u J rna lTeknobiolog,iI I(1 )2011 :9– 51 S S I N :2087– 5428
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u a i R s a ti s r e v i n U , k i n k e T s a tl u k a F , n a g n u k g n i L k i n k e T i d u t S m a r g o r P 3 9 2 8 2 u r a b n a k e P , u r a B g n a p m i S 5 , 2 1 . m K a y d i w a n i B s u p m a K a r t s b A c t The appilcaiton o fdissociaiton o foli-wate remulsion by using membrane had g n il u o f f o g n i n e p p a h e h t n w o h s phenomenon .Thi sphenomenoncausedbyf ouilng r e t c a r a h c e h t e v a h o t d n e t l a ir e t a m o frireversibleandreversibel .Thi sfoulan tcan y c n e i c if f e y d u t s o t s i h c r a e s e r s i h t f o t e g r a T . g n i n a e l c l a c i m e h c h ti w d e t c u d n o c e b l c h ti w g n i n a e l c l a c i m e h c t a s s e n v it c e f e d n a eaning chemica lagen t(NaOH ,HCl O N H d n a 3 )fo rreduciton foulan to foli-wate remulsion .The operaiton ha sbeen d a e d d n a d r a w r o f y b e n o d -endsrteamsystemo fMembraneUFacetatecellulose . w o s l a o s ,r a b 5 , 0 e r u s s e r p h ti w e t u n i m 0 3 r o f d e t c u d n o c e b o t g n i h s u l F tihchemica l l C H , H O a N ( g n i n a e l c ,and HNO3) .Vairaiton concenrtaiton o fchemica lagen t li o n o s ir a p m o C . N 1 d n a , 5 0 , 1 , 0 e r a g n i n a e l c -wate remulsioni s5% :95%which 5 , 1 d n a 1 ; 5 , 0 f o n o it a ir a v e r u s s e r p g n it a r e p o h ti w e t u n i m 0 6 f o g n o l a r o f t n e m t a e rt a n i m il e t n e i c if f e e r o m N 1 H O a N t a h t , d e n i a t b o h c r a e s e r s i h t f o t l u s e r e h T . r a b te u o f lan tcomparedt oHClandHNO3 .Meancleaningeffecitvenessi sequa l29,82% it c e f f e l li h n w o d t u b H O a N d e ri t h ti w d e n a e l c r e tf a venesst li l16,40%i fusingHCl O N H d e s u e b e li h w % 0 8 , 8 d n a 3 . : s d r o w y e K Chemica lCleaning ,Fouilng ,Membrane Utlraiftlraiton ,Oli-Wate r n o i s l u m E.
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n a k k u j n u n e m n a r b m e m i g o l o n k e t n a a n u g g n e P . i n i n a g n a k a l e b n a k g n a b m it r e p i d s a t n a p g n a y n a u j a m e k i rt s u d n i a d a p n a k a n u g i d g n ir e s n a r b m e m i g o l o n k e T m m a h o M ; 6 0 0 2 , i d a m m a h o M n a d m a d a h g o m i m e z a K ( ad i l a t e ,2002 )maupunprose spengolahan ilmbah .Salahsatu n a k h a s i m e m u ti a y n a r b m e m n a g n e d n a h a s i m e p i s a k il p a n a d h s i b i a F ; 2 0 0 2 , a j d a m t a y d A ( r i a m a l a d k a y n i m i s l u m e ; 0 0 0 2 , s n e m m e S n a d s n e k i e L ; 1 0 0 2 n a d 0 0 0 2 , n e h o C o ti n e B e tal ,2002 dan 2004 ;Notodarmojo ,Mayasanthy i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p t n e m t a e rt a k it e K . ) 4 0 0 2 , n e a n r a k l u Z n a d a n e m o n e f , i s a rt li f a rt l u n a r b m e m n a k a n u g g n e m k a y n i m g n il u o f cendrungmasiht erilha.t g n il u o F merupakan fenomena eksistens i mateiral -n a r b m e m n a a k u m r e p a d a p n a h a tr e t g n a y l a ir e t a m i d a m m a h o M ( e lt a ,2002.) Fouilng mampu mengurang i . n a r b m e m a d a p ) s k u lf ( k il u a r d i h s a ti li b a e m r e p n a p a r e y n e p i s a u t k u lf n a k a p u r e m k il u a r d i h s a ti li b a e m r e P ti li b a e m r e P . n a r b m e m a shidrauilktersebu tbisa reversible n u p u a m irreversible.( FaibishdanCohen ,2006) .Mateiral i a g a b e s l a n e k i d s k u lf a y n g n a r u k r e b b a b e y n e p l a ir e t a m t n a l u o f (Malleviallee tal ,1996a) .Cho ie lta (2005)t elah n a i s k u d e r e p n a k u k a l e m foulant rever isble ,dimana agen l a i s n e g n a t n a ri l a k u t n e b m e m a g g n i h e s k u d a i d n a i c u c n e p a y n a l u m , it a m a g n e m a I . n a r b m e m e k n a k n a p m u i d t a a s e s l e k it r a p h e l o i r o p n a ri k o l b m e p i d a jr e t -paritke l keci l n a s i p a l a d a p t a u k g n a y i s k a r e t n i h e l o i t u k ii d n a i d u m e k g n il u o f selanjutnya tejrad i kompaks i lapisan fouilng n a g n e d n a a m a s r e b drag permeaiton dan menyebabkan t n a l u o f menjad iirreverisble . n e n r a n a k l u Z n a it il e n e P e lt a (2002 )mengemukakan ( n a n i m a t n o k i s i s o p e d a y n a d a cutitng lio foulant )dalam . n a r b m e m n a s i p a l i s a m r o f e d n a d n a r b m e m n a s i p a l g g n i h e S a tejrad i prose s penahanan emuls i n a a k u m r e p a d a p ) i s l u m e n a i g a b e s a y n p a k g n a r e p r e t( ( i r o p n u p u a m pore blocking ) membran . Untuk ) 2 0 0 2 ( a j d a m t a y d A , t u b e s r e t l a h i g n a l u g g n a n e m a y n a h a w h a b n a k a k u m e g n e m n a d n a it il e n e p n a k u k a l e m a j a s n a i g a b e s foulant yang bereaks i dan terhidroilsi s i g a l n a i g a b e s n a k g n a d e S . H O a N n a t u r a l n a g n e d k u t n e b m e m irrever isblef oulantyangmenjadil apisancake a y n p i s n ir p a d a P . ir o p a tr e s n a r b m e m n a a k u m r e p a d a p a r a c e s n a k u k a li d a i m i k n a i c u c n e p hidroilsis padamoleku l tr a p n a g n a li h g n e p , k i n a g r o ike ldanmenyerangl apisancake .) 3 0 0 2 , i a B n a d m i L ( n a r b m e mI
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i g o l o i b o n k e T n a p a r e T s ni a S h ai m lI la n r u J u ai R s a ti s r e vi n U n ai til e n e P a g a b m e Ln a i g a b e s a y n a d A rever isblef aulantyang itdakmampu n a k a a g g n i h e s , u t n e tr e t t a z h e l o s i s il o r d i h i d u a t a i s k u d e ri d i d a j n e m irreverisble . Ha l tersebu t merupakan masalah n a n i k g n u m e k , ir a j a l e p i d n a d i t a m r e c i d u lr e p g n a y chemical t n e g a yang lainnya dapa t digunakan sebaga i agent g n i n a e l c . Dengan demikian foulant rever isble akan . l a m it p o h i b e l i s a s il o r d i h r e t u a t a i s k u d e r e t Fenomena a y n i s a l u m u k a r e t foulant pada membran secara a m r o f r e p a y n g n a r u k r e b n a k b a b e y n e m n a t u j n a l e k r e b n a k h i s r e b i d k a d it , n a k r a i b i d n a r b m e m a li b a p A . n a r b m e m a k a m fouilng itdakdapa tdihliangkan .Sehingga membran b e s r e t u tharu sdiganit( Scott ,1995.) i g n a r u g n e m u p m a m a i m i k a r a c e s n a i c u c n e P g n il u o f e l b is r e v e r r i , sehingga reaks ifoulant reversible t a fi s h e l o n a k b a b e s i d i n i l a H . l a m it p o h i b e l n a k a agen t g n i n a e l c l a c i m e h c yang digunakan . Beberapa agen t l a c i m e h c sepetr iHNO3 ,HC ldan NaOH cocok untuk i a g a b e s n a k a n u g i d agen t cleaning . Agent tersebu t i s k u d e r e m t a p a d n a k a ri k r e p i d foulantemuls iminyakyang . t a t e s a a s o l u l e s i s a rt li f a rt l u n a r b m e m a d a p i s i s o p m o k e d r e t a g it e K chemica l agen t cleaning digunakan karena r e t k a r a k i k il i m e m isitk beirkut ; HNO3 cocok untuk n a k h i s r e b m e m foulant yang berupa senyawa organik dan , i g g n it g n a y i s a d i s k o a y a d i a y n u p m e m a n e r a k s i g o l o i b a g g n a y n e p n a t u r a l i a g a b e s i s g n u f r e b t a p a d l C H n a k g n a d e s (buffer )sehingga dapa tmengonrto lperubahan pHselama i a g a b e s t a p e t t a g n a s H O a N a r a t n e m e S . n a i c u c n e p s e s o r p n a d , k i n a g r o n a d i o l o k , a c il i s k u t n u h i s r e b m e p t a z foulant .) 5 9 9 1 , tt o c S ( i g o l o i b / k i n a g r o l a ir e t a m i r a d n a d i u h a t e g n e m k u t n u n a u j u tr e b i n i n a it il e n e P e p m e m lajar i eifsiens i dan efekitvtia s agen t chemica l g n i n a e l c .Agenttersebu tdikombinasikandenganpelrakuan d r a w r o f lfushing untuk mereduks ifoulant emuls iminyak a s o l u l e s i s a r a tl if a rt l u n a r b m e m a jr e n i k n a k t a k g n i n e m a n u g n a ri l a m e t s i s t a t e s a deadend .
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. 1 . 2 BahandanAla.t , H O a N a p u r e b n a it il e n e P a d a p n a k a n u g i d g n a y n a h a B O N H , l C H 3sebaga iChemica lAgen tCleaningdanEmuls i a tr e s t n a l u o f i a g a b e s l i o g n it t u c % 5 + r i a % 5 9 : k a y n i m n a k g n a d e S . ) g n i h s u lf ( s a li b m e p n a h a b i a g a b e s t s e d a u q A a n u g i d g n a y t a l a kanyaknis eperangka tperalatanmembran , . n a p m u i k g n a t i a g a b e s r e b m e n a D . h c a w p o t s , r u k u s a l e g t i n u n a i a k g n a r a m e k S ulrtaflirtasidisaijkan padaGamba r . 1 . 2 . 2 Vairabe lPeneilitan : p a t e t l e b a ir a V . n a s a li b m e p k u t n U r a b 5 , 0 : P ; ti n e m 0 3 : t a e l c t n e g a l a c i m e h C ning( NaOH ,HCl ,danHNO3) r a b 5 , 0 : P ; ti n e m 0 3 : t : k a y n i m i s l u m E n a g n i d n a b r e P % 5 9 / % 5 = r i a /l i o g n it u C t i n e m 0 6 : t : p a t e t k a d it l e b a ir a V : k a y n i m i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p k u t n U r a b 5 , 1 n a d 1 ; 5 , 0 : P . 1 r a b m a G DiagramMembranUlrtaflirtas iSistemAlrianDeadend. . 2 r a b m a G FlowChar tProsedu rPeneilitan.i g o l o i b o n k e T Vo.lI INo.1 :9 – 15 7 8 0 2 : N S S I - 5428 1 1 . 4 r a b m a G Nlia iRR Masing-masingKonsenrtas iBahan n a n a k e T n a h a b u r e P n a d i c u c n e P Transmem -. k a y n i M i s l u m E t n e m t a e r T n a r b m a G bar 3 .Nlia iFR Masing-masing Konsenrtas iBahan s n a r T n a n a k e T n a h a b u r e P n a d i c u c n e P m -em . k a y n i M i s l u m E t n e m t a e r T n a r b O N H n a d , l C H , H O a N ( g n i n a e l c t n e g a l a c i m e h C 3 )pada g n i s a m -masingkonsenrtasi: N 1 n a d , 5 0 , 1 , 0 : C . 3 . 2 Prosedu rPeneilitan i d l a w a n a i c u c n e p a d a p s e d a u q a e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e P n a n a k e t a d a p t i n e m 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a . i w J i a g a b e s n a k a t a k i d s k u lf n a g n u ti h l i s a H . r a b 5 , 0 i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p l i s a h e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p , a y n t u j n a l e S a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a i d k a y n i m 1 jam pada . f J i a g a b e s i a d n a ti d s k u lf i n i p a h a t a d a P . r a b 5 , 0 n a n a k e t n a s a li b m e p e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a k u k a li d n a i d u m e K 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a i d , s e d a u q a n a g n e d s k u lf n a g n u ti h l i s a H . r a b 5 , 0 n a n a k e t a d a p t i n e m . w w J i a g a b e s n a k a t a k a i d n a k a n u g g n e m a i m i k n a i c u c n e p e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e P n a ri l a i d e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p i n i p a h a t a d a p , N 1 , 0 H O a N p t i n e m 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p adat ekanan0,5bar . n a i d u m e K . c c J i a g a b e s t u b e s i d n a g n u ti h l i s a h s k u l F r i h k a n a s a li b m e p k u t n u e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a k u k a li d 0 3 a m a l e s n a k u k a li d i n i n a r u k u g n e p , s e d a u q a n a g n e d p a h a t a d a p s k u lf n a g n u ti H , ti n e m 5 r e p r u k u i d g n a y t i n e m . c w J i a g a b e s i a d n a ti d i n i Tahapant ersebu tdliakukansama a y n n i a l i s a rt n e s n o k l e b a ir a v n a g n e d a i m i k n a i c u c n e p k u t n u g n i s a m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y a i m i k n a h a b n a d -masing O N H n a d l C H i tr e p e s a i m i k n a h a b 3 . e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a g n e d n a k t u j n a li d n a i d u m e K a p n a t r i a n a g n e d k a y n i m n a h a s i m e p pelrakuan pencucian n u p u a m a i m i k n a h a b n a g n e d n a i c u c n e p , s e d a u q a n a g n e d .s e d a u q a n a g n e d r i h k a n a s a li b m e p Prosedu rpeneilitan . 2 r a b m a G a d a p i j a s r e t . 4 . 2 AnailsaHasli a i m i k a r a c e s n a i c u c n e p k u t n u n a k u k a li d g n a y a s il a n A n e s r e p g n u ti h g n e m n a g n e d h a l a d a resitsant removal n a d ) % R R ( lf uxrecovery(FR%)( eifsiens ipencucian )pada i s a rt n e s n o k i s i d n o k i a g a b r e b chemical cleaning agent h r e t adap masing-masing kondis ioperas iflirtasi .Rumu s n e s r e p g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y resistant l a v o m e r dan persen lf ux recovery (Kazemimoghadam M : t u k ir e b i a g a b e s ) 6 0 0 2 , T i d a m m a h o M n a d f R ( [ = ) % ( R R – Rc/)Rf ]x1001 c w J ( [ = ) % ( R F - Jww)(/Jw i– wJw ) ]x100 s k u lf g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y s u m u R :t u k ir e b i a g a b e s h a l a d a ) 0 0 0 2 , Y n e h o C n a d S R h s i b i a F ( /f Q = t J n a t s i s e R g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y s u m u R ) 0 0 0 2 , A D a il o c s i M ( y c r a d m u k u h i t u k i g n e m n a r b m e M : i n k a y
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. n a i c u c n e P i s n e is if E r e t e m a r a p h e l o n a k i s a k i d n i d n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E Fluk s y r e v o c e R (FR ) dan Resistance Removal (RR) . Kedua i d a m a h o M h e l o i n i r o t a k i d n i e t all (2002 ) dan n a k i d a ji d h a l e t ) 7 0 0 2 ( i d a m m a h o M n a d m a d a h g o m i m e z a K . n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e t a h il e m a n u g r u k u k o l o t i a g a b e s s e s o r p a n a m h u a j e s n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m i n i r e t e m a r a P s a ti v it k e f e i l a b m e k n a k t a k g n i n e m u p m a m n a i c u c n e p n a k u t n e b m e p h a l e t e s k i a b n a r b m e m a jr e n i k fouilng oleh n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d h a l e t e s n u p u a m k a y n i m i s l u m e i g o l o i b o n k e T Vo.lI INo.1 :9 – 15 7 8 0 2 : N S S I - 5428 1 1 . 4 r a b m a G Nlia iRRMasing-masingKonsenrtas iBahan n a n a k e T n a h a b u r e P n a d i c u c n e P Transmem -. k a y n i M i s l u m E t n e m t a e r T n a r b m a G bar 3 .Nlia iFR Masing-masing Konsenrtas iBahan s n a r T n a n a k e T n a h a b u r e P n a d i c u c n e P m -em . k a y n i M i s l u m E t n e m t a e r T n a r b O N H n a d , l C H , H O a N ( g n i n a e l c t n e g a l a c i m e h C 3 )pada g n i s a m -masingkonsenrtasi: N 1 n a d , 5 0 , 1 , 0 : C . 3 . 2 Prosedu rPeneilitan i d l a w a n a i c u c n e p a d a p s e d a u q a e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e P n a n a k e t a d a p t i n e m 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a . i w J i a g a b e s n a k a t a k i d s k u lf n a g n u ti h l i s a H . r a b 5 , 0 i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p l i s a h e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p , a y n t u j n a l e S a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a i d k a y n i m 1 jampada . f J i a g a b e s i a d n a ti d s k u lf i n i p a h a t a d a P . r a b 5 , 0 n a n a k e t n a s a li b m e p e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a k u k a li d n a i d u m e K 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a i d , s e d a u q a n a g n e d s k u lf n a g n u ti h l i s a H . r a b 5 , 0 n a n a k e t a d a p t i n e m . w w J i a g a b e s n a k a t a k a i d n a k a n u g g n e m a i m i k n a i c u c n e p e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e P n a ri l a i d e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p i n i p a h a t a d a p , N 1 , 0 H O a N p t i n e m 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p adat ekanan0,5bar . n a i d u m e K . c c J i a g a b e s t u b e s i d n a g n u ti h l i s a h s k u l F r i h k a n a s a li b m e p k u t n u e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a k u k a li d 0 3 a m a l e s n a k u k a li d i n i n a r u k u g n e p , s e d a u q a n a g n e d p a h a t a d a p s k u lf n a g n u ti H , ti n e m 5 r e p r u k u i d g n a y t i n e m . c w J i a g a b e s i a d n a ti d i n i Tahapant ersebu tdliakukansama a y n n i a l i s a rt n e s n o k l e b a ir a v n a g n e d a i m i k n a i c u c n e p k u t n u g n i s a m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y a i m i k n a h a b n a d -masing O N H n a d l C H i tr e p e s a i m i k n a h a b 3 . e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a g n e d n a k t u j n a li d n a i d u m e K a p n a t r i a n a g n e d k a y n i m n a h a s i m e p pelrakuan pencucian n u p u a m a i m i k n a h a b n a g n e d n a i c u c n e p , s e d a u q a n a g n e d .s e d a u q a n a g n e d r i h k a n a s a li b m e p Prosedu rpeneilitan . 2 r a b m a G a d a p i j a s r e t . 4 . 2 AnailsaHasli a i m i k a r a c e s n a i c u c n e p k u t n u n a k u k a li d g n a y a s il a n A n e s r e p g n u ti h g n e m n a g n e d h a l a d a reis tsant removal n a d ) % R R ( lf uxrecovery(FR%)( eifsiens ipencucian )pada i s a rt n e s n o k i s i d n o k i a g a b r e b chemical cleaning agent h r e t adap masing-masing kondis ioperas iflirtasi .Rumu s n e s r e p g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y re istsant l a v o m e r dan persen lf ux recovery (Kazemimoghadam M : t u k ir e b i a g a b e s ) 6 0 0 2 , T i d a m m a h o M n a d f R ( [ = ) % ( R R – Rc/)Rf ]x1001 c w J ( [ = ) % ( R F - Jww)(/Jw i– wJw ) ]x100 s k u lf g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y s u m u R :t u k ir e b i a g a b e s h a l a d a ) 0 0 0 2 , Y n e h o C n a d S R h s i b i a F ( /f Q = t J n a t s i s e R g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y s u m u R ) 0 0 0 2 , A D a il o c s i M ( y c r a d m u k u h i t u k i g n e m n a r b m e M : i n k a yJ
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n a ri l a k u t n u a n e r a K deadendmakar umu sdiata smenjadi 2 ) ( i r M T P P P t a p a d n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e g n u ti h g n e m k u t n U : ) 6 0 0 2 , B J t o c S ( t u k ir e b s u m u r n a k a n u g g n e m s s e n v it c e f e g n i n a e l C (% )=( 1-avg(uncleaned lfuks/cleaned s k u lf )*100.
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. n a i c u c n e P i s n e is if E r e t e m a r a p h e l o n a k i s a k i d n i d n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E Fluk s y r e v o c e R (FR ) dan Resi tsance Removal (RR) .Kedua i d a m a h o M h e l o i n i r o t a k i d n i e t all (2002 ) dan n a k i d a ji d h a l e t ) 7 0 0 2 ( i d a m m a h o M n a d m a d a h g o m i m e z a K . n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e t a h il e m a n u g r u k u k o l o t i a g a b e s s e s o r p a n a m h u a j e s n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m i n i r e t e m a r a P s a ti v it k e f e i l a b m e k n a k t a k g n i n e m u p m a m n a i c u c n e p n a k u t n e b m e p h a l e t e s k i a b n a r b m e m a jr e n i k fouilng oleh n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d h a l e t e s n u p u a m k a y n i m i s l u m e i g o l o i b o n k e T Vo.lI INo.1 :9 – 15 7 8 0 2 : N S S I - 5428 1 1 . 4 r a b m a G Nlia iRR Masing-masingKonsenrtas iBahan n a n a k e T n a h a b u r e P n a d i c u c n e P Transmem -. k a y n i M i s l u m E t n e m t a e r T n a r b m a G bar 3 .Nlia iFR Masing-masing Konsenrtas iBahan s n a r T n a n a k e T n a h a b u r e P n a d i c u c n e P m -em . k a y n i M i s l u m E t n e m t a e r T n a r b O N H n a d , l C H , H O a N ( g n i n a e l c t n e g a l a c i m e h C 3 )pada g n i s a m -masingkonsenrtasi: N 1 n a d , 5 0 , 1 , 0 : C . 3 . 2 Prosedu rPeneilitan i d l a w a n a i c u c n e p a d a p s e d a u q a e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e P n a n a k e t a d a p t i n e m 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a . i w J i a g a b e s n a k a t a k i d s k u lf n a g n u ti h l i s a H . r a b 5 , 0 i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p l i s a h e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p , a y n t u j n a l e S a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a i d k a y n i m 1jam pada . f J i a g a b e s i a d n a ti d s k u lf i n i p a h a t a d a P . r a b 5 , 0 n a n a k e t n a s a li b m e p e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a k u k a li d n a i d u m e K 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p n a ri l a i d , s e d a u q a n a g n e d s k u lf n a g n u ti h l i s a H . r a b 5 , 0 n a n a k e t a d a p t i n e m . w w J i a g a b e s n a k a t a k a i d n a k a n u g g n e m a i m i k n a i c u c n e p e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e P n a ri l a i d e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p i n i p a h a t a d a p , N 1 , 0 H O a N p t i n e m 0 3 a m a l e s t i n e m 5 r e p t a e m r e p adat ekanan0,5bar . n a i d u m e K . c c J i a g a b e s t u b e s i d n a g n u ti h l i s a h s k u l F r i h k a n a s a li b m e p k u t n u e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a k u k a li d 0 3 a m a l e s n a k u k a li d i n i n a r u k u g n e p , s e d a u q a n a g n e d p a h a t a d a p s k u lf n a g n u ti H , ti n e m 5 r e p r u k u i d g n a y t i n e m . c w J i a g a b e s i a d n a ti d i n i Tahapant ersebu tdliakukansama a y n n i a l i s a rt n e s n o k l e b a ir a v n a g n e d a i m i k n a i c u c n e p k u t n u g n i s a m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y a i m i k n a h a b n a d -masing O N H n a d l C H i tr e p e s a i m i k n a h a b 3 . e m u l o v n a r u k u g n e p n a g n e d n a k t u j n a li d n a i d u m e K a p n a t r i a n a g n e d k a y n i m n a h a s i m e p pelrakuan pencucian n u p u a m a i m i k n a h a b n a g n e d n a i c u c n e p , s e d a u q a n a g n e d .s e d a u q a n a g n e d r i h k a n a s a li b m e p Prosedu rpeneilitan . 2 r a b m a G a d a p i j a s r e t . 4 . 2 AnailsaHasli a i m i k a r a c e s n a i c u c n e p k u t n u n a k u k a li d g n a y a s il a n A n e s r e p g n u ti h g n e m n a g n e d h a l a d a re istsant removal n a d ) % R R ( lf uxrecovery(FR%)( eifsiens ipencucian )pada i s a rt n e s n o k i s i d n o k i a g a b r e b chemical cleaning agent h r e t adap masing-masing kondis ioperas iflirtasi .Rumu s n e s r e p g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y re istsant l a v o m e r dan persen lf ux recovery (Kazemimoghadam M : t u k ir e b i a g a b e s ) 6 0 0 2 , T i d a m m a h o M n a d f R ( [ = ) % ( R R – Rc/)Rf ]x1001 c w J ( [ = ) % ( R F - Jww)(/Jw i– wJw ) ]x100 s k u lf g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y s u m u R :t u k ir e b i a g a b e s h a l a d a ) 0 0 0 2 , Y n e h o C n a d S R h s i b i a F ( /f Q = t J n a t s i s e R g n u ti h g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y s u m u R ) 0 0 0 2 , A D a il o c s i M ( y c r a d m u k u h i t u k i g n e m n a r b m e M : i n k a yJ
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n a ri l a k u t n u a n e r a K deadendmakar umu sdiata smenjadi 2 ) ( i r M T P P P t a p a d n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e g n u ti h g n e m k u t n U : ) 6 0 0 2 , B J t o c S ( t u k ir e b s u m u r n a k a n u g g n e m s s e n v it c e f e g n i n a e l C (% )=( 1-avg(uncleaned lfuks/cleaned s k u lf )*100.
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. n a i c u c n e P i s n e is if E r e t e m a r a p h e l o n a k i s a k i d n i d n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E Fluk s y r e v o c e R (FR ) dan Resi tsance Removal (RR) . Kedua i d a m a h o M h e l o i n i r o t a k i d n i e t all (2002 ) dan n a k i d a ji d h a l e t ) 7 0 0 2 ( i d a m m a h o M n a d m a d a h g o m i m e z a K . n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e t a h il e m a n u g r u k u k o l o t i a g a b e s s e s o r p a n a m h u a j e s n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m i n i r e t e m a r a P s a ti v it k e f e i l a b m e k n a k t a k g n i n e m u p m a m n a i c u c n e p n a k u t n e b m e p h a l e t e s k i a b n a r b m e m a jr e n i k fouilng oleh n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d h a l e t e s n u p u a m k a y n i m i s l u m eh e l o i h u r a g n e p i d t a g n a s n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E . n a r b m e m n a k u t n e b m e p n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t fouilng dan g n a y i c u c n e p n a h a b s i n e j a tr e s i c u c n e p n a h a b i s a rt n e s n o k b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d i n i a t a D . n a k a n u g i d a r3dan4. n a a n u g g n e p a d a p % 7 7 , 1 1 1 h a l a d a i g g n it r e t R F i a li N n a k u t n e b m e p k u t n u N 1 , 0 H O a N fouilng pada tekanan h a d n e r e t R F i a li n n a k g n a d e S . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt h a l a d a i a p a c i d -52,23% pada penggunaan HNO3 untuk n a k u t n e b m e p fouilngpadat ekanan rtansmembran0,85bar . h i b e l g n u r e d n e c R F i a li n n a h u r u l e s e k a r a c e s t a h il i d a k i J n a n a k e t a d a p s k u lf n a k u t n e b m e p k u t n u i d a jr e t i g g n it n a n a k e t n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt R R i a li n , n u m a N . r a b 5 8 , 0 n a d r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt R R i a li N . % 0 5 h a w a b i d r a s i k r e b teritngg i mencapa i O N H n a a n u g g n e p a d a p % 1 5 , 6 3 3 untuk pembentukan g n il u o f pada tekanan rtansmembran 1,35 bar .Sedangkan i a p a c n e m h a d n e r e t g n a y -17,20% pada tekanan . 4 r a b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d i n i a t a D . r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt u n e m % 0 0 1 i h i b e l e m R F i a li n i s a k i d n I njukan bahwa n a k b a b e s i d g n a y n a r b m e m r u t k u rt s n a h a b u r e p i d a jr e t h a l e t n a r b m e m i r o p a g g n i h e s l a i s r a p a r a c e s H O a N k a t n o k h e l o t a fi s r e b n a r b m e m n a k b a b e y n e m u ti n i a l e s r a s e b h i b e l n a k a g n a y n a t k a f r u s s i n e j ) 8 7 9 1 ( n o tl i M t u r u n e M . k il if o r d y h m e i a g a b e s i s g n u f r e b ulsiife r(emulsfiying agent )biasanya s e t a n o fl u s m u e l o rt e p n a g n o l o g c i n o i n a n a t k a f r u s k u s a m r e t ( m u i d o s m a r a g s i n e j sodium satl .Sfia tsurfaktan didalam ( k a y n i m i s l u m e o/wemulsion )ekornyabersfia thidrofobik (-C -H2) , sehingga mudah menairk moleku l minyak t a g n a s n a k a k il if o r d y h t a fi s r e b g n a y a y n a l a p e k a g g n i h e s . k i n o i n a t a fi s r e b n a d r i a l u k e l o m n a g n e d n a t a k ir e b h a d u m O N H n a a n u g g n e p a d a p n u m a N 3 ,eifsiens iyangdicapa i l a c i m e h c a w h a b n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m % 0 i r a d h a d n e r h i b e l p a r e y n e m u p m a m m u l e b i n i t n e g a foulant yangt erdeposis i . g n i g g o l c k u t n e b m e m g n a y i r o p n a a k u m r e p a d a p , ) 2 0 0 2 ( l a t e i d a m a h o m n a t a m a g n e P foulant dar iminera l n a r b m e m n a a k u m r e p h e l o p a r e s i d t a p e c h i b e l u p m a m a g u j l a r e n i M . n i e t o r p n a d k a m e l n a k g n i d n a b i d p a l( l a n r e t s k e n a a k u m r e p k u t n e b m e m t a p e c r e p m e m isan e k a c ) . Hasi l pengamatan yang telah dliakukan ,bahan n a k r u c n a h g n e m u p m a m t i k i d e s m a s a t a fi s r e b g n a y i c u c n e p n a s i p a l cakedar ifoulantmineral . a t a r n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E -ratayangdtiempuhselama s i n e j n a d i s a rt n e s n o k a m a s g n a y n a n a k e t a d a p , n a t a m a g n e p r e t e m a r a p a u d e k i h u r a g n e p m e m t a g n a s i c u c n e p n a h a b a t a r a r a c e S . n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e -ratanlia iFRdanRRpada n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m g n u r e d n e c n a a n u g g n e p i s l u m e t n e t m a e rt n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a y n t a k g n i n e m n a d l C H n a a n u g g n e p n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i l a H . k a y n i m O N H 3 (Datai n idisaijkanpadaGamba r5.) a t a r R F i a li N -ratamaksimumdiperoleh89,89%namun 1 H O a N n a a n u g g n e p a d a p i n k a y ) % 8 4 , 6 2 ( h a d n e r R R i a li n i a li N n a k g n a d e S . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t n a d N a y n R F i a li n n u m a n % 0 1 , 0 3 a d a p i a p a c i d m u m i s k a m R R a j e n m d i turun yakn i mencapa i 72,77% yakn i pada 5 3 , 1 n a n a k e t a d a p i s i d n o k k u t n u N 1 3 O N H n a a n u g g n e p n a k t a k g n i n e m n i g n i a k ij a w h a b n a k u j n u n e m i n i l a H . r a b a k ij a y n k il a b e s , n u r u n e m n a k a n a t s i s e r a k a m s k u lf i a li n . n u r u t n a k a s k u lf a k a m n a k t a k g n it i d n a t s i s e r O N H n a a n u g g n e p k u t n u n u m a N 3 nlia iFR terendah k u t n u n a k g n a d e s r a b 5 4 , 0 n a n a k e t i s i d n o k a d a p h e l o r e p i d O N H n a k a n u g g n e m r a b 5 3 , 1 n a n a k e t a d a p i g g n it r e t R R 3 . n a n a k e t a d a p n u m a N rtansmembran0,45ba rbelumcukup l a H . n a a k u m r e p n a g n a g e t n a k il a b m e g n e m k u t n u u p m a m i a p a c n e m R R i a li n n a g n e d i a d n a ti d i n i -0,73persen( angka R F r e t e m a r a p a d a p n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e , u ti n i a l e S . ) s u n i m . R R n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d r a s e b h i b e l u l a l e s e k n a a d e b r e P duaparamete reifsens ipencuciani ni ,ijka m a d a h g o m i m e z a K n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d g n a y i s a m r o f n i n a k u j n u n e m ) 7 0 0 2 ( i d a m m a h o M n a d i s n e i s if e , u s u s i rt s u d n i h a b m il n a h a l o g n e p a d a P . a d e b r e b n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m R R r e t e m a r a p k u t n u n a i c u c n e p n a g n u r d n e c e k lebih itngg i dibandingkan dengan FR . i d a m m a h o M n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a k g n a d e S e tal (2002) , a d a p i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p ir a d g n u t n a g r e t t a g n a s R F i a li n l i s a h n u m a N . a m a s g n a y i s a r e p o n a n a k e t i s i d n o k t a g n a s R F n a k u j n u n e m i n i n a it il e n e p a d a p n a t a m a g n e p e l o i h u r a g n e p i d ht ekanan rtansmembranprose spengolahan . k a y n i m i s l u m e i s a s il a u t k o lf a n e r a k a g u d i d R R i a li n a y n h a d n e r i s a k i d n I t n a l u o f emuls iminyak (pembentukan lfoks )secara teru s n a a k u m r e p a d a p i s a rt n e s n o k r e t i s a s ir a l o p n a d s u r e n e m a i c u c n e p t a a s a d a p a g g n i h e s , n a r b m e m n akan bereaks i a y n a d a n a g n e d i t a m a r e t i n i l a H . i c u c n e p n e g a n a g n e d n a h a b a r a t n a i s k a e R . n a it il e n e p t a a s a d a p n a h u r e k e k n a g n e d i c u c n e p foulantemuls iminyakjuga t eramat ioleh h a l a d a i d a jr e t g n a y i s k a e r n a a g u d n e P . ) 3 0 0 2 ( i a B n a d m i L a s u t u m e p n a d s i s il o r d i h n ikatan .Ha lin imengakibatkan n a a k u m r e p a d a p u r a b r o t o g n e p l a ir e t a m n a k u t n e b m e p . n a r b m e m n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a g n e d a m a s r i p m a h i n i r o t k a F o n o g g n A n a d , o tr a i d A , o k o d n a H (2003) .Ha lin ididuga n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d h a d n e r h i b e l R R i a li n n a k b a b e y n e m u r e k e K . R F han pada saa tpencucian membran mampu l a w a s k u lf a g g n i h e s t a e m r e p a y n n u r u t i g n a l a h g n e m n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d u t k a w a d a p , a n e r a K . li c e k n i k a m e s h a l m u j n a k g n a li h g n e m a y n a h n a r b m e m fouilng tetrentu . , n a k g n a d e S fouilng yangt eritngga lpada konsenrtas iyang h i b e l itngg ijuga semakin besar ,faulan tin idikatakan h a l e t e s s e s o r p a m a l e s i s a u t k u lf a n e m o n e F . e l b i s r e v e r ri i a g a b e s n a k a t a k i d n a i c u c n e p irreversibelfouilng. a b m a G r5 .PengaruhKenaikanTekananTerhadapFRdan g n i s a M R R -masingBahanPencuc.i h e l o i h u r a g n e p i d t a g n a s n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E . n a r b m e m n a k u t n e b m e p n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t fouilng dan g n a y i c u c n e p n a h a b s i n e j a tr e s i c u c n e p n a h a b i s a rt n e s n o k b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d i n i a t a D . n a k a n u g i d a r3dan4. n a a n u g g n e p a d a p % 7 7 , 1 1 1 h a l a d a i g g n it r e t R F i a li N n a k u t n e b m e p k u t n u N 1 , 0 H O a N fouilng pada tekanan h a d n e r e t R F i a li n n a k g n a d e S . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt h a l a d a i a p a c i d -52,23% pada penggunaan HNO3 untuk n a k u t n e b m e p fouilngpadat ekanan rtansmembran0,85bar . h i b e l g n u r e d n e c R F i a li n n a h u r u l e s e k a r a c e s t a h il i d a k i J n a n a k e t a d a p s k u lf n a k u t n e b m e p k u t n u i d a jr e t i g g n it n a n a k e t n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt R R i a li n , n u m a N . r a b 5 8 , 0 n a d r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt R R i a li N . % 0 5 h a w a b i d r a s i k r e b teritngg i mencapa i O N H n a a n u g g n e p a d a p % 1 5 , 6 3 3 untuk pembentukan g n il u o f pada tekanan rtansmembran 1,35 bar .Sedangkan i a p a c n e m h a d n e r e t g n a y -17,20% pada tekanan . 4 r a b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d i n i a t a D . r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt u n e m % 0 0 1 i h i b e l e m R F i a li n i s a k i d n I njukan bahwa n a k b a b e s i d g n a y n a r b m e m r u t k u rt s n a h a b u r e p i d a jr e t h a l e t n a r b m e m i r o p a g g n i h e s l a i s r a p a r a c e s H O a N k a t n o k h e l o t a fi s r e b n a r b m e m n a k b a b e y n e m u ti n i a l e s r a s e b h i b e l n a k a g n a y n a t k a f r u s s i n e j ) 8 7 9 1 ( n o tl i M t u r u n e M . k il if o r d y h m e i a g a b e s i s g n u f r e b ulsiife r(emulsfiying agent )biasanya s e t a n o fl u s m u e l o rt e p n a g n o l o g c i n o i n a n a t k a f r u s k u s a m r e t ( m u i d o s m a r a g s i n e j sodium satl .Sfia tsurfaktandidalam ( k a y n i m i s l u m e o/wemulison )ekornyabersfia thidrofobik (-C -H2) , sehingga mudah menairk moleku l minyak t a g n a s n a k a k il if o r d y h t a fi s r e b g n a y a y n a l a p e k a g g n i h e s . k i n o i n a t a fi s r e b n a d r i a l u k e l o m n a g n e d n a t a k ir e b h a d u m O N H n a a n u g g n e p a d a p n u m a N 3 ,eifsiens iyangdicapa i l a c i m e h c a w h a b n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m % 0 i r a d h a d n e r h i b e l p a r e y n e m u p m a m m u l e b i n i t n e g a foulant yangt erdeposis i . g n i g g o l c k u t n e b m e m g n a y i r o p n a a k u m r e p a d a p , ) 2 0 0 2 ( l a t e i d a m a h o m n a t a m a g n e P foulant dar iminera l n a r b m e m n a a k u m r e p h e l o p a r e s i d t a p e c h i b e l u p m a m a g u j l a r e n i M . n i e t o r p n a d k a m e l n a k g n i d n a b i d p a l( l a n r e t s k e n a a k u m r e p k u t n e b m e m t a p e c r e p m e m isan e k a c ) . Hasi l pengamatan yang telah dliakukan ,bahan n a k r u c n a h g n e m u p m a m t i k i d e s m a s a t a fi s r e b g n a y i c u c n e p n a s i p a l cakedar ifoulantmineral . a t a r n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E -ratayangdtiempuhselama s i n e j n a d i s a rt n e s n o k a m a s g n a y n a n a k e t a d a p , n a t a m a g n e p r e t e m a r a p a u d e k i h u r a g n e p m e m t a g n a s i c u c n e p n a h a b a t a r a r a c e S . n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e -ratanlia iFRdanRRpada n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m g n u r e d n e c n a a n u g g n e p i s l u m e t n e t m a e rt n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a y n t a k g n i n e m n a d l C H n a a n u g g n e p n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i l a H . k a y n i m O N H 3 (Datai n idisaijkanpadaGamba r5.) a t a r R F i a li N -ratamaksimumdiperoleh89,89%namun 1 H O a N n a a n u g g n e p a d a p i n k a y ) % 8 4 , 6 2 ( h a d n e r R R i a li n i a li N n a k g n a d e S . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t n a d N a y n R F i a li n n u m a n % 0 1 , 0 3 a d a p i a p a c i d m u m i s k a m R R a j e n m d i turun yakn i mencapa i 72,77% yakn i pada 5 3 , 1 n a n a k e t a d a p i s i d n o k k u t n u N 1 3 O N H n a a n u g g n e p n a k t a k g n i n e m n i g n i a k ij a w h a b n a k u j n u n e m i n i l a H . r a b a k ij a y n k il a b e s , n u r u n e m n a k a n a t s i s e r a k a m s k u lf i a li n . n u r u t n a k a s k u lf a k a m n a k t a k g n it i d n a t s i s e r O N H n a a n u g g n e p k u t n u n u m a N 3 nlia iFR terendah k u t n u n a k g n a d e s r a b 5 4 , 0 n a n a k e t i s i d n o k a d a p h e l o r e p i d O N H n a k a n u g g n e m r a b 5 3 , 1 n a n a k e t a d a p i g g n it r e t R R 3 . n a n a k e t a d a p n u m a N rtansmembran0,45ba rbelumcukup l a H . n a a k u m r e p n a g n a g e t n a k il a b m e g n e m k u t n u u p m a m i a p a c n e m R R i a li n n a g n e d i a d n a ti d i n i -0,73persen( angka R F r e t e m a r a p a d a p n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e , u ti n i a l e S . ) s u n i m . R R n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d r a s e b h i b e l u l a l e s e k n a a d e b r e P duaparamete reifsens ipencuciani ni ,ijka m a d a h g o m i m e z a K n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d g n a y i s a m r o f n i n a k u j n u n e m ) 7 0 0 2 ( i d a m m a h o M n a d i s n e i s if e , u s u s i rt s u d n i h a b m il n a h a l o g n e p a d a P . a d e b r e b n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m R R r e t e m a r a p k u t n u n a i c u c n e p n a g n u r d n e c e k lebih itngg i dibandingkan dengan FR . i d a m m a h o M n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a k g n a d e S e tal (2002) , a d a p i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p ir a d g n u t n a g r e t t a g n a s R F i a li n l i s a h n u m a N . a m a s g n a y i s a r e p o n a n a k e t i s i d n o k t a g n a s R F n a k u j n u n e m i n i n a it il e n e p a d a p n a t a m a g n e p e l o i h u r a g n e p i d ht ekanan rtansmembranprose spengolahan . k a y n i m i s l u m e i s a s il a u t k o lf a n e r a k a g u d i d R R i a li n a y n h a d n e r i s a k i d n I t n a l u o f emuls iminyak (pembentukan lfoks )secara teru s n a a k u m r e p a d a p i s a rt n e s n o k r e t i s a s ir a l o p n a d s u r e n e m a i c u c n e p t a a s a d a p a g g n i h e s , n a r b m e m n akan bereaks i a y n a d a n a g n e d i t a m a r e t i n i l a H . i c u c n e p n e g a n a g n e d n a h a b a r a t n a i s k a e R . n a it il e n e p t a a s a d a p n a h u r e k e k n a g n e d i c u c n e p foulant emuls iminyakjuga t eramat ioleh h a l a d a i d a jr e t g n a y i s k a e r n a a g u d n e P . ) 3 0 0 2 ( i a B n a d m i L a s u t u m e p n a d s i s il o r d i h n ikatan .Ha lin imengakibatkan n a a k u m r e p a d a p u r a b r o t o g n e p l a ir e t a m n a k u t n e b m e p . n a r b m e m n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a g n e d a m a s r i p m a h i n i r o t k a F o n o g g n A n a d , o tr a i d A , o k o d n a H (2003) .Ha lin ididuga n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d h a d n e r h i b e l R R i a li n n a k b a b e y n e m u r e k e K . R F han pada saa tpencucian membran mampu l a w a s k u lf a g g n i h e s t a e m r e p a y n n u r u t i g n a l a h g n e m n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d u t k a w a d a p , a n e r a K . li c e k n i k a m e s h a l m u j n a k g n a li h g n e m a y n a h n a r b m e m fouilng tetrentu . , n a k g n a d e S fouilngyangt eritngga lpada konsenrtas iyang h i b e l itngg ijuga semakin besar ,faulan tin idikatakan h a l e t e s s e s o r p a m a l e s i s a u t k u lf a n e m o n e F . e l b i s r e v e r ri i a g a b e s n a k a t a k i d n a i c u c n e p irrever isbelfouilng. a b m a G r5 .PengaruhKenaikanTekananTerhadapFRdan g n i s a M R R -masingBahanPencuc.i h e l o i h u r a g n e p i d t a g n a s n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E . n a r b m e m n a k u t n e b m e p n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t fouilng dan g n a y i c u c n e p n a h a b s i n e j a tr e s i c u c n e p n a h a b i s a rt n e s n o k b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d i n i a t a D . n a k a n u g i d a r3dan4. n a a n u g g n e p a d a p % 7 7 , 1 1 1 h a l a d a i g g n it r e t R F i a li N n a k u t n e b m e p k u t n u N 1 , 0 H O a N fouilng pada tekanan h a d n e r e t R F i a li n n a k g n a d e S . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt h a l a d a i a p a c i d -52,23% pada penggunaan HNO3 untuk n a k u t n e b m e p fouilngpadat ekanan rtansmembran0,85bar . h i b e l g n u r e d n e c R F i a li n n a h u r u l e s e k a r a c e s t a h il i d a k i J n a n a k e t a d a p s k u lf n a k u t n e b m e p k u t n u i d a jr e t i g g n it n a n a k e t n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt R R i a li n , n u m a N . r a b 5 8 , 0 n a d r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt R R i a li N . % 0 5 h a w a b i d r a s i k r e b teritngg i mencapa i O N H n a a n u g g n e p a d a p % 1 5 , 6 3 3 untuk pembentukan g n il u o f pada tekanan rtansmembran 1,35 bar .Sedangkan i a p a c n e m h a d n e r e t g n a y -17,20% pada tekanan . 4 r a b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d i n i a t a D . r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt u n e m % 0 0 1 i h i b e l e m R F i a li n i s a k i d n I njukan bahwa n a k b a b e s i d g n a y n a r b m e m r u t k u rt s n a h a b u r e p i d a jr e t h a l e t n a r b m e m i r o p a g g n i h e s l a i s r a p a r a c e s H O a N k a t n o k h e l o t a fi s r e b n a r b m e m n a k b a b e y n e m u ti n i a l e s r a s e b h i b e l n a k a g n a y n a t k a f r u s s i n e j ) 8 7 9 1 ( n o tl i M t u r u n e M . k il if o r d y h m e i a g a b e s i s g n u f r e b ulsiife r(emulsfiying agent )biasanya s e t a n o fl u s m u e l o rt e p n a g n o l o g c i n o i n a n a t k a f r u s k u s a m r e t ( m u i d o s m a r a g s i n e j sodium satl .Sfia tsurfaktan didalam ( k a y n i m i s l u m e o/wemulison )ekornya bersfia thidrofobik (-C -H2) , sehingga mudah menairk moleku l minyak t a g n a s n a k a k il if o r d y h t a fi s r e b g n a y a y n a l a p e k a g g n i h e s . k i n o i n a t a fi s r e b n a d r i a l u k e l o m n a g n e d n a t a k ir e b h a d u m O N H n a a n u g g n e p a d a p n u m a N 3 ,eifsiens iyangdicapa i l a c i m e h c a w h a b n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m % 0 i r a d h a d n e r h i b e l p a r e y n e m u p m a m m u l e b i n i t n e g a foulant yangt erdeposis i . g n i g g o l c k u t n e b m e m g n a y i r o p n a a k u m r e p a d a p , ) 2 0 0 2 ( l a t e i d a m a h o m n a t a m a g n e P foulant dar iminera l n a r b m e m n a a k u m r e p h e l o p a r e s i d t a p e c h i b e l u p m a m a g u j l a r e n i M . n i e t o r p n a d k a m e l n a k g n i d n a b i d p a l( l a n r e t s k e n a a k u m r e p k u t n e b m e m t a p e c r e p m e m isan e k a c ) . Hasi l pengamatan yang telah dliakukan ,bahan n a k r u c n a h g n e m u p m a m t i k i d e s m a s a t a fi s r e b g n a y i c u c n e p n a s i p a l cakedar ifoulantmineral . a t a r n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if E -ratayangdtiempuhselama s i n e j n a d i s a rt n e s n o k a m a s g n a y n a n a k e t a d a p , n a t a m a g n e p r e t e m a r a p a u d e k i h u r a g n e p m e m t a g n a s i c u c n e p n a h a b a t a r a r a c e S . n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e -ratanlia iFRdanRRpada n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m g n u r e d n e c n a a n u g g n e p i s l u m e t n e t m a e rt n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a y n t a k g n i n e m n a d l C H n a a n u g g n e p n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i l a H . k a y n i m O N H 3 (Datai n idisaijkanpadaGamba r5.) a t a r R F i a li N -ratamaksimumdiperoleh89,89%namun 1 H O a N n a a n u g g n e p a d a p i n k a y ) % 8 4 , 6 2 ( h a d n e r R R i a li n i a li N n a k g n a d e S . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t n a d N a y n R F i a li n n u m a n % 0 1 , 0 3 a d a p i a p a c i d m u m i s k a m R R a j e n m d i turun yakn i mencapa i 72,77% yakn i pada 5 3 , 1 n a n a k e t a d a p i s i d n o k k u t n u N 1 3 O N H n a a n u g g n e p n a k t a k g n i n e m n i g n i a k ij a w h a b n a k u j n u n e m i n i l a H . r a b a k ij a y n k il a b e s , n u r u n e m n a k a n a t s i s e r a k a m s k u lf i a li n . n u r u t n a k a s k u lf a k a m n a k t a k g n it i d n a t s i s e r O N H n a a n u g g n e p k u t n u n u m a N 3 nlia iFR terendah k u t n u n a k g n a d e s r a b 5 4 , 0 n a n a k e t i s i d n o k a d a p h e l o r e p i d O N H n a k a n u g g n e m r a b 5 3 , 1 n a n a k e t a d a p i g g n it r e t R R 3 . n a n a k e t a d a p n u m a N rtansmembran0,45ba rbelumcukup l a H . n a a k u m r e p n a g n a g e t n a k il a b m e g n e m k u t n u u p m a m i a p a c n e m R R i a li n n a g n e d i a d n a ti d i n i -0,73persen( angka R F r e t e m a r a p a d a p n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e , u ti n i a l e S . ) s u n i m . R R n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d r a s e b h i b e l u l a l e s e k n a a d e b r e P duaparamete reifsens ipencuciani ni ,ijka m a d a h g o m i m e z a K n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d g n a y i s a m r o f n i n a k u j n u n e m ) 7 0 0 2 ( i d a m m a h o M n a d i s n e i s if e , u s u s i rt s u d n i h a b m il n a h a l o g n e p a d a P . a d e b r e b n a k i s a k i d n i g n e m R R r e t e m a r a p k u t n u n a i c u c n e p n a g n u r d n e c e k lebih itngg i dibandingkan dengan FR . i d a m m a h o M n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a k g n a d e S e tal (2002) , a d a p i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p ir a d g n u t n a g r e t t a g n a s R F i a li n l i s a h n u m a N . a m a s g n a y i s a r e p o n a n a k e t i s i d n o k t a g n a s R F n a k u j n u n e m i n i n a it il e n e p a d a p n a t a m a g n e p e l o i h u r a g n e p i d ht ekanan rtansmembranprose spengolahan . k a y n i m i s l u m e i s a s il a u t k o lf a n e r a k a g u d i d R R i a li n a y n h a d n e r i s a k i d n I t n a l u o f emuls iminyak (pembentukan lfoks )secara teru s n a a k u m r e p a d a p i s a rt n e s n o k r e t i s a s ir a l o p n a d s u r e n e m a i c u c n e p t a a s a d a p a g g n i h e s , n a r b m e m n akan bereaks i a y n a d a n a g n e d i t a m a r e t i n i l a H . i c u c n e p n e g a n a g n e d n a h a b a r a t n a i s k a e R . n a it il e n e p t a a s a d a p n a h u r e k e k n a g n e d i c u c n e p foulantemuls iminyakjuga t eramat ioleh h a l a d a i d a jr e t g n a y i s k a e r n a a g u d n e P . ) 3 0 0 2 ( i a B n a d m i L a s u t u m e p n a d s i s il o r d i h n ikatan .Ha lin imengakibatkan n a a k u m r e p a d a p u r a b r o t o g n e p l a ir e t a m n a k u t n e b m e p . n a r b m e m n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h n a g n e d a m a s r i p m a h i n i r o t k a F o n o g g n A n a d , o tr a i d A , o k o d n a H (2003) .Ha lin ididuga n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d h a d n e r h i b e l R R i a li n n a k b a b e y n e m u r e k e K . R F han pada saa tpencucian membran mampu l a w a s k u lf a g g n i h e s t a e m r e p a y n n u r u t i g n a l a h g n e m n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d u t k a w a d a p , a n e r a K . li c e k n i k a m e s h a l m u j n a k g n a li h g n e m a y n a h n a r b m e m fouilng tetrentu . , n a k g n a d e S fouilngyangt eritngga lpada konsenrtas iyang h i b e l itngg ijuga semakin besar ,faulan tin idikatakan h a l e t e s s e s o r p a m a l e s i s a u t k u lf a n e m o n e F . e l b i s r e v e r ri i a g a b e s n a k a t a k i d n a i c u c n e p irrever isbelfouilng. a b m a G r5 .PengaruhKenaikanTekananTerhadapFRdan g n i s a M R R -masingBahanPencuc.i
i g o l o i b o n k e T Vo.lI INo.1 :9 – 15 7 8 0 2 : N S S I - 5428 3 1 . n a i c u c n e P s a ti v it k e f E a r a t n a n a g n i d n a b r e p n a k a p u r e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d m u l e b e s s k u lf n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E . n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d h a l e t e s a y n t a k g n i n e m n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m g n u r e d n e c i s a m r o f n i n a k ij a y n e m 6 r a b m a G . n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t . H O a N n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e . 6 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucian Menggunakan NaOH . n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h r e T a d a p N 1 , 0 H O a N n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a d a p k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt c n a d % 9 5 , 4 1 i a p a c n e m r a b endrung meningka t pada i s a rt n e s n o k n a t a k g n i n e p k u t n u a m a s g n a y n a n a k e t i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p n a k g n a d e S . % 6 2 , 6 3 i a p a c n e m s a ti v it k e f e n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t n a t a k g n i n e p a d a p , a m a s g n a y n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i l a H . % 6 8 , 8 2 i a p a c n e m s a ti v it k e f e O N H n a a n u g g n e p 3sebaga ibahanpencuci( chemica lagen t g n i n a e l c ) . Efekitvtia s pencucian menggunakan HNO3 . 7 r a b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d . 7 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucian Menggunakan HNO3 . n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h r e T O N H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E 30,1N pada 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a d a p k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt a d a p n u r u n e m a y n t u j n a l e s i s a k i d n I . % 5 5 , 7 i a p a c n e m r a b i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p n a k u k a lr e p n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a k ij t a k g n i n e m n a k a a y n t u j n a l e s r a b 5 8 , 0 r a s e b e s k a y n i m ti d i c u c n e p n a h a b i s a rt n e s n o k ingkatkan . Efekitvtia s . % 1 2 , 2 1 i a p a c n e m n a k i s a k i d n ii d i g g n it r e t n a i c u c n e p i a g a b e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e , n u m a N a d e b r e b g n a y i s a k i d n i n a k u j n u n e m i c u c n e p n a h a b O N H n a d H O a N n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d 3 . Gamba r 8 u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p i s a m r o f n i n a k ij a y n e m nakanHCl . . 8 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucianMenggunakanHC lTer -. n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h n a h a b i a g a b e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p i n k a y % 1 6 , 6 2 i a p a c n e m i g g n it r e t i c u c n e p n a n a k e tr e b k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt s e s r o p k u t n u N 1 1,35 r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t i s i d n o k a d a p , n u m a N . r a b s a ti v it k e f e n a k u j n u n e m i s a rt n e s n o k n a h a b u r e p k u t n u n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e , n a k g n a d e S . a m a s r i p m a h n a i c u c n e p n a n a k e t n a t a k g n i n e p n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m n a k a . n a r b m e m s n a rt s i d n o k , n a h u r u l e s e k a r a c e S iefekitvtia spencucianyang i s a rt n e s n o k i s i d n o k a d a p i n k a y % 7 1 , 7 3 i a p a c n e m i g g n it r e t n a n a k e tr e b k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt a d a p N 1 n a i c u c n e p a i m i k n a h a b n a a n u g g n e p a k i J . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt a t a ri d -ratakan pada masing-masing kondis ioperas imaka n i d n a b r e p gannya mengindikasikan penggunaan basa m a s A i l a k l A n a a n u g g n e p a d a p ir a d k i a b h i b e l ) H O a N ( O N H n a d l C H ( 3)( DatadisaijkanpadaGamba r9.) . 9 r a b m a G PerbandinganEfekitvtia sRata-rata Pencucian g n i s a M a d a P -masing Chemica lAgen tYang . n a k a n u g i D s a ti v it k e f E pencucian rata-rata NaOH mencapa i29,82 a k ij % 0 4 , 6 1 a g g n i h n u r u n e m s a ti v it k e f e n u m a n % O N H n a k g n a d e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m 38,80% .Capaiandata k r a P , ) 6 0 0 2 ( a t s o C n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i n a it il e n e p a d a p n a d , ) 6 0 0 2 ( Handoko , Adiatro dan Anggono (2003) . i g o l o i b o n k e T Vo.lI INo.1 :9 – 15 7 8 0 2 : N S S I - 5428 3 1 . n a i c u c n e P s a ti v it k e f E a r a t n a n a g n i d n a b r e p n a k a p u r e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d m u l e b e s s k u lf n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E . n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d h a l e t e s a y n t a k g n i n e m n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m g n u r e d n e c i s a m r o f n i n a k ij a y n e m 6 r a b m a G . n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t . H O a N n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e . 6 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucian Menggunakan NaOH . n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h r e T a d a p N 1 , 0 H O a N n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a d a p k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt c n a d % 9 5 , 4 1 i a p a c n e m r a b endrung meningka t pada i s a rt n e s n o k n a t a k g n i n e p k u t n u a m a s g n a y n a n a k e t i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p n a k g n a d e S . % 6 2 , 6 3 i a p a c n e m s a ti v it k e f e n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t n a t a k g n i n e p a d a p , a m a s g n a y n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i l a H . % 6 8 , 8 2 i a p a c n e m s a ti v it k e f e O N H n a a n u g g n e p 3sebaga ibahanpencuci( chemica lagen t g n i n a e l c ) . Efekitvtia s pencucian menggunakan HNO3 . 7 r a b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d . 7 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucian Menggunakan HNO3 . n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h r e T O N H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E 30,1Npada 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a d a p k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt a d a p n u r u n e m a y n t u j n a l e s i s a k i d n I . % 5 5 , 7 i a p a c n e m r a b i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p n a k u k a lr e p n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a k ij t a k g n i n e m n a k a a y n t u j n a l e s r a b 5 8 , 0 r a s e b e s k a y n i m ti d i c u c n e p n a h a b i s a rt n e s n o k ingkatkan . Efekitvtia s . % 1 2 , 2 1 i a p a c n e m n a k i s a k i d n ii d i g g n it r e t n a i c u c n e p i a g a b e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e , n u m a N a d e b r e b g n a y i s a k i d n i n a k u j n u n e m i c u c n e p n a h a b O N H n a d H O a N n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d 3 . Gamba r 8 u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p i s a m r o f n i n a k ij a y n e m nakanHCl . . 8 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucianMenggunakanHC lTer -. n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h n a h a b i a g a b e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p i n k a y % 1 6 , 6 2 i a p a c n e m i g g n it r e t i c u c n e p n a n a k e tr e b k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt s e s r o p k u t n u N 1 1,35 r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t i s i d n o k a d a p , n u m a N . r a b s a ti v it k e f e n a k u j n u n e m i s a rt n e s n o k n a h a b u r e p k u t n u n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e , n a k g n a d e S . a m a s r i p m a h n a i c u c n e p n a n a k e t n a t a k g n i n e p n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m n a k a . n a r b m e m s n a rt s i d n o k , n a h u r u l e s e k a r a c e S iefekitvtia spencucianyang i s a rt n e s n o k i s i d n o k a d a p i n k a y % 7 1 , 7 3 i a p a c n e m i g g n it r e t n a n a k e tr e b k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt a d a p N 1 n a i c u c n e p a i m i k n a h a b n a a n u g g n e p a k i J . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt a t a ri d -ratakan pada masing-masing kondis ioperas imaka n i d n a b r e p gannya mengindikasikan penggunaan basa m a s A i l a k l A n a a n u g g n e p a d a p ir a d k i a b h i b e l ) H O a N ( O N H n a d l C H ( 3)( DatadisaijkanpadaGamba r9.) . 9 r a b m a G PerbandinganEfekitvtia sRata-rataPencucian g n i s a M a d a P -masing Chemica lAgen tYang . n a k a n u g i D s a ti v it k e f E pencucian rata-rataNaOH mencapa i29,82 a k ij % 0 4 , 6 1 a g g n i h n u r u n e m s a ti v it k e f e n u m a n % O N H n a k g n a d e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m 38,80% .Capaiandata k r a P , ) 6 0 0 2 ( a t s o C n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i n a it il e n e p a d a p n a d , ) 6 0 0 2 ( Handoko , Adiatro dan Anggono (2003) . i g o l o i b o n k e T Vo.lI INo.1 :9 – 15 7 8 0 2 : N S S I - 5428 3 1 . n a i c u c n e P s a ti v it k e f E a r a t n a n a g n i d n a b r e p n a k a p u r e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d m u l e b e s s k u lf n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E . n a i c u c n e p n a k u k a li d h a l e t e s a y n t a k g n i n e m n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m g n u r e d n e c i s a m r o f n i n a k ij a y n e m 6 r a b m a G . n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t . H O a N n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e . 6 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucian Menggunakan NaOH . n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h r e T a d a p N 1 , 0 H O a N n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a d a p k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt c n a d % 9 5 , 4 1 i a p a c n e m r a b endrung meningka t pada i s a rt n e s n o k n a t a k g n i n e p k u t n u a m a s g n a y n a n a k e t i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p n a k g n a d e S . % 6 2 , 6 3 i a p a c n e m s a ti v it k e f e n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t n a t a k g n i n e p a d a p , a m a s g n a y n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i l a H . % 6 8 , 8 2 i a p a c n e m s a ti v it k e f e O N H n a a n u g g n e p 3sebaga ibahanpencuci( chemica lagen t g n i n a e l c ) . Efekitvtia s pencucian menggunakan HNO3 . 7 r a b m a G a d a p n a k ij a s i d . 7 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucian Menggunakan HNO3 . n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h r e T O N H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E 30,1Npada 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a d a p k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt a d a p n u r u n e m a y n t u j n a l e s i s a k i d n I . % 5 5 , 7 i a p a c n e m r a b i s l u m e n a h a s i m e p n a k u k a lr e p n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t a k ij t a k g n i n e m n a k a a y n t u j n a l e s r a b 5 8 , 0 r a s e b e s k a y n i m ti d i c u c n e p n a h a b i s a rt n e s n o k ingkatkan . Efekitvtia s . % 1 2 , 2 1 i a p a c n e m n a k i s a k i d n ii d i g g n it r e t n a i c u c n e p i a g a b e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f e , n u m a N a d e b r e b g n a y i s a k i d n i n a k u j n u n e m i c u c n e p n a h a b O N H n a d H O a N n a g n e d n a k g n i d n a b i d 3 . Gamba r 8 u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p i s a m r o f n i n a k ij a y n e m nakanHCl . . 8 r a b m a G Efekitvtia sPencucianMenggunakanHC lTer -. n a r b e m s n a r T n a n a k e T p a d a h n a h a b i a g a b e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m n a i c u c n e p s a ti v it k e f E i s a rt n e s n o k a d a p i n k a y % 1 6 , 6 2 i a p a c n e m i g g n it r e t i c u c n e p n a n a k e tr e b k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt s e s r o p k u t n u N 1 1,35 r a b 5 4 , 0 n a r b m e m s n a rt n a n a k e t i s i d n o k a d a p , n u m a N . r a b s a ti v it k e f e n a k u j n u n e m i s a rt n e s n o k n a h a b u r e p k u t n u n a i c u c n e p i s n e i s if e , n a k g n a d e S . a m a s r i p m a h n a i c u c n e p n a n a k e t n a t a k g n i n e p n a g n e d g n ir i e s t a k g n i n e m n a k a . n a r b m e m s n a rt s i d n o k , n a h u r u l e s e k a r a c e S iefekitvtia spencucianyang i s a rt n e s n o k i s i d n o k a d a p i n k a y % 7 1 , 7 3 i a p a c n e m i g g n it r e t n a n a k e tr e b k a y n i m i s l u m e t n e m t a e rt a d a p N 1 n a i c u c n e p a i m i k n a h a b n a a n u g g n e p a k i J . r a b 5 3 , 1 n a r b m e m s n a rt a t a ri d -ratakan pada masing-masing kondis ioperas imaka n i d n a b r e p gannya mengindikasikan penggunaan basa m a s A i l a k l A n a a n u g g n e p a d a p ir a d k i a b h i b e l ) H O a N ( O N H n a d l C H ( 3)( DatadisaijkanpadaGamba r9.) . 9 r a b m a G PerbandinganEfekitvtia sRata-rataPencucian g n i s a M a d a P -masing Chemica lAgen tYang . n a k a n u g i D s a ti v it k e f E pencucian rata-rata NaOH mencapa i29,82 a k ij % 0 4 , 6 1 a g g n i h n u r u n e m s a ti v it k e f e n u m a n % O N H n a k g n a d e s l C H n a k a n u g g n e m 38,80% .Capaiandata k r a P , ) 6 0 0 2 ( a t s o C n a g n e d a d e b r e b i n i n a it il e n e p a d a p n a d , ) 6 0 0 2 ( Handoko , Adiatro dan Anggono (2003) .
