VI. AGBOSTEDEAE
1. CYPERUS L
110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
14. CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family.
Grasslike or rush like herbs; stems usually solid; roots fibrous; leaves narrow, with closed sheaths, the whole leaf sometimes reduced to a sheath; flowers perfect or unisexual, arranged in spikelets, one in the axil of each scale, the Spikelets solitary or clustered, 1 to many-flowered; perianth of bristles or wanting; stamens 1 to 3; styles
2 or 3; fruit a lenticular or trigonous achene.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
Flowers all unisexual, usually in separate spikes.
Achenes inclosed in a perigynium; glumes 1-flowered. 8. Carex (p. 116).
Achenes not inclosed in a perigynium; glumes
2-flowered 9. Kobresla (p. 124).
Flowers all, or at least part of them, perfect; spikelets similar.
Scales of the spikelets 2-ranked; spikelets more or less
flattened 1. Cyperus (p. 110).
Scales of the spikelets imbricated spirally in several ranks; spikelets not flattened.
Perianth bristles much elongated, woolly 7. Ebiophorum (p. 116), Perianth bristles short or wanting.
Spikelets 1 to 4-flowered; plants large, about
1 meter high, leafy... 2. Cladium (p. 112).
Spikelets several to many-flowered; plants mostly low.
Base of the style persistent, enlarged.
Leaves reduced to sheaths; spikelets
solitary 3. Eleocharis (p. 112).
Leaves not reduced; spikelets several,
mostly paniculate 4. Rtenophyllus (p. 114).
Base of the style deciduous, enlarged or narrow.
Perianth consisting of bristles 5. Scirpus (p. 114).
Perianth of a single hyaline scale— 6. Hemicabpha (p. 116).
WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. Ill
Inflorescence a compound umbel with unequal rays.
Glumes as broad as long, 2 mm. long or less, mu-
cronulate, usually green 4. C. rusbyt.
Glumes twice as long as broad, 3 mm. long, acuminate into a spreading awn, yellowish
brown 5. C, schwetnitzii.
Spikelets linear; scales of the flowers overlapping from one-half to two-thirds their length.
Spikelets deciduous as a whole when mature.
Spikelets with few, usually 2 or 3, flowers 6. C. unifiorus.
Spikelets with 6 to 9 flowers 7. C. speciosus.
Scales of the spikelets falling from the rachilla.
Rachilla narrowly winged, the wings adnate;
plants stout, stolonifcrous; spikelets loose-
ly clustered 8. C. esculenttts.
Wings of the rachilla not adnate, forming scales anterior to the flower; plants and spikelets various.
Spikelets densely crowded; flowers numerous, about 20 to the spikelet; scales of the flower not bordered with red; plants
stout 9. C, erytkrorhizos.
Spikelets fewer, loosely clustered; flowers 12 to the spikelet or less; scales red-
margined ; plants slender 10. C. sphaeelatus.
1. Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Descr. Gram. 16.1817.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: British America south to Mexico.
New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Ship rock; West Fork of the Gila; Santa Rita; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains. Moist ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.
2. Cyperus cyrtolepis Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc, N. Y, 3: 436. 1836.
Type locality: "Texas."
Range : Oklahoma to Texas and Arizona.
New Mexico: A single specimen, without locality, seen.
3. Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckel. Linnaea 35: 520. 1868.
Type locality: Near Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 865).
Range: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Wagon Mound; Magdalena; Mangas Springs; Black Range; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains. Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.
4. Cyperus rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 29.1884.
Type locality: Near Silver City, New Mexico. Type collected by Rushy in 1880.
Range: Mountains of New Mexico and western Texas.
New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Silver City; Animas Valley; San Luis Moun- tains; Organ Mountains; Arroyo Ranch; Gray; Elida; Queen. Upper Sonoran and Transition zones.
6. Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 276. 1836.
Type locality: Dry sand on the shore of Lake Ontario, near Greece, Monroe County, New York.
112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range : British America to New Mexico and Kansas.
New Mexico: Clayton; ElidajArroyo Ranch; Nara Visa. Sandy soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.
6. Cyperus uniflorus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 431. 1836.
Type locality : Texas.
Range: Western Texas and southern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Organ Mountains; sands south of Melrose. Dry soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.
7. Cyperus apeciosus Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 364. 1806.
Cyperus michatmanus Schult. Mant. 2:123.1824.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."
Range: Throughout most of the United States.
New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Roswell. Wet ground.
7a. Cyperus apeciosus squarrosus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 214. 1886.
Type locality: "New Mexico."
This differs from the species in having the scales spreading to recurved, and red- dish. Reported from New Mexico by Dr. N. L. Britton. Based on Fendler'e 870, which probably came from near Santa Fe.
8. Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. PI. 45.1753. Nut grass.
Cyperus phymatodes Muhl. Descr. Gram. 23.1817.
Type locality: "Habitat Monspelii, inque Italia, Oriente."
Range: British America and southward throughout the United States and tropical America; also in the Old World.
New Mexico: Las Vegas; Albuquerque; Hillsboro; San Luis Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Belen; White Mountains; Gray; Roswell. Wet ground, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.
9. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Descr. Gram. 20.1817.
Type locality : Pennsylvania.
Range : Throughout most of the United States.
New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.
10. Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. Descr. PI. 26.1786.
Type locality: Surinam.
Range: In the southern and southwestern United States and in tropical America.
New Mexico: Organ Mountains (Wooton 620). Upper Sonoran Zone.
2. CLADlUM R, Dr. Saw grass.
Coarse leafy perennial with cylindric stems about a meter high; spikelets small, in large, much branched, terminal panicles; glumes overlapping, the lower empty, the middle with unisexual flowers, the uppermost with perfect flowers; perianth none;
stamens 2 or 3; styles not persistent; achenes ovoid to globose, smooth or longitudinally ridged.
1. Cladium jamaicense Crantz, Insfr. Herb. 1: 362.1766.
Cladtum effusum Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 374.1836.
Type locality: Jamaica.
Range: Virginia and Florida to Texas and New Mexico; also in the West Indies.
New Mexico: Roswell. In shallow water.
3. EUSOCHABIS R. Br. Spike rush.
Annual or perennial scapose herbs, 15 to 30 cm. high or more, the leaves reduced to basal sheaths, the solitary terminal spikes without subtending bracts; stems cylindric,
WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 113
flattened, or angular, erect; spikelets small; perianth of 1 to 12 bristles; rfflmpng 2 or 3;
base of style swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the lenticular or 3-angled achene.
KEY TO TEE SPECIES.
Style branches 2.
Annuals; bristles shorter than the achenes; spikes oblong-
cylindric; tubercle broad and low 1. E. mgelmanni.
Perennial by rootstocks; bristles longer than achenes; spikes and tubercles various.
Plants stout; tubercles conic-triangular 2. E. palustris.
Plants slender; tubercles almost cylindrical 3. E. glaucescem.
Styles branches 3.
Plants very small, 3 to 10 cm. high; fruit obovoid-oblong, with
numerous longitudinal ridges and finer transverse ones. 6. E. acicularis.
Plants larger, 20 cm. high or more; fruit various.
Tubercles constricted at the base, clearly distinct from the achene; plants slender, with slender root-
stocks 4. E. montana.
Tubercles apparently confluent with the achene, cylin-
dric; plants stouter, not stoloniferous 5. E. rostellata.
1. Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 2: 79.1855.
Type locality: St. Louis, Missouri.
Range: New England to California.
New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Melealfe 589). In wet soil.
2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2:151.1817.
Scirpvs palustris L. Sp. PI. 47.1753, Type locality: European.
Range: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part.
New Mexico: Chama; Farmington; Jewett; Mule Creek; Mesilla Valley. In wet soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.
8. Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) Schult. Mailt. 2:89.1824.
Scirpus glaivcescens Willd. Enum. PI. 76.1809.
Eleocharis palustris glaucescens A. Gray, Man. 558.1848.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range : Throughout N orth America except in the extreme north.
New Mexico: Santa Fe Creek; Pecos; Las Vegas. Wet soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.
4. Eleocharis montana (H. B. K.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2:153. 1817.
Scirpus montonus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 226. 1816.
Type locality: "In monte Quindiu," Colombia.
Range: Colorado to California, southward to South America.
New Mexico: Zuni Reservation; Las Vegas; Bear Canyon; Rio Pueblo; Wheelers Ranch; Berendo Creek; Rincon; Apache Teju; Mesilla Valley; Silver Spring Canyon;
Mangas Springs, Wet soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran and the Transition zones.
6. Eleocharis rostellata Tom Fl. N. Y. 2: 347. 1843.
Scirpus rostellatus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 318.1836.
Type locality: Penn Yan, New York.
Range: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part.
New Mexico: Grant County; plains north of the White Sands. In wet soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone.
62576°—15 —8
114 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Eleocharis aciculaxis (L.) Roem. <fe Schult. Syst. Veg. 2:164.1817.
Scirpus acicularig L. Sp. PI. 48. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range : Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part; also in the Old World.
New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Cloverdale. Wet soil.
Eleocharis capitata R. Br. and E. atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth may come into New Mexico, as they occur very close to our borders.
4. STENOPHYLLUS Raf.
Small graBslike annuals, 15 cm. high or mostly leas, with basal leaves and umbel- late or capitate flower clusters of small spikelets subtended by 1 to several bracts;
flowers perfect; glumes overlapping; perianth none; stamens 2 or 3; style swollen at the base and persistent; achenes 3-angled or lenticular.
SET TO THE SPECIES.
«
Achenes longitudinally ribbed and transversely roughened; plants 10 to 15 cm. high; spikelets solitary or umbellate on the same
plant \ 1, S, capillaris.
Achenes rugose; plants 8 cm. high or less; spikelets solitary at the
summit of the culm and also at the bases of the leaves 2. S. funckii.
1. Stenophyllua capillaris (L.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 30.1894.
Scirpus capillaris L, Sp. PI. 49. 1753.
Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray, Man. 530.1848.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Aethiopia, Zeylona."
Range: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part; also in the Old World. .
New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Santa Rita; San Luis Mountains; Organ Moun- tains. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.
2. Stenophyllua funckii (Steud.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 30. 1894.
IsoUpisfunckii Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 2: 91.1855.
Scirpus heterocarpus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18:171.1883.
Type locality: Venezuela.
Range: Arizona and New Mexico, southward through tropical America to Bolivia.
New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Metcalfe 661). Wet ground.
0. SCIUPUS L. Bulrush.
Annuals or perennials, sometimes small and grasslike, sometimes tall (1 meter or more), with reduced basal leaves or sheaths; spikelets cylindric or somewhat flat' tened, spirally imbricated, in terminal clusters, single, capitate, or umbellate, sub- tended by 1 to several bracts; flowers perfect; perianth of 1 to 6 bristles (rarely none);
stamens 2 or 3; style not swollen at the base; achenes triangular or lenticular.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
Involucral bracts 1 or 2 or none.
Spikelets solitary, terminal; involucral bracts none 1. S. pauciflorus.
Spikelets several, seemingly lateral; involucral bracts 1 or 2.
Culms terete; involucral bracts 2 5. Sr occidentalism Culms triangular; involucral bract 1, seeming to be a pro-
longation of the culm.
Involucral bract short, 3 cm. long or less, barely ex- ceeding the spikelets, these generally 4 to 6, crowded; leaves about one-fifth the length of
the culm 2. 8. olneyi.
I
WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 115
Involucral bract 4 to 10 cm. long, much exceeding the Bpikeleta, these few, frequently only 1; leaved
half as long as the culm or more 3. S. americanvs.
Involucral bracts of several flat leaves much exceeding the com- pound umbellate inflorescence.
Culms triangular; apikelets large, 10 to 20 mm. long, light yel- lowish brown; inflorescence a simple umbel or in young
plants capitate 4. S. briUmianus.
Culms terete; spikelets small, 2 to 7 mm. long, greenish; inflo- rescence a once or twice compound umbellate cluster with numerous unequal rays.
Style branches 2; achenes rounded on the back; inflores-
cence twice compound; spikelets not capitate 6. S. microcarpus.
Style branches 3; achenes angled on the back; inflores- cence generally once compound; spikelets densely
capitate at the ends of the rays 7. S. atrovirens.
1. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078. 1777.
JSleocharis paiiciflorus Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 284.1827.
Type locality: Highlands of Scotland.
Range: British America to New York, New Mexico, and California; also in Europe.
New Mexico: A single specimen without locality seen.
It is probable that the plant is not uncommon in the mountains of New Mexico but has been overlooked by collectors.
2. Scirpua olneyi A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 238.1845.
Type locality: In a salt marsh on the Seekonk River, Rhode Island.
Range : Across the United States.
New Mexico: Salt Lake; Santa Rita; Dog Spring; Round Mountain. Wet alkaline soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone.
3. Scirpua americanus Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 68.1805.
Scirpus pungent Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 255.1806.
Type locality: "Hab. in Carolina inferiore."
Range: Throughout North America; also in South America.
New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Taos; San Juan; Wheelers Ranch;
Berendo Creek; Rincon; Mesilla Valley. In swamps, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran .zones.
4. SrixpuB brittonianua Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11:157.1906.
Scirpus campestris Britton in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 1: 267. 1896, not Roth, 1800.
Scirpus robustus campestris Fernald, Rhodora 2: 241. 1900.
Type locality: "On wet prairies and plains, Manitoba and Minnesota to Nebraska, Kansas, and Mexico, west to Nevada."
Range : As under type locality.
New Mexico: Cairizo Mountains; Farmington; Salt Lake; Mesilla Valley; near Carrizozo; Roswell. Wet ground, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.
5. Scirpus occidentalis (S. Wats.) Chase, Rhodora 6: 68.1904.
Scirpus lacustris occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 218.1880.
Type locality: San Diego County, California.
Range: British Columbia and California to New England.
New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Gallo Spring; Mangas Springs; Berendo Creek; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; Carrizozo. Wet ground, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones.
116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Scirpua microcarpua Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1:195.1828.
Sdrpus lenticularis Torr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3:328.1836.
Scirpus sylvaticus digynus Boeckel. Linnaea 36: 727.1870.
Type locality: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.
Range : British America and New England to California, Utah, and New Mexico.
New Mexico: Chama; West Fork of the Gila; Mimbres River. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone.
7, Scirpus atrovirena Muhl. Descr. Gram. 43.1817.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: Northeastern Atlantic States west to Alberta, south in the Rocky Moun- tains to New Mexico.
New Mexico: Pecos (Standley 5104). Upper Sonoran Zone.
6. HEMICARPHA Nees.
Low tufted grasslike annual, 10 cm. high or less, with erect or spreading, slender leaves and small, terminal, headlike or solitary spikelets with 1 to 3 leaflike bracts surrounding and much exceeding them; glumes spirally imbricated, deciduous;
perianth wanting; stamen 1; achene obovoid-oblong, little compressed, brown.
1. Hemicarpha xnicr&ntha (Vahl) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21:34.1894.
Scirpus micranUixis Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 254.1806.
Hemicarpha subsquarrosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 61. 1842.
Type locality: Given doubtfully as South America.
Range: Nearly throughout North America and in South America.
New Mexico: Albuquerque (Bigelow), Wet ground.
7. EE.IOPHOKUM L. Cotton grass.
Perennial from a rootstock, the culms erect; spikelete in a terminal umbel sub- tended by an involucre of one or more leaves; flowers perfect; perianth of numerous white bristles, these soft and cotton-like, much exserted; style 3-eleft; achenes obovoid, 3-angled, light brown.
1. Eriophorum angnstifolium Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 24.1788.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Alaska and Newfoundland to Maine, Illinois, and northern New Mexico.
New Mexico: Costilla Valley (Wooton). Bogs.
i 8. CAREX L. Sedge.
Perennial grasslike plants with 3-ranked leaves and mostly 3-angled culms; flowers unisexual, monoecious or dioecious; perianth wanting; stamens 3; pistillate flowers a single pistil with 2 or 3 stigmas, in a saclike perigynium, this completely inclosing the achene; achenes 3-angled or lenticular.
A very large genus of which the following listed species probably represent only a part of those indigenous to New Mexico. Collectors rarely take the trouble to examine the plants unless their attention is particularly called to them. There are no doubt several species common in the high mountains of the northern part of the State which have not been collected.
The writers are under special obligations to Mr. K. K. Mackenzie for assistance in the preparation of an account of this genus. Mr. Mackenzie identified most of our material and prepared the key to the species.
r
WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 117
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
Achenea lenticular; stigmas 2; terminal spike partly pistillate or if staminate the lateral spikes short or heads dioecious. ■ (Vignea.)
Spikes mostly staminate at the base.
Perigynia not wing-margined. (Stellulatae.)
Perigynia with very short beaks, widely spreading at
maturity.... 13. C.irUerior.
Perigynia with long beaks, appressed 14. C. bolanderi.
Perigynia wing-margined. (Ovaies.)
Beak of the perigynium flattened and margined to the tip-
Scales strongly tinged with reddish brown .21. C. wootoni.
Scales little if at all tinged with reddish brown.
Perigynia thin, lanceolate (at least two and
one-half times as long as wide) 19. C. scoparia..
Perigynia thick, ovate 20. C.festucacea.
Beak of the perigynium slender, nearly terete and scarcely margined at the apex.
Several of the bracts conspicuously exceeding the
head 18. C. tenuirostris.
Bracts inconspicuous.
Perigynia 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; culms smooth
beneath the head 15. C. subfusca.
Perigynia 4.5 to 6 mm. long; culms rough be- neath the head.
Perigynia about 4.5 mm. long, ovate 16. C. /estiva.
Perigynia 4.5 to 6 mm. long, lanceolate. .17. C. ebenea.
Spikes staminate at apex or some spikes wholly staminate.
Perigynia little compressed, whitish-puncticulate.
(Tenellae.) ! 12. C. disperma.
Perigynia strongly compressed, not whitish-puncticulate.
Culms one to few together, the rootstocks long and
• creeping.
Perigynia wing-margined, the beak bidentate.
(Arenabiae.) 5. C. sicoata.
Perigynia not wing-margined, the beak obliquely cut, or bidentate in age. (Divisae.)
Culms smooth above; rootstocks slender 1. C. douglasii.
Culms rough beneath the head; rootstocks stout.
Perigynia chestnut, scarcely sharp-edged, the beak about one-fifth the length
of the body at maturity 4. C. simulate.
Perigynia brownish or blackish, sharp- edged, tapering into a beak about half the length of the body.
with one to several perigynia, the heads appearing a mass of straw-colored scales; staminate flowers conspicuous; perigyn- ium body at maturity about
2 mm, wide 2. C. latebrosa.
118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Spikes with about 10 perigynia, con*
cealed by inconspicuous scales, these tinged with green or brown; staminate flowers in- conspicuous; perigynium body at maturity lees than 1.5 mm.
long 3. C. camporum.
Culms ceapitoee, the roots tocks at most short-creeping.
Spikes numerous, in a more or less compound
head. (Multiflorae.) 11. C.agroBtoides.
Spikes lees than 10, in a simple head.
Perigynia strongly nerved, the beak exceed-
ing the body. (Stenorhynchae.) . . .10. C. stipata.
Perigynia weakly nerved, the beak not ex- ceeding the body. (Mvhlenber- GIANAE.)
Scales conspicuously tinged with reddish
brown 6. C. occidentaii».
Scales at most faintly tinged with reddish brown.
Perigynia obliquely cut or shallowly
bidentate, weakly serrulate. 9. C, ruxbyi.
Perigynia deeply bidentate, strongly serrulate.
Spikes with few perigynia; sheaths tight, inconspicuously septate-
nodulose 7. C. neomexicana.
Spikes with several to many perigy- nia; sheaths soon loose, easily breaking, conspicuously septate-
. nodulose 8. C. gravida.
Achenee triangular or lenticular; if lenticular the lower lateral spikes elongated and terminal spikes staminate. (Eucarex.) Spike solitary.
Perigynia coriaceous, glabrous; rootstocka long-creeping.
(Nitidae.) 22. C. obtvxata.
Perigynia not coriaceous, puberulent; culms densely
cespitose. (Ftupoliab.) 23. C.fili/olia, Spikes more than one.
Perigynia puberulent, triangular or suborbicular in cross section, long-stipitate, 2-ribbed. (Montanae.)
Basal spikes absent 24. C. heliophila.
Basal spikes numerous.
Perigynium body suborbicular; staminate spike 2.5 mm. wide; bract shorter than the culm;
blades 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide 25. C. geophila.
Perigynium body oval; staminate spike 1.5 mm.
wide; bract normally exceeding the culm;
blades 0.75 to 1.5 mm. wide 26. C. pityophila.
Perigynia differing from the above section in one or more particulars.
Pistillate spikes drooling on slender pendunclee;
perigynia strongly beaked, not bidentate.
(Capillares.) 27. C. capillaru.
WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OP NEW MEXICO. 119
Pistillate spikes erect or, if drooping, the perigynia differing from above.
Achenes normally lenticular and the stigmas 2.
Perigynia golden yellow at maturity; spikes lew-flowered; plants low, slender. (Br-
colores.) 28. C. aurea.
Perigynia not golden yellow at maturity;
spikes many-flowered; plants tall or stout. (Rigidae.)
Perigynium beak strongly bidentate; peri-
gynia ribbed 33. C. rubraslen-
&is.
Perigynium beak, if present, not bidentate;
perigynia various.
Lowest bract not exceeding the inflores-
cence 29. C. scopulorum^
Lowest bract exceeding the inflores- cence,
Perigynia pale green, finely many-
nerved 30. C. lulloggii.
Perigynia greenish straw-colored, few- nerved or nerveless.
Leaf blades flat and canaliculate, the edges serrulate above only; peri-
gynia at most obscurely nerved.. 31. C. variabilis.
Leaf blades, at least the lower, pli- cate, the margins revolute, the edges serrulate throughout; peri-
gynia few-nerved 32. C. emoryi.
Achenes triangular; stigmas 3.
Perigynia beakless or very shortly beaked.
Terminal 2 or 3 spikes staminato. (Tra-
chychlaenae.) 3T. C. ultra.
Terminal spikes pistillate above, blami- na to below. (Atkatae.)
Perigynia 2.5 mm. long or less, little compressed, the margins not ap-
pearing winglike 34, C. halUri, Perigynia more than 2.5 mm. long,
strongly compressed, the margins winglike.
Spikes all closely sessile, contiguous,
forming a dense lobed head 35. C. nova.
Lateral spikes peduncled, distant,
usually nodding 36. C.bdla.
Perigynia strongly beaked, the beak deeply bidentate
Perigynia or sheaths pubescent. (Hnt- TAE.)
Perigynia pubescent, the teeth short;
sheaths glabrous 38. C. lanuginosa.
Perigynia glabrous, the teeth long;
sheaths pubescent 39. C. atherodes.