A MAIN CHARACTER’S DESIRE IN KATE CHOPIN’S
THE AWAKENING
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree
of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic
University of Sunan Ampel
By:
Chilmiatul Ilmiah
Reg. Number: A73212095
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
ABSTRACT
Ilmiah, Chilmiatul. 2016. A Main Character’s Desire In Kate Chopin’s The
Awakening. Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, The State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
The Advisor : Abu Fanani, M.Pd.
Key Words : Character, Desire
This thesis tries to analyze Kate Chopin’s novel entitled The Awakening. This novel tells about Edna’s desire. Edna is a wife and a
mother for her family. Edna little bit understand about Creole’s culture in
her new environment. Creole is warm cultureand easy going.Edna fall in
love to another man and Edna feel anxious to face that statement. Edna
though how the way becomes a free woman. This research focuses on analyzing Edna’s desire to reach her identity. Then, by focusing to the problem above this thesis uses psychoanalysis approach. She decision to
commits suicide. Whereas, the new criticism theory is involved in this
ABSTRAKSI
Ilmiah, Chilmiatul. 2016. Karakter utama mengenai keinginannya pada The
Awakening oleh Kate Chopin. Skripsi. Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra dan
Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Dosen Pembimbing: Abu Fanani, M. Pd
Kata Kunci : Karakter, Keinginan
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa karya Kate Chopin yang
berjudul The Awakening. Novel ini mengisahkan tentang keinginan seorang
Edna. Edna adalah seorang istri dan seorang seorang ibu dalam keluarganya.
Edna sedikit memahami tentang budaya Creole yang ada di lingkungan
barunya. Creole ialah budaya panas dan mudah. Edna jatuh cinta pada lelaki
lain dan Edna merasa cemas untuk menghadapi masalah itu. Edna berpikir
untuk menjadi wanita yang terbebas. Penelitian ini fokus pada Edna dalam
keinginannya untuk mencari identitas. Kemudian, dengan fokus pada masalah
di atas skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalisis. Dia memutuskan
untuk melakukan bunuh diri. Sedangkan, pada teori new criticism
CHAPTER I
1.1. Background of Study
Literary work is an object which is used to express, to inspire, and to
entertain some human’s thoughts. There is definition from literature experts,
Wellek and Warren said that literature is a creative activity, usually on the art (1).
The word ‘literature’ and ‘literary’ have also changed their meaning over time.
Before about 1800 literature meant all kinds of writing, including history and
philosophy, and it is possible to trace the gradual shifts in meaning all the way up
to present. In addition literature is what a given society at a given time considers it
to be (Carter 17). Most literature is fiction but most people would also agree that
not all fiction (eg comic books, nursery rhymes etc) is literary. On the other hand
travel journals (presumably non-fiction) are considered by many to be literature
(Carter 17).
Fiction is any literary narrative whether in prose or verse, which is
invented instead of being an account of events that in fact happened. . In a
narrower sense, however, fiction denotes only narratives that are written in prose
(the novel and short story), and sometimes is used simply as a synonym for the
novel (Abrams 94).
According to Kennedy and Gioia report that two works have dominated
modern literary fiction in English: the novel and short story (4). The term "novel"
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narrative, the novel is distinguished from the short story and from the work of
middle length called the novelette; its magnitude permits a greater variety of
characters, greater complication of plot (or plots), ampler development of milieu,
and more sustained exploration of character and motives than do the shorter, more
concentrated modes (Abrams 190).
Little said that a novel constructs a theme, a novel carves out a plot, novels
are much concerned with characters; the people involved in the novel, a novel will
show realism of “backgroundand atmosphere”, a good novel will also be an
imaginative work of art (101-102). Then, the novel consists of a theme, plot,
characters and other elements that make the story looks real, it is called best
novel. Novel has some significance. Some of the important points are the
characters and characterization. Based on Abrams,Characters are the persons
represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as
being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by
inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it ‘the
dialogue’ and from what they do ‘the action’ (32-33).
Meanwhile, characterization is the creations of character of imaginary
persons so that they exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction
(Holman 75). So, between character and characterization, there is a close-relation.
Characterization is the way a writer describes character. And character is a person
in the story. Character is one significant to analyze in literary work such as a
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The interesting novel in for about twenty century is The Awakening that is
written by Kate Chopin. Kate Chopin is an author from American country. She
wrote her literary work in 19th century. According to Metzger said that the late
nineteenth century saw the emergence of New Women writers who spoke for
what was then labeled the New Woman. The readers of their books were women
who were demanding access to higher education, career opportunities, and
political and social freedom. Women wanted access to the literary and art worlds,
which had been previously dominated by men. Instead of being the objects of art
and literature, women wanted to be the creators, and they wanted their creations to
depict their concerns. Widowed and unmarried women began living on their own
not with their families. These women were interested in a life that did not center
on husbands and children. Although Chopin had been happily married prior to
being widowed, and even though she was happily a mother, she saw herself as one
of these New Women. She was interested in more basic choices, such as whether
a woman must marry, whether she could choose not to be a mother, or whether
she could choose to support herself (7).
Kate Chopin has written some literary works, such as: short story, novel,
and essays. Her most popular novel at that time is The Awakening. It was
published after At Fault, in 1899. Her other literary works are: A Night in Acadia
in 1899 and Bayou Folk in 1894. This novel embodies many of the themes that are
interesting to the New Women, such as; women’s creativity, marriage,
motherhood, and a woman’s place in society. There is a similar response from
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The Awakening novel has described about “Creole”. The Creole culture in New
Orleans offers a set of traditions, costumes, and morals that are unique to the place
and time. In the novel, the Creole society is warm and easygoing, but women’s
roles are rigidly defined within the New Orleans social construct (Metzger: 8).
Edna as a main character a little bit understands the way of New Orleans society
for herself and her family.
This novel tells of a woman who is isolated in her marriage. The story
happens in two places, the New Orleans and Grand Isle. But it begins in the
seaside town of Grand Isle. A family Pontellier on vacation there, they consist of
Edna, Leonce and their two children named Raoul and Etienne. One day, Leonce
have to leave his family to business for a few weeks. Edna is left to spend her
days with another vacationer, Madame Ratignolle who offer Edna friendship. The
two women spend many of their days together, with Robert too. Then, Edna falls
in love with Robert because often spend their time together when her husband has
a business. Edna’s behavior has changed. She began to feel wavering herself with
the situation. Although Edna has stayed with her family in New Orleans, her mind
is still in Grand Isle.
In addition, she wants to express her desire with doing something wrong in
her life. Although she has a husband and two children, she was unconscious that
case is a strange way in the women role and she has a little bit understands to
resolve her problem after everything happen in the past time of her life. After her
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From the previous description, the researcher is interested in analyzing the main
character’s desire because Edna as main character was confused to face the new
environment which makes her behavior changing to her family.
The main character in The Awakening was getting a problem to assert her
desire in the right way or in the wrong way. She was confused in her life to be
good mother and good wife. According to Edna’s problem, the researcher has
been interested in analyzing the story using psychology approach related to her
desire which influence to her family.
1.2. Statement of Problem
Based on the previous description, the researcher found out the problem
those are formulated in this research:
1.2.1 How is Edna characterized in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening?
1.2.2 What are Edna’s desire on her life and her family in Kate Chopin’s The
Awakening?
1.3. Objective of Study
From the following questions state, this study to aims at:
1.3.1 To understand Edna characterized in Kate Chopin’s
The Awakening.
1.3.2 To explain Edna’s desire on her life and her family in Kate Chopin’s The
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1.4. Scope and Limitation
The scope and limitation of this research, especially in analysis The
Awakening’s novel, the researcher focuses on the main character and it enriches to
be interesting to find out the happening in the story. It is based on the
characterization of Edna in the novel. The researcher describes the influence of
Edna’s desire and to know her problem.
1.5. Significance of the Study
The significances of study in this research are divided into two parts;
theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the researcher hopes that it enriches
the reader development of knowledge in the literary theory that is related to
character. By reading the thesis, the writer expects that readers understand more
about the ‘characterization of main character desire in Kate Chopin’s The
Awakening’. The character of Edna as a main character was bewildered for her
fell around her family. She was fall in love to another boy when she to leave her
husband business in Grand Isle, a vacation place Edna’s family in the past time.
Her unconscious into new place and new environment was made not good enough
for herself and her family.
Then practically, this study hopefully can give useful contribution for the
readers in understanding the content of desire. Also, the researcher hopes that this
research can be useful reference for other researchers who are interested in
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1.6. Research Method
In order to analyze the topic, the researcher uses a method. The researcher
elects the descriptive analytic method and the way that the researcher used by
library based. The writer uses some books including the novel itself as the primary
sources and reads information of some internet sources and other sources such as
magazine and journal that aid this study to increase the knowledge. In presenting
the analysis, it mainly use descriptive analysis method. The researcher following
steps:
1. Reading the novel to catch the complete and well understanding on the
whole story
2. Finding the data in novel to find out the word which is related to the
problem of the study
3. Selecting and accumulating the data in form of narration from the novel
that related to the problem
4. Analyzing to the data collected by firstly categorizing them in two points,
dealing with two points of the statement problems. Then, each point is analyzed
using the theory, which refers to the object of the study.
5. Making conclusion based on the result of data analysis
1.7. Organization of Study
This study will be divided into four chapters. The first chapter is
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statement of problem, objective of the study, scope and limitation, significant of
study and method of study.
In the second chapter is theoretical framework description theory that is used in
this research. This chapter also describes about previous research from thesis,
journal or book review.
The third chapter is an analysis from the research. This study discusses about
problem that is wanted to the research based on the researcher. It must show
which part can answer research problem and conclude the result of this research.
The fourth is conclusion, the explanation about all the point of the thesis to
conclude all the chapters.
1.8. Definition of Key Term
There are several definition of key term of a few books that related to this
study:
Character : A person represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who
is interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual,
and emotional qualities by inferences from what the person say and she/he
distinctive ways of saying it ‘the dialogue’ and from what she/hedo ‘the action’
Ilmiah 9
Characterization : The author’s creation of imaginary persons which
exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction (Holman 75)
Desire : A statement that can move us to action, give us urges,
incline us to joy at their satisfaction, and incline us to sorrow at their frustration
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Theoretical Framework
In this chapter, the research needs to be supported by relevant theories.
The emphasizing thoeries of this research are new criticism to understand the
character and characterization. The second theory, psychological approach and the
concept of desire. These theories are used for analyzing Edna as a main character.
For those aim, this chapter will discuss all those theories:
2.1.1 New Criticism theory
In a literary criticism, a theory is the specific manner, approach, or view
point a critic or reader has stalked out from which the reader of literary work
enterpretes, analyzes and evaluated work of literature, and often the work
(Gillespie 3). It means, theory and literary criticism are correlate. Literary
criticism is an object of theory manner.
According to Kennedy and Gioia, literary criticism that tries to formulate
general principles rather than discuss specific texts (1480). In other hand, literary
criticism is the discipline of interpreting, analyzing and evaluating work of
literature. Literature is most commonly defined as works of writing that have
lasted over the years because they deal with ideas of timeless and universal
Ilmiah 11
literary criticism is a study of interpreting, analyzing and evaluating to formulate
general principle of literary work.
The history of New Criticism theory. It is one of the features in literary
criticism. American New Criticism, which was active from the late 1930s to the
late 1950s, also took on most of the ideas of literary experts (Eliot and Richards),
as well as those Empson. The movement had its roots in the American South,
which had long been backward economically, but was then undergoing rapid
modernisation (Carter 26).
Formalism, sometimes called New Criticism (even though it has been
around a long time), involves the careful analysis of a literary text’s craft.
Ignoring any historical context, any biographical information about an author, any
philosophical issues, or even any of a text’s political or moral message (Gillespie
172). In short, new criticism and formalism is same object but it has different time
appear.
The New Critics asserted that everything off the page is irrelevant,
dismissing psychology, philosophy, history, biography, and many other avenues
of possible literary discussion inquiry (Gillespie 173). New criticism concentrated
on paradoxes, and ambivalence which could be established in the text. It clearly
focused predominantly on poetry one writer, Mark Schorer, extented its main
precepts to include analysis ofprose fiction (Carter 27-28). In this point said that
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In addition, New Criticism theory or formalism theory is a study which
discipline of interpreting, analyzing and evaluating or focus on critical notice and
it has clarify everything off the page in literary work.
2.1.2 Character
Character is an important element to build the story in literary work. To
know the way of the story, the reader usually focuss into main character.
According to Bennet and Royle, character is the life of literature. It has
relationship with human intensely. It is because they are as object of human
curiosity and fascination, affection, and dislike, admiration and condemnation.
Moreover through the power of identification, through sympathy and antipathy,
character can become part of how people conceive their selves, a part of who they
are. Then, it can say that character are like ‘real’ people (60).
Another description from Nurgiyantoro, characters are divided into some
types. Based on its significance role in developing a story, characters are
separated into major and minor characters. Major or main character refers to a
character which appears in almost all or totally in the whole story. He or she is a
character which is mostly told and always relates to other characters. Meanwhile,
minor character is a character which appears only in some parts of the whole story
and he or she is told less than the major character. Minor characters may exist just
when they are having correlation with the major characters (176-177).
From the previous description, characters in literary work especially novel
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protagonist and antagonist. Another explanation said that Protagonist is the central
person in a in a story, and is often referred to as the story's main character. He or
she (or they) is faced with a conflict that must be resolved. The protagonist may
not always be admirable (e.g. an anti-hero); nevertheless s/he must command
involvement on the part of the reader, or better yet, empathy. Whereas, the
antagonist is the character(s) (or situation) that represents the opposition against
which the protagonist must contend. In other words, the antagonist is an obstacle
that the protagonist must overcome. (http://learn.lexiconic.net/characters.htm)
Then, character is a doer in the literary work (novel, short story, novelette,
and also drama). A character in fiction is created by the author, although it could
be described as a human being in the real world. In the literary work, it should be
lifelikeness (Sayuti 68)
2.1.3 Characterization
According to expert of literature, Holman said that in a fiction (the drama,
the novel, the short story, and the narrative poem), the author reveals the
characters of imaginary persons. The creation of these imaginary persons so that
they exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction is called
characterization. The ability to characterize the people of one’s imagination
successfully is a primary attribute of a good novelist, dramatist, or short story
writer (75).
There are two ways that an author usually uses. Those are direct and
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directly about the character. Whereas, indirect manner of characterization the
author does not merely tell the characters but shows them to the readers through
how the character looks, what the character does, what the character says, what
the character think, and how the character affects other characters (Baldick 37)
From the previous description, characterization as the significant point in
the literary work to built the way of the story and to make the reader more
understand how the story interest to read. There are two features of
characterization are direct and indirect.
2.1.4 Psychoanalysis theory
Psychoanalysis theory has related to Psychology of human. Psychology is
the endlessly fascinating science of human mind and behavior, and it can be a
rewarding tool for enhancing our understanding and appreciation of literature and
of ourselves (Gillespie 43).
In Jungian Psychology is what he called ‘individuation’, a process by
which the individual is helped to harmonise his orher ‘persona’ (the self as
presented to the world) and ‘the shadow’ (the darker potentially dangerous side of
the personality that exists in the personal unconscious) (Carter 80).
Psychoanalysis is one of branches from psychology study.
In the Sigmund Freud’s book The Corner Stones of Psychoanalytic
Theory, Psychoanalysis assumption that there are unconscious mental processes,
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importance of sexuality and the Oedipus complex these constitute the principal
subject-matter of psychoanalysis and the foundations of its theory (qtd.Carter 70).
According to Freudian slips, psychoanalysis is through close study of mentally
disturbed patient and their symptoms he discovered that knowledge of the
unconcious was accessible through analysis of dreams, symptomatic nervous
behaviour and parapraxes. In other hand, the conscious mind cannot cope with
some of the unsavoury truths buried in the unconscious and, when they threaten to
surface, represses them attempting in practice to deny their reality. Freud called
neourosis, involving compulsive behaviour and obsessive modes of thinking
(Carter 71).
Furthermore, Psyhoanalysis is a theory that people should be illustrated by
making conscious their unconscious thought and motivations, then obtaining
knowledge. It used to treat depression and anxiety disorder.
2.1.5 The Concept of Desire
Desiring has a two-part structure. For every desire, there is the content of
that desire and the attitude of desiring it. Based on Schroeder, Desires are
generally distinguished into three varieties: intrinsic, realizer, and instrumental
desires (2). There are:
(1) If one desires something as a means to some other end, then one desires it
instrumentally.
(2) If one desires something because one sees that it realizes some other
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(3) If one desires something not merely as a means or as a realization of
another end, but at least in part for its own sake, then one desires it
intrinsically.
Between desire and behavior is what makes desires what they are.
In Language,Thought, and Other Biological Categories, Ruth Millikan draws
upon evolutionary biology rather than behaviorism for support. On her view, and
simplifying slightly, to desire that P is to have a brain state that other brain states
are supposed to respond to by causing the organism to bring it about that P
(99). Desires are powerful explainers of everything we associate with desiring.
The advantage is desires are, in principle, independent of motivation, independent
of good and bad feelings, independent of where one’s attention turns or what
habits one develops. Desires are independent of all these things in principle, but
causally connected to them in fact, and so can explain all of these
things(Schroeder 7). Hence, Desire is a particular state of mind.
There is a corresponding disadvantage to the approach, a desire that does
not have any of the effects that we most commonly associate with desiring. That
is, there could be a desire that does not motivate action, does not cause feelings of
joy or sorrow, and so on. Because these are all effects of desires, if the
reward-based learning theory of desire were correct, a desire could in principle exist
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2.2 Previous Studies
As far as the researcher concerns, the researcher founded some researchers
that have connection with the topic. The researcher finds out three researchers that
has correlation with the topic.
Firstly, Miftahur Rofiah (2012). A student in the State University of
Malang and the thesis’s title is Comparing the Women in Madame Bovary and
The Awakening. In her thesis, she described about female characters between two
novel in nineteenth century France and America.
Secondly, Ulfatul Khadroh (2014). A student in the State Islamic
University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and the thesis’s title is Women in Conflicts
as Potrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Kate Chopin’s The
Awakening. In her thesis, she explained about main character’s conflicts based on
the Freudian Psychoanalysis or Sigmund Freud and the resolution to face conflict.
After the previous explanations, the researcher knows that between the
previous studies and writer’s analysis has similarities both of them about main
character in the psychological theory. Whereas, both of them also have some
differences about the object, theorist, and the characterization of the main
CHAPTERIII
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the researcher divides the discussion into two parts. The first
part, the researcher will analyze Edna through her characterization. The second
part, the analysis will be about what the effects in Edna’s desire and how the way
to reach her identity.
3.1. Edna’s Character and Characterization
In this novel the narrator tells the story that began in Grand Isle, a vacation
place of Pontellier family. It consists of Leonce Pontellier, Edna Pontellier and
their two children (Raoul and Etienne Pontellier). They stay in the Madame
Lebrun’s cottage. Edna is Leonce’s wife. In the morning, Leonce leaves her wife
for a business in the city for weeks. Then, Edna spends her days with another
vacationer who offers her friendship, Madame Ratignolle. They were spending
their days together with Madame Lebrun’s son, Robert Lebrun. He is a young
man. One day, they were playing together in the beach but Edna did not want to
join them.
She is anxious women. At the first time she did not want to play in the beach.
Until she makes a reason to her friend that she was tired. Suddenly, she changes
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“Are you going bathing?” asked Robert of Mrs. Pontellier. It was not so much a question as a reminder.
“Oh, no,” she answered, with a tone of indecision.
“I’mtired; I think not.” Her glance wandered from his face away toward the Gulf, whose sonorous murmur reached her like a loving but imperative entreaty.
“Oh, come!” he insisted. “You mustn’t miss your bath. Come on. The
water must be delicious; it will not hurt you. Come.”He reached up for her
big, rough straw hat that hung on a peg outside the door, and put it on her head.
They descended the steps, and walked away together toward the beach. The sun was low in the west and the breeze was soft and warm. (Ch. 5)
She feels confuse for her own individuality, after it happen and she begun
feel uncomfortable with Robert’s attention. This condition is strange to
understand and make unpredictable thought for her-self. It can be seen from the
quotation below:
At that early period it served but to bewilder her. It moved her to dreams, to thoughtfulness, to the shadowy anguish which had overcome her the midnight when she had abandoned herself to tears.
In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her.
This may seem like a ponderous weight of wisdom to descend upon the soul of a young woman of twenty eight perhaps more wisdom than the Holy Ghost is usually pleased to vouchsafe to any woman. (Ch. 6)
She is unconfident woman. Her subtle and appearance was change, and the
most obvious to influence by her new friend, Adele Ratignolle. It is according to
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Mrs. Pontellier was not a woman given to confidences, a characteristic hitherto contrary to her nature.
Even as a child she had lived her own small life all within herself. (Ch. 7)
Another description the author illustrates that Creole is a person descended
from the original French settlers of Lousiana, especially of the New Orleans area
of Creole is an statement or Edna’s argument, it can be seen from the quotation
below:
Mrs. Pontellier, though she had married a Creole, was not thoroughly at home in the society of Creoles; never before
had she been thrown so intimately among them. Therewere only Creoles
that summer at Lebrun’s. They all knew
each other, and felt like one large family, among whom existed the most amicable relations. A characteristic which distinguished them and which impressed Mrs. Pontellier most forcibly was their entire absence of prudery. Their freedom of expression was at first incomprehensible to her, though she had no difficulty in reconciling it with a lofty chastity which in the Creole woman seems to be inborn and unmistakable. (Ch. 4)
Her confident appear, Edna is younger than before coming to Grand Isle
although she has two children. She was influenced by her friend and her
environment. The culture is Creole, it has been described in the Chapter 1 that
Creole’s culture is a warm culture. the Creole society is warm and easygoing, but
women’s roles are rigidly defined within the New Orleans social construct. In the
Creole tradition, married women can engage in frank sexual discussions, but
every woman’s actions are as rigidly controlled as they are in any other area of the
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That summer at Grand Isle she began to loosen a little the mantle of reserve that had always enveloped her. There may have been there must have been influences, both subtle and apparent, working in their several ways to induce her to do this; but the most obvious was the influence of Adèle Ratignolle.
The excessive physical charm of the Creole had first attracted her, for Edna had a sensuous susceptibility to beauty.
Then the candor of the woman’s whole existence, which every one might read, and which formed so striking a contrast to her own habitual reserve this might have furnished a link.
Who can tell what metals the gods use in forging the subtle bond which we call sympathy, which we might as well call love. (Ch. 7)
From the quotation above, Edna did not understand all about Creole, but
she feel so confident and more confident to use that statement. She is a new
person who has a vacation and stay in Grand Isle. Her behaviour as young women
is more beautifull and attractive. She is forgetting her family for a moment.
“Are you asleep?” he asked, bending down close to look at her.
“No.” Her eyes gleamed bright and intense, with no sleepy shadows, as they looked into his.
“Do you know it is past one o’clock? Come on,” and he mounted the steps and went into their room.
“Edna!” called Mr. Pontellier from within, after a few moments had gone by.
“Don’t wait for me,” she answered. He thrust his head through the door. “You will take cold out there,” he said, irritably.
“What folly is this? Why don’t you come in?” “It isn’t cold; I have my shawl.”
“The mosquitoes will devour you.” “There are no mosquitoes.”
She heard him moving about the room; every sound indi-cating impatience and irritation. Another time she would
have gone in at his request. She would, through habit, have yielded to his desire; not with any sense of submission or obedience to his compelling wishes, but unthinkingly, as we walk, move, sit, stand, go through the daily treadmill of the life which has been portioned out to us.
“Edna, dear, are you not coming in soon?” he asked again,
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From the quotation above, Edna is stubborn wife. Leonce as her husband
was very attentive to his wife’s health, althought he felt tired after going home
from his bussines. She was sleep outside of cottage and to ask her husband for
sleep in the room. Edna ignore his suggestion despite his husband not give permit
her to do it.
Edna looked straight before her with a self-absorbed expression upon her face. She felt no interest in anything about her. The street, the children, the fruit vender, the flowers growing there under her eyes, were all part and parcel of an alien world which had suddenly become antagonistic. (Ch. 18)
According to the quotation above, she begun to feel bored for her
condition. She likes wondering, anything around her become antagonistic thing in
her imagination.
Edna felt depressed rather than soothed after leaving them. The little glimpse of domestic harmony which had been offered her, gave her no regret, no longing. It was not a con- dition of life which fitted her, and she could see in it but an appalling and hopeless ennui. (Ch. 18)
From the quotation above, the author describes that Edna feels depressed.
Because everything has been over when Robert leaves to business in Mexico
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value that a person called success. It is the reason for Robert to earn money in
another country.
Edna could not help but think that it was very foolish, very childish, to have stamped upon her wedding ring and smashed the crystal vase upon the tiles. She was visited by no more outbursts, moving her to such futile expedients. She began to do as she liked and to feel as she liked. She completely abandoned her Tuesdays at home, and did not return the visits of those who had called upon her. She made no ineffectual efforts to conduct her household en bonne ménagère , going and coming as it suited her fancy, and, so far as she was able, lending herself to any passing caprice. (Ch. 19)
Based on the quotation above, Edna become angry because she did not
meet Robert before his going to Mexico. She looks foolish and childish to face her
problem. Upon at that time,she want to be a free woman in her though.
“I feel like painting,“ answered Edna. “Perhaps I shan’t always feel like it.”
“Then in God’s name paint! but don’t let the family go to the devil. There’s Madame Ratignolle; because she keeps up her music, she doesn’t let everything else go to chaos. And she’s more of a musician than you are a painter.”
“She isn’t a musician, and I’m not a painter. It isn’t on account of painting that I let things go.”
“On account of what, then?”
“Oh! I don’t know. Let me alone; you bother me.”
It sometimes entered Mr. Pontellier’s mind to wonder if his
Ilmiah 24
Based on the quotation above, she try to entertaint herself with painting.
She painting without anybody else beside her.
There were days when she was very happy without know- ing why. She was happy to be alive and breathing, when her whole being seemed to be one with the sunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southern day. She liked then to wander alone into strange and unfamiliar places. She discovered many a sunny, sleepy corner, fashioned to dream in. And she found it good to dream and to be alone and unmolested.
There were days when she was unhappy, she did not know
why,—when it did not seem worth while to be glad or
sorry, to be alive or dead; when life appeared to her like a grotesque pandemonium and humanity like worms strug- gling blindly toward inevitable annihilation. She could not work on such a day, nor weave fancies to stir her pulses and warm her blood. (Ch. 19)
From the quotation above, the narrator tells Edna is unstable. Her mind
does not manage her though becoming good enough. She feels easy to change to
be happy and unhappy to accept anything condition in her life.
“Ah, Pontellier! Not sick, I hope. Come and have a seat. What news do you bring this morning?” He was quite portly, with a profusion of gray hair, and small blue eyes which age had robbed of much of their brightness but none of their penetration.
“Oh! I’m never sick, Doctor. You know that I come of
tough fiber—of that old Creole race of Pontelliers that
dry up and finally blow away. I came to consult—no, not
precisely to consult—to talk to you about Edna.
I don’tknow what ails her.” (Ch. 22)
Ilmiah 25
Before leaving Madame Ratignolle said:
“In some way you seem to me like a child, Edna. You seem to act without a certain amount of reflection
which is necessary in this life. That is the reason I want to say you
mustn’t mind if I advise you to be a little careful while you are living here alone. Why don’t you have some one come and stay with you? Wouldn’t Mademoiselle Reisz come?” “No; she wouldn’t wish tocome, and I shouldn’t want her always with me.”
“Well, the reason—you know how evil-minded the world
is—some one was talking of Alcée Arobin visiting you. Of
course, it wouldn’t matter if Mr. Arobin had not such a dreadful reputation. Monsieur Ratignolle was telling me that his attentions alone are considered enough to ruin a womans name.” (Ch. 33)
From the quotation above, Leonce goes to the house of his old friend
and family physician, Doctor Mandelet. He wants to consultation about his
wife. He looked at Edna’s strangeness and he assumed there is a trouble to
her wife. In that time, she has a little change her behavior to him and his
family especially to their children. She does not care enough to her
children and seldom ignore her husband to request to ask something.
Ilmiah 26
From the quotation above, Edna is silent. She seldom expressed her felling
to another. In this part Edna is always obedient to her father but she discover what
her fell or what she want to do anything else and never to says him.
Edna was not so consciously gratified at her husband’s leaving home as she had been over the departure of her father. As the day approached when he was to leave her for a comparatively long stay, she grew melting and affection- ate, remembering his many acts of consideration and his repeated expressions of an ardent attachment. She was solicitous about his health and his welfare. She bustled around, looking after his clothing, thinking about heavy underwear, quite as Madame Ratignolle would have done under similar circumstances. She cried when he went away, calling him her dear, good friend, and she was quite certain she would grow lonely before very long and go to join him in New York. (Ch. 24)
She feels alonely. Edna still did not understand about her condition and
she is gloomy to spend her time beside she leaved by her husband for a business
in long time. Also to leave her friend
She did not want them to be wholly “children of the pavement,” she always said when begging to have them for a space. She wished them to know the country, with its streams, its fields, its woods, its freedom, so delicious to the young. She wished them to taste something of the life their father had lived and known and loved when he, too, was a little child. (Ch. 24)
According to the quotation, she wants to be a free woman and a young
Ilmiah 27
arragement, and so on for doing something. When she want to do something not
to disturb her children.
She thought a little sentimentally about Léonce and the children, and wondered what they were doing. As she gave a dainty scrap or two to the doggie, she talked intimately to him about Etienne and Raoul. He was beside himself with astonishment and delight over these companionable advances, and showed his appreciation by his little quick, snappy barks and a lively agitation. (Ch. 24)
From the quotation above, Edna was sad. She feels homesick to her
children when she thought her changing behaviour to them.
“Will you go to the races again?” he asked.
“No,” she said. “I’ve had enough of the races. I don’t want to lose all the money I’ve won, and I’ve got to work when
the weather is bright, instead of—”
“Yes; work; to be sure. You promised to show me your work.
What morning may I come up to your atelier? To-morrow?”
“No!” “Day after?” “No, no.”
“Oh, please don’t refuse me! I know something of such
things. I might help you with a stray suggestion or two.”
“No. Good night. Why don’t you go after you have said good night? I don’t like you,” she went on in a high, excited pitch, attempting to draw away her hand. (Ch. 25)
From the quotation above, Edna is ignorant. She does not care something
that depend on her heart but depend on her mind.
I cannot judge of that myself, but I feel that
Ilmiah 28
I have sold a good many through Laidpore. I can live in the tiny house for little or nothing, with one servant. Old Celestine, who works occasionally for me, says she will come stay with me and do my work. I know I shall like it, like the feeling of freedom and independence.”
“What does your husband say?”
“I have not told him yet. I only thought of it this morning. He will think I am demented, no doubt. Perhaps you think so.”
Mademoiselle shook her head slowly. “Your reason is not yet clear to me,” she said.
Neither was it quite clear to Edna herself; but it unfolded itself as she sat for a while in silence. Instinct had prompted her to put away her husband’s bounty in casting off her allegiance. She did not know how it would be when he returned. (Ch. 26)
From the quotation above, she speaks to her friend about her feeling inside
her heart that she wants to be an independent women and free woman. She tells
not good enough to understand but she consider is clearly to understand. Her story
is so short and not all to describe it.
From the previous description above the researcher know about Edna
characterization which explained in The Awakening’s novel in this research. The
author has two kinds to explain the characters; it can be seen in the Chapter II
from an expert. In characterizing the characters, there are two ways that a narrator
usually uses. Those are direct and indirect characterization. Using direct manner
means that the narrator describes directly about the character. Whereas, indirect
manner of characterization the author does not merely tell the characters but
shows them to the readers through how the character looks, what the character
Ilmiah 29
are confuse, confident, stubborn wife, bored, depress, emotional, unstable,
uncommunicative, a lonely, and ignorant. First, she is confused because she feels
uncomfortable to her new condition and another boy who becomes Edna’s friend
after leaveing her husband trip for a business. Second, Edna is confident. Her
confident more grow up when she meet Adele Ratignolle to be her friend at Grand
Isle. Third, Edna is stubborn wife, it happens because she is sleeping in outside
and she does want to ask her husband to move in room until her husband do not
permit her to do it and her husband though is not good for her health. Fourth,
Edna is bored; she looked at her environment around her nothing understands
about her feeling as unpredictable condition.
Fifth, Edna is depress, the author direct to characterization that she gets
depressed. Sixth, she is emotional because she still does not share what she feels
in her heart and she bury herself. Seventh, Edna is unstable. She becomes easy to
manage her feeling that for a moment she can happy and suddenly she feels sad.
Eighth, Edna is uncommunicative. She can save everything in her heart without
being known another person. Ninth, Edna is a lonely because her husband leaves
her alone. The last, Edna is ignorant. She does not care about everything new
around her life.
3.2. Edna’s Desire on Her Life and Her Family
Edna little bit understands about her new environment in her vacation
Ilmiah 30
she is alone and she starts to find and spend her time with another vacationer. She
meets with Adele Ratignolle and Robert Lebrun. They always spend their time
together. One of them falls in love, Edna loves Robert although she has got
married and she has two children. She feels unconscious about it. It happens
because they always play together. She begins dilemma.
Edna Pontellier could not have told why, wishing to go to the beach with Robert, she should in the first place have declined, and in the second place have followed in obedi- ence to one of the two contradictory impulses which impelled her. (Ch. 6)
According to the quotation above, it is clear that Edna feels confused and
she does not understand what her feels.
Mr. Pontellier returned to his wife with the information that Raoul had a high fever and needed looking after.
Then he lit a cigar and went and sat near the open door to smoke it. Mrs. Pontellier was quite sure Raoul had no fever. He had
gone to bed perfectly well, she said, and nothing had ailed him all day. Mr. Pontellier was too well acquainted with fever symptoms to be mistaken. He assured her the child was consuming at that moment in the next room.
He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. (Ch. 2)
In this part, Edna does not care yet to her child condition. She ask her
husband to check up their child but she ignored it. She assumed that Raoul had
Ilmiah 31
They had never taken the form of struggles. They belonged to her and were her own, and she entertained the conviction that she had a right to them and that they concerned
no one but herself. Edna had once told Madame Ratignolle that she would never sacrifice herself for her children, or for any one. Then had followed a rather heated argument; the two women did not appear to understand each other or to be talking the same language. Edna tried to appease her friend, to explain.(Ch. 16)
She gives short answer when her husband asks something to her. It can be
seen in the following quotation:
“Tired out, Edna? Whom did you have? Many callers?” he asked. He tasted his soup and began to season it with
pepper, salt, vinegar, mustard—everything within reach.
“There were a good many,“ replied Edna, who was eating her soup with evident satisfaction. “I found their cards when I got home; I was out.”
“Out!” exclaimed her husband, with something like gen- uine consternation in his voice as he laid down the vinegar cruet and looked at her through his glasses. “Why, what could have taken you out on Tuesday? What did you have to do?”
“Nothing. I simply felt like going out, and I went out.” “Well, I hope you left some suitable excuse,” said her hus- band, somewhat appeased, as he added a dash of cayenne pepper to the soup.
“No, I left no excuse. I told Joe to say I was out, that was all.”
“Why, my dear, I should think you’d understand by this time that people don’t do such things; we’ve got to observe les convenances if we ever expect to get on and keep up with the procession. If you felt that you had to leave home this afternoon, you should have left some suitable explana- tion for your absence.(Ch. 17)
She feels shocked after a new person of her husband comes to her home. It is
Ilmiah 32
“Mercy!” exclaimed Edna, who had been fuming. “Why are you taking the thing so seriously and making such a fuss over it?”
“I’m not making any fuss over it. But it’s just such seeming trifles that we’ve got to take seriously; such things count.” The fish was scorched. Mr. Pontellier would not touch it. Edna said she did not mind a little scorched taste. The roast was in some way not to his fancy, and he did not like the manner in which the vegetables were served. (Ch. 17)
In the next time, Leonce and his friend have a discussion. They have plan for
dinner at the club. Before it, Leonce does not eaten a morsel and just taste of the
highly-seasoned soup made of Edna. She feels disappointed about it.
“Where are you going?“ asked Edna, seeing that her hus- band arose from table without having eaten a morsel except a taste of the highly-seasoned soup.
“I’m going to get my dinner at the club. Good night.” He went into the hall, took his hat and stick from the stand, and left the house.
She was somewhat familiar with such scenes. They had often made her very unhappy. On a few previous occasions she had been completely deprived of any desire to finish her dinner. Sometimes she had gone into the kitchen to administer a tardy rebuke to the cook. Once she went to her room and studied the cookbook during an entire
evening, finally writing out a menu for the week, which left her harassed with a feeling that, after all, she had accom- plished no good that was worth the name.
But that evening Edna finished her dinner alone, with forced deliberation. Her face was flushed and her eyes flamed with some inward fire that lighted them. After fin- ishing her dinner she went to her room, having instructed
the boy to tell any other callers that she was indisposed. (Ch. 17)
Ilmiah 33
“I hardly think we need new fixtures, Léonce. Don’t let us get anything new; you are too extravagant. I don’t believe you ever think of saving or putting by.”
“The way to become rich is to make money, my dear Edna, not to save it,“ he said. He regretted that she did not feel inclined to go with him and select new fixtures. He kissed her good-by, and told her she was not looking well and must take care of herself.
She was unusually pale and very quiet. (Ch. 18)
Here, Edna wants to share her feeling to Madame Ratignolle, a new friend
in Grand Isle who always spends their time together for vacation.
“I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn’t give myself. I can’t make it more clear; it’s only something which I am beginning to comprehend, which is revealing itself to me.”
“I don’t know what you would call the essential, or what you mean by the unessential,” said Madame Ratignolle, cheerfully; “but a woman who would give her life
for her children could do no more than that your Bible tells you so. I’m sure I couldn’t do more than that.” (Ch. 16)
She easy to fall in love. She has gloomy when she thinks about her
souls (Her husband, Robert, and Arobin). Her husband’s reproach and
Robert’s reproach is so differently. Now, she though of Arobin. It can to
know from the quotation below:
Ilmiah 34
vided for her external existence. There was Robert’s reproach making itself felt by a quicker, fiercer, more overpowering love, which had awakened within her toward him.
Above all,there was understanding. She felt as if a mist had been lifted
from her eyes, enabling her to took upon and comprehend the significance of life, that monster made up of beauty and
brutality. But among the conflicting sensations which assailedher, there was neither shame nor remorse. (Ch.28)
Edna argues that she belongs only to herself, not other. Although to her
children, Etienne and Raoul Pontellier. It looks a woman who want to get a
freedom. Another description from this statement.
“At any time... any time of the day or night, dear,” Edna assured her.
Before leaving Madame Ratignolle said:
“In some way you seem to me like a child, Edna. You seem to act without a certain amount of reflection which is nec- essary in this life. That is the reason I want to say you mustn’t mind if I advise you to be a little careful while you are living here alone. Why don’t you have some one come
and stay with you? Wouldn’t Mademoiselle Reisz come?”
“No; she wouldn’t wish to come, and I shouldn’t want her always with me.” (Ch. 33)
Her friend realizes and explains to her that her behavior has changed; it
looks as a child because she does what based on herself without thinking twice. It
is true or not. At the first time, Edna is well, but the strange attitude because she
meets Robert. She falls in love to him although she has a family (husband and
children). Suddenly, Robert was gone to business in Mexico and leaves her. Her
Ilmiah 35
The way to express her desire is wrong. Edna does not think logically, she
a little bit understands about her position and her feeling. She is difficult to
manage both of them.
She did not mean her husband; she was thinking of Robert Lebrun. Her husband seemed to her now like a person whom she had married without love as an excuse. (Ch. 25)
Edna cried a little that night after Arobin left her. It was only one phase of the multitudinous emotions which had assailed her. There was with her an overwhelming feeling of irresponsibility. There was the shock of the unexpected and the unaccustomed. There was her husband’s reproach looking at her from the external things around her which he had pro- vided for her external existence. There was Robert’s reproach making itself felt by a quicker, fiercer, more overpowering love, which had awakened within her toward him. (Ch. 28)
AccordingSchroeder, there could be a desire that does not motivate
action, does not cause feelings of joy or sorrow, and so on. Because these are all
effects of desires, if the reward-based learning theory of desire were correct, a
desire could in principle exist without having any of these effects(7).
Ilmiah 36
She is conscious to make a decision of her problem in her heart and her
mind. Edna’s desire has influence to herself.
She had said over and over to herself: “To-day it is Arobin; to-morrow it will be some one else. It makes no difference to me, it doesn’t matter about Léonce Pontellier—but
Raoul and Etienne!” She understood now clearly what she
had meant long ago when she said to Adèle Ratignolle that she would give up the unessential, but she would never sac- rifice herself for her children. (Ch. 39)
Edna finds out the solution for her self but in the bad side. She does not
think that her children need her and her husband love her. But she always minds
being alone nothing who understand her though.
She remembered the night she swam
far out, and recalled the terror that seized her at the fear of being unable to regain the shore. She did not look back now, but went on and on, thinking of the blue-grass
meadow that she had traversed when a little child, believing that it had no beginning and no end.
Her arms and legs were growing tired.
She thought of Léonce and the children. They were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul. How Mademoiselle Reisz would have laughed, perhaps sneered, if she knew! “And you call yourself an artist! What pretensions, Madame! The artist must possess the courageous soul that dares and defies.” Exhaustion was pressing upon and overpowering her. “Good-by—because I love you.” He did not know; he did not understand. He would never understand. Perhaps Doctor Mandelet would have understood if she had seen
him—but it was too late; the shore was far behind her, and
her strength was gone.
She looked into the distance, and the old terror flamed up
for an instant, then sank again. Edna heard her father’s
Ilmiah 37
the cavalry officer clanged as he walked across the porch. There was the hum of bees, and the musky odor of pinks filled the air. (Ch. 39)
She decides her problem to swim in the beach so far. Then, she commits
suicide because she does not get Robert’s love and her family leave her alone.
In addition, from the previous discussions about how Edna’s desire, the
researcher can to know that Edna does her life in the wrong way. Her statement to
resolve her problem is un real good, she thought that no body understands her and
she thinks negatively. Her desire begun in Grand Isle, a vacation place.
She is a lonely. Then, she gathers with another vacationer. But she falls in
love to vacationer. He is Robert (a younger man). Whereas, she feels conscious
that she is not alone, she has a family. She has a husband and two children. Her
husband still has a business to another place for weeks. She to leave with Robert
but she feel depression and she falling love to another man, his name is Alcee
Arobin. Her desire is fall in love to Robert but she cannot meet again with him. In
the end, she feels frustration to face her desire and commits to suicide by herself.
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis, the results of this study appear that Edna wants to
be a freedom woman who has a husband and two children. The story happens in
the Grand Isle, a vacation place Pontellier’s family. One day, Leonce must leave
his family at their vacation for a business in another place. Meanwhile, Edna and
their two children are left there. Edna spends the time with another vacationer,
Adele Ratignolle. She is Edna’s new friend in there. They play with Robert
together in the beach. Then, as far as Edna becomes fall in love to the younger
man (Robert). And she has a family.
There are ten characterizations of Edna. They are confused, confident,
stubborn wife, bored, depress, emotional, unstable, uncommunicative, a lonely,
and ignorant. First, she is confused because she feels uncomfortable to her new
condition and another boy who becomes Edna’s friend after leaveing her husband
trip for a business. Second, Edna is confident. Her confident more grow up when
she meets Adele Ratignolle to be her friend at Grand Isle. Third, Edna is stubborn
wife. It happens because she is sleeping in outside and she does want to ask her
husband to move in room until her husband does not permit her to do it and her
husband though is not good for her health. Fourth, Edna is bored; she looks at her
environment around her nothing understands about her feeling as unpredictable
condition. Fifth, Edna is depressing which the author directs to characterization
Ilmiah 39
what she feels in her heart and she saves it herself. Seventh, Edna is unstable. She
becomes easy to manage her feeling that for a moment she can happy and
suddenly she feels sad. Eighth, Edna is uncommunicative. She can save
everything in her heart without being known another person. Ninth, Edna is a
lonely because her husband leaves her alone. The last, Edna is ignorant. She does
not care about everything new around her life. From the previous description, the
research know that Edna’s behavior has changed. Edna’s though to be a free
woman to make her depression.
The researcher can to know that Edna does her life in the wrong way. Her
statement to resolve her problem is unreal good, she thinks that no body
understands her and she thinks negatively. She cannot think depend on reality and
based on the intellectual of her mind. She falls in love to vacationer. He is Robert
(a younger man). Whereas, she feels conscious that she is not alone, she has a
family. She has a husband and two children. Her husband still has a business to
another place for weeks. She to leave with Robert but she feel depression and she
falling love to another man, his name is Alcee Arobin. Her desire is fall in love to
Robert but she cannot meet again with him. In the end, she feels frustration to face
her desire and commits to suicide by herself.
Edna is unconscious to face her desire. She realize her problem in wrong
way. Desires move us to action, give us urges, incline us to joy at their
satisfaction, and incline us to sorrow at their frustration. Naturalistic work on
desire has focused on distinguishing which of these phenomena are part of the
Ilmiah 40
desiring(Schroeder 1). There are three features of desires; intrinsic,realizer, and
instrumental desires. The intrinsic is Edna falls in love to young boy (Robert).
Suddenly, he left her to another country. The realizer is Edna tries to forgotten
him(Robert) by falls in love to another boy(Alcee Arobin) and the instrumental
desires is Edna decide to suicide by herself because she unconscious to thought
becomes a good mother and good wife to her family (Leonce as her husband,
Ilmiah 41
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inside Cover Page ... i
Inside Title page ... ii
Declaration Page ... iii
Motto ... iv
Dedication Page ... v
Advisor’s Approval Page ... vi
Examiner’s Approval Page ... vii
Acknowledgement... viii
Table of Contents ... ix
Abstract ... xi
Abstraksi ... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of Study ... ... 1
1.2Statement of Problem ... ... 5
1.3Objective of the Study ... ... 5
1.4Scope and Limitation ... ... 6
1.5Significance of the Study ... ... 6
1.6Method of the Study ... ... 7
1.7Organization of Study ... ... 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 10
2.1.1 New Criticism Theory ... 10
2.1.2 Character ... 12
2.1.3 Characterization ... 13
2.1.4 Psychoanalysis Theory ... 14
2.1.5 The Concept of Desire ... 15
2.2 Review of Related Study ... 16
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1 Edna’s Character and Characterization ... 18
3.2 Edna’s Desire on Her Life and Her Family ... 29
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION... 38
WORKS CITED ... 41
BIOGRAPHY AUTHOR ... 43
