily of beansprouts; and Group III (PII) as the same group I with addition of 500 g/animal daily of beansprouts. After one month, all animal was fed by TMFS with or without beansprouts addition;four animals in each group were treated for 12 days by Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) vaginal insertion. All animals were identified by ear tag and bred naturally using a ram. The results of the study showed that quality of TMFS respectively as follow: Dry Matter (DM %), crude protein (CP %), Crude Fibre (CF %) and pH is 30.40, 12.35, 22.5 and 3.92. While the TMFS consumption for each group respectively as follow: P0, PI and PII are 2.01, 2.00 and 2.02 kg per animal daily. The result of in vivo study of beansprouts addition and CIDR insertion into animal that were fed by TCFS showed that percentage of pregnancy of the animal tend to be higher with CIDR insertion (66%) compares to without CID Rinsertion (40%). However the beansprouts addition into TCFS improved the animal delivered an ewe and the number of young animal increase as well due to bean sprouts addition.

Key Words: Total mixture forages silage (TMFS), Bean sprouts, CIDR and Thin tail sheep

INTRODUCTION

The type of livestock production in developing countries, including Indonesia, beside give an economical benefit, they utilize of by products that produce from food production and food processing industry. Howefer the productivity of the animal is still low. The reasons for this include the low genetic potential of indigenous breeds, poor husbandry and a variety of environmental factors, including high ambient temperature and humidity, seasonal shortages of feed and water, diseases and parasites (Mukasa-Mugerwa, 1989). While, livestock production have been established intensively due to high demand of animal products for human need. Hovewer, the livestock production has been done by utilisation of high input, it produces by products that caused problem of environment. Silage is the end product of fermenting a high moisture crop (40-80% water) and storing the product is called ensiling. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as inoculant have benefit in silage production. They produce lactic acid in decreasing their pH and some important organic acid like bacteriocin and other. Therefore silage production need a culture that potential for lactic acid production as well as other organic production to improve animal performance, especially for immunity condition.To keep low costs, by-products from food industries is an alernatif feed stuff in making ration for rruminants. The facts that by product of food industry is abundant and varies, to optimisation of their utilisation; those by product were fed in mixture composition rather than be fed alone. It is necessary for application of those as total mixture ration silage (TMRS). Utilisation TMRS prevents the animal from only eating what they likes.

Now days, many studies show the influence of nutrition on cattle fertility. Differences in nutrition probably account for most variation in reproductive performance between herds and

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among animals within herds (Wiltbank et al, 1964; McDowell, 1972; Holness et al, 1978cited by E Mukasa-Mugerwa.1989. Level of feeding (Wiltbank et al, 1962) and bodyweight (Ward,

1968; McClure, 1970; Lamond, 1970 cited by E Mukasa-Mugerwa.1989) affect cow

fertility.Poor nutrition delays puberty, reduces conception rate and increases pregnancy losses in heifers (Short and Bellows, 1971; Milagres et al, 1979; Fleck et al, 1980; Lemenager et al, 1980 cited by E Mukasa-Mugerwa.1989). Wiltbank et al (1966) cited by E Mukasa-Mugerwa.1989referred to a critical age-to-weight ratio which must be reached before heifers attain puberty. Few studies have been made on the relationship between bodyweight, condition and hormone synthesis or secretion in zebu cattle, and their results are inconsistent. However, in general the results suggest that poor feeding postpartum reduces luteal function and responsiveness of the ovaries to luteinising hormone (Gombe and Hansel, 1973; Martinez et al, 1984; Rutter and Randel, 1984; Whisnant et al, 1985 cited by E Mukasa-Mugerwa.1989). Bean sproat is a food have low of fat content, high in vitamin C. The food has folat, protein that be low risk for cardiovascular problem, and lowering of blood LDL. More than that this food contain fitoestorgen can be estrogen in women (Wikipedia). while bean sprouts are a good food source for vegetarians and meat-eaters alike. Because a sprouting or germinating plant needs certain nutrients for growth, sprouts are rich in proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Although mung bean sprouts are one of the most commonly consumed bean sprouts, many varieties are available and all offer potential human health benefits.

The objective of this study to determine quality of Total Mixture ration silage that contain of grass, peanut straw, rice brand, polard, lactic acid bacteria and its application with different lefel of bean sproat addidition as fitoestorgen sources as well as with and without CIDR insertion into reproduction performance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twenty seven local sheep were divided into three group of eight. Group I (TO) were feed with total mixture forages silage (TMFS) by inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum, without beansprouts addition; Group II (PI) as the same group I with addition of 250 g/animal daily of beansprouts; and Group III (PII) as the same group I with addition of 500 g/animal daily of beansprouts. Forage Silage (TMFS) were prepared for 2 weeks fermentation.

After one month, all animal was fed by TMFS with or without beansprouts addition;four animals in each group were treated for 12 days by Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) vaginal insertion. All animals were identified by ear tag and bred naturally using a ram. Insertion of CIDR can be seen at figure 1.

Insertion of CIDR removing of CIDR

Day 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Figure 1. Time schedule of CIDR insertion

Variable of this study were quality of TMRS (pH, DM, CP and CF), and percentage of pregnancy

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the study showed that quality of TMFS respectively as follow: Dry Matter (DM %), crude protein (CP %), Crude Fibre (CF %) and pH are 30.40, 12.35, 22.5 and 3.92. While the TMFS consumption for each group respectively as follow: P0, PI and PII are 2.01, 2.00 and 2.02 kg per animal daily.

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The result of in vivo study of beansprouts addition and CIDR insertion into animal that were fed by TCFS showed at table 1

Table 1. The effect of BS addition and insertion of CIDR into percentage pregnancy

Treatment of BS Addition Animal

number Weight (kg) CIDR NON CIDR Number of kids

PO (without BS addition) 10 44,01 CIDR

12 16,95 NON CIDR (+)

13 22,01 CIDR (+)

14 43,06 CIDR (+)

16 16,79 NON CIDR (+)

17 43,02 CIDR (+)

% pregnancy 100 % 40% 2

P1 ( 250 g BS addition) ₂₃ _16,13 CIDR (+)

25 18,23 NON CIDR (+)

27 25,93 CIDR (+)

% pregnancy 50% 20% 5

P2 ( 500 g BS addition) 2 18,36 NON CIDR (+)

3 16,01 NON CIDR (+)

4 18,96 NON CIDR (+)

5 19,54 CIDR (+)

9 21,48 CIDR (+)

% pregnancy 40% 60% 3

Total % % pregnancy 66% 40%

Based on the table 1 shows that bean sprouts addition and CIDR insertion into animal that were fed by TCFS showed that percentage of pregnancy of the animal tend to be higher with CIDR insertion (66%) compares to without CIDR insertion (40%). According to Romano 2004, said that withdrawal of CIDR will decrease significantly of progesterone hormone, so FSH and LH will influence development of follicle de Graff, by this condition oestrogen production increase, then estruses will sign for stimulating of ovulation. As mention alsoby. General Veterinary Pty. Ltd., 1999-2009, Pfizer, Inc., 2008. Senger, P.L. 2005 in http://www.ansci.wisc.edu/jjp1/ansci_repro/misc/websites09/thur/CIDR%20Website%20Fina l/website11.23.09.html, by removing CIDR the progesterone will decrease fast, stimulating a synchronized estrus effect within the herd, it means that that animal will allow to be bred. While this study shows that the bean sprouts addition into TCFS improved the animal delivered a ewe and the number of young animal increase as well due to bean sprouts addition.

CONCLUSION

The result of in vivo study of beansprouts addition and CIDR insertion into animal that were fed by TCFS showed that percentage of pregnancy of the animal tend to be higher with CIDR insertion (66%) compares to without CID Rinsertion (40%). However the beansprouts addition into TCFS improved the animal delivered an ewe and the number of young animal increase as well due to bean sprouts addition.

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REFERENCES Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/relaxin.htm

http://www.ansci.wisc.edu/jjp1/ansci_repro/misc/websites09/thur/CIDR%20Website%20Fina l/website11.23.09.html

Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. 1989. A review of reproductive performance of female Bos Indicus (Zebu) cattle. http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5442e/x5442e00.htm#Contents

Romano, J.E. 2004. Syncronisation of Estrus Using CIDR, FGA or MAP intravagina Pessaries During the breeding season in Nubian Goas. J. Small Rumin. Res (1): 15-19.

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Application of Total Mixture Forages Silage on Sheep Farming: Bean Sprouts Addition and Controlled Internal Drug Release Vaginal Insertion on Sheep Reproduction - repository civitas UGM

Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

A

A

P

Proceedings

Full Papers

!

"

#

$"

% & '&



Previous Venues of AAAP Animal Science Congress and AAAP Presidents

CONTENTS

Application of Total Mixture Forages Silage on Sheep Farming: Bean

Sprouts Addition and Controlled Internal Drug Release Vaginal Insertion

on Sheep Reproduction