ya'ckiwi'lc ha',theyarenot French-
men,
ya'c kiwi'lc ula {or ul ha'), are they not-
Frenchmen?
ya'c
nak
tu'taiha'xc, ya'cnak
tu'- taiha'xc nka'kit,you
do that for nothing ("tu fais 5a pour rien").yu'lc io'-i o'k 'nu'xts a' 'n ta'nat 'n a', send
me word
whetheryou
cancome
ornot (D-43).ha
(cf.a, tobe).yuki'tnu'ukin
pum
ic-ha'xca'iti-yilc,we have
adanceinourvillage thismonth
(?).ha, ha'ha!, yes!; E. D. haha.
ha'hu,
ha'hu it, previously, first (D-91) (perhaps
ha
isa, this).hai, tocry,toweep,to neigh;
E.D.
hai.haihai'co, I
was
crying, hihaihai'c, I cried, Iwept,iti
man
hihai'x-tikyilco, Iwept
all night,no'mc
tanu'k haihai'c hi'kit, a childis
coming down
weeping,no'mc
wa'n-haihai'ckit, the child isweeping (I).
cakio'l ckali't haihai'c hu'o, I see a
boy
weeping,cakio'l ckali't haihai'c na'ko, I hear a
boy
weeping,tsanu'k haihai'c, a horse is neighing (I).
tsl's waii-haihai'ckit, a
baby
goes aboutcrying(I, D-66).wa'ii haihai'c, he is going to weep, I
am
goingtoweep
("ilvapleurer,""je vais pleurer").
wi'c ihaihai'ckit, I
am
crying, Iam
weeping,
hai, ha'l (1^12, D-28), back, behind, backof,after,last,inthenumerals
above
elevenha and
hai are used, the former probablyan
abbrevia- tion; E. D. halk, also hatt (P)(q. v.).
a'n ha'l,behind thehouse.
ha' ha'lehe,he has the backache.
ha'l he'c, backache.
ha'lhiwa'ntikitha', Ifinishwalking.
ha'litiyi'lc,next
month,
"themonth
after."
ha'l
kamka'm, back
fin(s).ha'lkin, afterward (D-95, 116)
ha'ltsi', spine,
"back
bone."ha'l
wa'n
ha'xcn, don'twalk behind!ha'l yi'lkin,next
day
(D-124).hac okotke'hop paiha'l, the trousers are torn behind, his trousers have holes in the seat ("les pantalons sont fendus par derriere").
hika't nl't ya' ha'l cokfii wi'(c), I
am
fiveand
ahalf feet (tall).
icatha'l,
back
ofhead,itiyi'lc ha'l, the last
month
(of the year).
John
tanko'hi ha'l lu'1-ici'hat,John jumped
inand swam
over, kuiyatko'llat ha'lcuki'n,threeand
ahalfsausages.
kudsnS'nha'l,backof knife, no'kha'l, tail, fin.
o'ts ha'lkin,
back
teeth,paiha'l, pai'hal (I), ha' hai, behind, thebuttocks,
wi hila'ihai,
my
secondwife, wi hipa'hal,my
second husband, wic ha'l, Iam
behind,wichiha'l,wihiha'l, I
am
thelastof a line, Iam
beliind ("je suis le dernierd'unefile").
wo'c ha'l,
back
ofhand,yuki'ticha'l,
we
arethelast ofaline,we
are behind ("noussommes
les derniers d'unefile").hai tsi'k,
may
be used tomean
"sec- ond."hailat,
may
beusedtomean
"third."hal(e) tanu'kip,once more, haitsu'kip,twicemore.
The
following forms are some-what
uncertain:woe
pe'ha tanuk
(L), wucpe' ha'l tanu'k, eleven,woe
pe' ha'tanu'kip, eleven times.woe
pe' ha' tsi'k,twelve,woe
pe'ha' lat, thirteen,woe
pe' ha' himato'l, fourteen, woc- pe'hai imato'l (D-87)The
following are in theE
D.:halg hannik, eleven, halg happaalst, twelve, halglaatt, thirteen, halg tseets, fourteen, halg niitt, fifteen, hallglaatst, sixteen.
36 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[bull. 108'hallg paghu, seventeen.
hallg tsikhuiau, eighteen.
hallg tegghuiau, nineteen.
haUg
heissign, twenty.heissign happalst halk hannik, twenty-one.
heissign happalst halk happalst, twenty-two.
han,
tocome
near, almost to do (per- haps fromha, not).ka'-u-ha'n6t, she
came
near dying (D-55).tsu'mcha'ilckin, after pinching him.
tik ha'ngt,he
came
near,wi cak wa'ci ik'ha'uts ti'kha'nSt, wi cak wS.'ci ik'ha'uc tik'ha'nSt,
my
old
man
failed todrown
himself,my
oldman
almostdrowned
him-self
("mon
vieux amanque
de se noyer").wica' coco'lc ha'nu, I almost scared somebody,
wl coco'lc hinte'hi ha'nulet {or hS,nulet), they
came
near scaringme
to death.hafic, tostop (cf.ha, not).
ha'ncSntohokina'ts, stopfighting!
okwa'nc
ha'ncat, thewar
isover, cuka' ha'nctin,having performedthedance (D-125).
cukia'k'ha'nco, Ifinish eating.
happalst
(P.),happaalst
(C),two
(the Hiyekiti orEasternAtakapa
(and perhaps Opelousa) equivalent for tsik).halg happalst, twelve (E. D.).
heissign happalst halk happalst, twenty-two (E. D.).
hehin
pon
iolic happalst [hehinpoon
iol-ish happaalst],
two
thousand (E. D.).ha'cka
[hashka], brother (E. D.).wi
hacka
[uehashka(P),oueeashkaa
(C)]
my
brother (E. D.).hatse-e'c (D-113, 119), hatse'-ec (L-16), ha'tse-ec, atse'-ec, bad;
pi.
hatsimec, ha'timec;
E. D.ikau,
ikao
[ickao, bad; ikkao, ugly, nasty],hiwalc ha'tse-ec,a
bad
dream, icakha'tse-ec, icakha'tiec,bad man.
ica'k hatsi'emec or hatse'mec, ica'k hati'emec, icak hatimec,
bad men.
icakhila'-itsikke'-6nhatse'ec,
when
aman had two
wives itwas
bad.kitsa'k atse-e'c 8.'mne, the drinking of whisky is
bad
(abad
thing).ko'-i hatseme'c wa'ii-cakwa'ntskit, heslanders.
ku'm
hec ha'tse-ec, colic is abad
thing.o'tsecokte'-i hadie'c,snake
venom.
cok'hatse-e'c caka', to bewitch, "to do
bad
things tothem."cok'he' atse-e'c cak'ho'lculat, they put
bad
medicine into them.cokte'-i hadie'c, poison,
"bad
medi- cine."cuxka' atse-e'c, they are all bad, they are all
mean.
te'xlk hima°' hatse-e'c, this flower smells bad.
wo'nnSn
hatie'c,abad
road, hatsi'l, atsi'l,rusted, rusty, rust.atsi'lku'ts, therustisred.
cu'xtsi'l, rust of things (pi. of hatsi'l).
wi kutsne'natsi'l,
my
knife is rusty, hpt-, thereflexive prefix, "self."ha'thu {or ha'tu), look here! ("re- garde!").
hathu'ne, looking-glass, "forlooking at oneself."
hatik'ha'-uco, I
drown
myself.hatka'mcat, I scratched myself.
hatka'-uco, I pricked myself.
hatko'mco, I
hang
myself up.hatko'pico, I paintmyself white.
hatla'ki, tostrain oneself.
icat atyi'nsne, icat atygne, a
crown (made
of silver), probably sig."wrapped
about thehead."tec hatko'tsnto, I crop
my
hair.til (h)atkai'-icne, belt, strapfor gird- ingoneself.
tuts hatko'kico, I
bend my
leg.wihatka'-uco, I
comb
myself.wi (h)atpa'-i, I turn something around.
wi
nuk
hatkolko'lco, Irub myself.wi tso'-ots (h)a'tkane, I mill corn-
meal
into flour.yuki'ti o-ina'ka (h)atito'lc ha'hat, she did not dress herself like the Indians,
hathe'
(P),hat'he
(C),body
(E. D.).gatschet]
swantonJ
DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 37
hatna', how?,
how much?
(cf.atna).a'tnaxka
man kef
'n-u'xts a,how
long can
you
stay? (D-44.) hatna' hiyi'kicta,how much
willyou
pay me?
orhow much
haveyou
topay me?
hatna'-inst,
which
oneisit? (L-26.) hatna'kape'la,how
farisit?hatna'x
kan
me'tsa,how
tallareyou?hatna'X
kan
wa'cin a', hatna'xkan
wa'ci na,how
old is he?lakla'xc hatna' nke'a,
how much money
have you?'natna'ha,
how
areyou? how
doyou
feel? (D-69.)
'nhii'nat hatna'xka pa'-ihiticnana,
you have
sent to find me,how
can I return? ("tu m'asenvoy^
chercher,
comment
puis-je re- tourner?")hatt, back (E. D.) (cf. hal
and
reflex- iveprefix hat-,hatte', oppressive, (E.D.).
alliu hatte', the heat is oppressive ("la chaleurestforte") (E. D.) hattoiau,
haltoiau
(P), wild beast,animal(?) ("this
word
isadded
to thenames
of wild beasts") (E. D.).ha'-u, snow, frost, hail(?) (I); E. D.
hauettor
haau
elt, frost, hoarfrost ("gelee") (cf. aleand
wak).ha'-u icka'm, sleet, hail
("du
ver- glas").ha'-u idso'm, sleet, "small hail" (I).
ha'-uko'me, abig snowfall,also frost?
ha'-ukomekit,thereisabig snowfall,
and
frost?ha'-u ko'p,frostiswhite.
ha'-ukit, itis snowing (I).
ko'pha'-u, whitefrost.
tiu ha'-ukit, it
snows
(a little) con- tinuously.hau kobb
[hau cobb (P) or haau-kobb
(C)],thefrostiswhite(E.D.).
ha'yu,
ha-u,
to laugh;distr. haiha'yu, ha-oi; E. D.hai.ha ha'yu, he is laughing (I).
hiwe'-ukawiha'yuSt, Ihave laughed to
my
heart's content ("j'ai ri lecoeur content").
ica'kot cak'ha'yu,ica'k u'tcak'ha'yu
I laugh at
many
persons ("je risde (beaucoup de) persons").
icak co'xk (or co'k) cak'ha'yu, one
who
laughs at ormakes
fun of("un
qui ritdu monde,
fais farce").John
ha'yu,John
islaughing (I).na
ha'yuat,you
were laughing (I).wet
hiha'yu6t, we'het hiha'yuSt, he has laughedaime("ilaride moi").wiha'yu, Ilaughed.
wi (h)iha'yu6t (or (h)iha'wit), I
laughed.
wicha'yu, I
am
laughing (I).wic ha'yuat, I
was
laughing (I).wichayuti'kit, I willlaugh (I).
ya' ica'k o't ha'yuSt,
ya
ica'k u't ha'yugt, he has laughed at thisman
("ilari decethomme").
yuki't hiwe'-uka ico'ygt,
we have
laughedmuch,
he, he, painful, pain,
what
hurts, strong to the extentofbeinghurt- ful, sicknesswhen
painful; bit- ter; pi. he'he; E. D. he, bitter (cf.wai).
a' kitsakc he u'c, this whisky is too strong.
a' kitsakc he', strong whisky, lager beer.
elu'ikhicokxe'cat,the heat
made me
sick,orI
became
sickthroughheat.ha' ha'lehe,he has backache.
ha'l hec, backache.
ha
hila'-icok'he'c,his wifeissick.he' he'-u,
many
bitter (things).he
nak
he,he na'k he,he'x na'k he', verybitter, verystrong.he' CO to'lha, strong but not
good
(wine).he'hikane, he
might
hurtme.
hehika'nen hatania'nsat, he'hikane a'tanians, I
was
afraid hewould
injureme.he'c, it is painful, it aches; pi., he'hec.
hi'cat otshe'xkit,thetopofthe
head
issmarting.
hicokec kco' yi'lkit ni5n (or yi'l
mon)
ti'co,though
Iam
sick I go out every day.38 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[bull. 108hicokecip hio'k a'xcat, hicoke'cia hio'k a'xcat, I did not
come
because Iwas
sick("comme
jene suis pasvenue
c'est parceque
j'etaismalade").
icak cuke'c, a sick
man
(L), icak cuk'he'c, sickpeople (D-118).leak cuke'c he'-u,
many
sickmen.
i'cat he', icat hec (I), having head- ache;i'cat he'he, (distr.).
icokhe'c, icoke'c, I
am
sick.icoke'cat, I
have
beensick.icoke'cin,whileI
am
sick.icoke'cip, becauseI
am
sick.icoke'ckinto, I
am
gettingsick.icoke'ctikit,icoke'cin,I shallbesick.
icoke'cto, I
am
going to be sick (icoke'cnto, can not be said).kau'kau he', sea water, "bitter
water"
(I).ke'c cakcoke'c yo'xt wi ca'k'hinai, I think that
many women
are sick ("je croisque
plusieursfemmes
sontmalades").
kitsak he', strongwhisky, also lager beer.
ku'mhe, kumhe'c,
ko'm
hec(I),colic, alsodiarrhea.ku'm
hec ha'tse-ec, colic is abad
thing.ots hehe'xkit, (my) teeth are aching.
ots he'xkit, (my) toothis aching.
o'tshec, toothache (I).
ca coke'c ti'xtwi hi'nai,Ithink that
someone
is sick ("je crois qu'il y aquelqu'un de malade").cakhe'-uc, toabuse
them
(D-80).cok'he' atse-e'c cak'ho'lculat, they put
bad
medicine intothem.cok'he'c (D-54, 91, 112), cuk'he'c (D-118), sickness.
tsa't he', poison vine (a root re- sembling the yuki'ti
konin
or Indian marsh-potatoroot).uc
mon
(h)e'he (or ehe'c),my
whole bod\-isaching.wihe'xka-u, 1 hurt
somebody.
wi o'tse he, Ihavetoothache.
wico' hehe'xkit,
my
heartispaining.wi wula'ktakc ehe', kidney disease (I have).
wi'c hehatka'-u, Ihurt myself.
wic (ku'ltan) icoke'cat, I
had
been sick (long ago).yuki't a' ya'nak icoke'c, yuki'ti co'kec,
we
are sick (a', now), yuki't ic-co'kcokec,we
are sick, yuki'ts icuke'cat, yukiti' cuke'cat,we have
been sick, or an Indianwho was
sick.heissign(C, P), hiising (C),ten(E.D.).
hallgheissign,
twenty
(E. D.).heissign happalst halk happalst, twenty-two (E. D.)
heissignlaatt,thirtj' (E. D.).
hets, hets, big, large (cf. he-u).
anpa'kche'ts, rat,"big
moving
ears,""bigflapears."
he'tskcotla'-u (orkla-u (A. R.)), big, butlight.
Giwi'lc yil-u-ev he'ts,
new
year,"big powerful French day."
hika'the'ts,largetoe,largefoot.
I'nkilic yi'lu e'v hets, Christmas,
"big powerful English da3^"
itiyi'lc he'tskit, the crescent
moon,
"theincreasing
moon."
ki'dsonc he'ts lau'kit, the fire is
blazing,
ki'dsonc hi'tutan {oritan (L)) he'ds- kit, the fire is increasing,
ne'ehets,biglog,thick firewood, o'hets,big cord, big rope,
paihe'ts o°'uc, too little ("trop petit"),
paihe'ts u'c, too big ("tropgrand"), pa'-ict (h)e'ts, pa'-ict he'ts,
an
ax.pem
he'ts, cannon, "big shooter."ci'ct pa'l he'ts, icpal he'ts, a great bowl,
coki'c ke-uhe'tskit (or he'tskit), the plant grows, the plant enlarges, tsanu'k hets, a big (American) horse
("groscheval Americain").
ta'-i (or tai-i (A. R.)) he'tskit, the river
becomes
bigger,to'lk hima'kic hets, to'lki makict hets, a large pin, a long pin, a breastpin,
tu'lhets, tu'l he'ts,"biglake,"
name
of a lake near
Lake
Charles, also the ocean,wa'ihets,rock, "big stone" (I).
wo'c he'ts,
thumb.
yil he'ts,largelight, "big day."
yilhive'vhets,a holiday,abigpower- fulday.
yil hue've'n,
Mardi
Gras.GATSCHETI
8WANTONJ
DTCTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 39
yil hu-e'v hets, yil ive'v hets,
"a
greatday"
(Lsaysyi'l hiwe'-u).yuk'hi'ti ntin h6ts {to which ha'- tanians maij be added), a great Indianvillage,
he
-u, to curse,to swear.he'-ucat, he has cursed
and
re- proached, he hassworn
("il a babille," "il a grond6," "il a jure"),wan-cakpa'mkox ya
cakhe'uc, shewent around
to beatand
abuse them.he-u,
he'-u
(D-51, 78, 84),many
(also used to indicate theplural)
;
E. D.
heu
[heou] (also given as"they").
anhipo'n he'-uc cakico'mc, rabbits
have many
young,haki't cukia'xnan cak'he'-uc, they
have
plentytoeat.ha' he'-u, bitter (pi.),
he'-uha'x, not
much,
notmany,
he'-u cakia'm, lies (pi. of lie, false-hood),
he'-u cakcu'c ka'-u ti'-utit,
many
birdsfly.
he'-u cukia'ko, I
have
eatenmuch
(D).
icaka'iihe'-uke,a
man
havingmany
houses,
icakhe'-u,
many men
(I).i'cak he'-u ha', not
many men,
fewmen
(I).icak he'-u hakit e'fiip cakwa'-uco, I call
many
peopleby
theirnames, icak he'-uki'wilcipco'xku'l,men who
will bedoctors,
icak he'-u cak'ko'mc,
many men hung
up.icak cukia' he'-u, a bigeater, icakta'-ic he'-u,
many
strangers, kakau' hidso'm he'-u cak'hu'o, Iseemany
stars,kic he'-u,
many women
(I),kiche'-uha', few
women, "not many women"
(I).kic
no'mc
he'-uc, awoman who
hasmany
children,kitsak paihe-uc a'm6t, I
made
m\'- self drunk, Idrauk
toomuch
whisky,ndihe'-u,
many
fish,ormany
catfish.ne'e he'-u ko'tso, I cut a
heap
ofwood
(L).ne'ehe'-u lau'kit,alot of
wood
isonfire,
ne'e he'-u cakta'mo, I climb
many
trees,
ne'ei'che'-u,rotten trees,
ne'tatat
ickSm
he'-u, big oranges ("grandes oranges"),noha'mc
ha'-u ca'knima'-u, I killmany
chickens,okotka'-uc i'cak he'-u cakcopats (h)imi'cinto, I
wash
shirts for others,otse' he'-u ci'utiutit, the snakes go crawling,
pa'-ihe'-uc, too
much,
po'x he'-u caki'kco, I
buy many
cows,
caknokna'-u he'-u,
many
feathers, cok he'-u hia'xlicat, cok he'-u hia'x-icat, Ilost
many
things,co'k he'-ucak'hidsa'mco,Ijoin
many
things,
cok he'-u caktsS,'nco, I steal
many
things.
coko'm
he'-u wa'fi ho'ntit,many cows
are lowing,coko'n he'-u caki'kco, I
buy many
cows,
coxto'l he'-u wic ke', I
have
(much) luck,cu'l he'-u,
many
dogs (I).cu'l he'-u ha', few dogs,
"not many dogs"
(I),tsanu'k he'-u polpo'lxctit, the horses gallop,
tso'-ots he'wip hilc, corn sifted separately (hewip
=
he-u+
ip).tots-koi-he'-u, mockingbird, "bird that talks
much";
E.D.takis-koi- heu.tu'ts he'-u, centipede,
"many
feet", wi hitet he'-u i'-uc,my
fathers areenraged,
wi cokiu'lc he'-u ke'-u hu'nto, I read
many
books,wi'c (h)aki'ta' hina'kahe'-u hatu'-iv {orhatvi'v), I
deem
myselfashigh as they,wi' cokiakna'n hehe'-uc {or ihe'-uc), I
have many
provisions, Ihave
much
food.40 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
[bull.1U8 ya' hu'i pu'nso, I blow undermany
things,
ye'-u he'-u, sandheaps,lots ofsand, yu'kit cukia'xnSn iche'-uc,
we have
plenty toeat.
yuk'hiti he'-u,
many
Indians, ic he-u [ish heou], there aremany
stars (E. D.).
tempst kaukauheu, the spring is rainy (E. D.).
hi, he,wind; Ak. iit.
hi' lak, the
wind
blows hard, "thewind
is strong" (astormwind), hi' lak uca',thewind
blows alittle, hi' lo'nkit, the storm is roaring, hi'no, i'no,whirlwind,hino' na', itblows awhirlwind, lak hi', a hurricane, a windstorm,
"a
strong wind."hi,toplant.
hi'hulat, they planted (L-2, 3, 4).
ne'ehi'cu, I plantatree (D).
pa'tite'-uhi'c, cotton plant.
co'kic(L), coki'c, aplant (not cokic) (no
word
for "animal"),coki'c ke-uhe'tskit, coki'c he'tskit, the plant grows,
tso'ots hie, planting Indian corn
(I, L).
te'puk ne'e hi'hulat, they planted peachtrees (L-2).
wi pa'tite'-u hi'cu, I plant cotton.
hi-, i-, objective pronominal prefix of the first person; sig. me,
though
often equivalent to English I;E. D. ha-(?).
ha
ok
hi-u'at,hecame
to seeme.he'micka'kau, give
me
water!hika'-u, Idie,lit.
"me
die."hike', Ihave, hila'wet, I
was
burnt, hile'mc,he lovesme.himakau'kit, Ifell,
hipa'muiet, I
was
beaten, they beat me.hipa'tso, he
whipped
rae.hipu'nsat, they
blow
at me.hipu'nso, they blow at
you
(an evi- denterror).
hi'wants, tell
me!
ile'mc, Ilovehim.
wihipa' hUo'icat,
my husband
helped me.wicoco'ic hinte'hi-ha'nulet,they
came
nearscaring
me
to death, wichipe'tstha, Iam
nottired, wicio'nc,Ido not want.ak
hamic
[ak hamish], giveme
water! (E. D.).
kam hamic
[cam hamish], giveme
fire! (E.D.)
hi-, ori-, there appears to bea prefix of this
form
ofverygeneralmean-
ing—
perhaps "it."Many
of the stems with initial hi ori probably contain it.Examples may
be foundinprofusion,hika't,hikad, ikat (D-142, 143),i'kat (I), foot (including the measure), paw, wing(?); Ak. ikak (icac), foot (according to
Du
Terrageand
Rivet, but theymay have
misread the lastletter cfort).
hika't he'ts, hikat he'ts (I), large toe (also refers to feet); Ak.
kwates (quates) (perhaps hikat
+
hets) .
hikathu'i,sole
"bottom
offoot."hika'tico°',smaller toes (andfeet), hika'tni't ya' ha'lcoki'nwi(c), I
am
five
and
ahalf feet (tall).hikattsu'x, toenail(I).
icak hika'tsim, abarefooted
man.
ka'nehikat, flippers of turtle.
ciwo'nikat,
paw
of cat.cukitu'liana hi'kad lat, three-legged table.
wiikat,
my
feet,hika'-u (perhaps
from
ka-u, to cover).ne hika'-u
nak
wa'nta {or hatwa'n-ta), I
am
going to travel into all countries(D
thinks theform
in- correct).hiki' (D-135), hiki't, west (cf. Ik.
ik'ha-u).
hiki'ke i'cak,awestern
man.
hiki'u ti'cta, I
am
to travel to the west.ya' i'cak hiki'ke 6t, this
man comes from
thewest(hiki'ke/orhiki-f- ike).hikon, ikon,to fasten,totie (cf. kon)
.
haiko'nkcat, he
was
fastening.hiko'nkco, to
make
fast, tomoor
("amarrear").(h)iko'nkco, I
make
fast, I tie a knot, Ifasten!hiko'nc la'kic(t), a knot ("noeud").
iko°'la'kic,help