Tsertseil Juliya Sergeevna
Tsertseil Juliya Sergeevna 132
2007 (as amended on November 04, 2022).1 The Federal Law introduces the concept of “subjects of small and medium- sized businesses” as business entities (legal entities and individual entrepreneurs), classified in accordance with the conditions established by this Federal Law, to small enterprises, including micro- enterprises, and medium- sized enterprises. Information about them is included in the unified register of small and medium- sized businesses.
In accordance with Article 42 of this Law, small and medium- sized businesses include those registered in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and meeting the conditions established by Part 1.1 of this Article, business companies, business partnerships, business partnerships, production cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs.
The proposed clustering algorithm for small and medium- sized businesses in the manufacturing sector lists the main groups of participants, which is shown in Figure 1:
• state programs for the development of territories, • industrial (public) enterprises— anchor participants, • subjects of small and medium business;
• special economic zone of industrial- production type (SEZ IPT) or technology- innovative type (SEZ TIT),
• the sphere of professional training and retraining of personnel, • innovative infrastructure.
1 The document was provided by ConsultantPlus: information and legal portal. Access mode: by subscription.
2 The document was provided by ConsultantPlus: information and legal portal. Access mode: by subscription.
133 Clustering of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
Table 1. Algorithm for clustering small and medium- sized businesses in the manufacturing sector
State programs for the development of the territory, the implementation of cluster policy, strategies for innovative development, etc.
Special economic zone of industrial- production type or technology- innovative type, administrative resource
Participant group 1 Participant group 2 Participant group 3 Participant group 4 Production (public)
corporations of the real sector of the economy
Educational sector in the field of vocational training and retraining of personnel
Innovation infrastructure:
business incubators, manufacturers’
associations, technology parks, technopolises:
“innovation block”
Small and medium- sized enterprises in the manufacturing sector
Source: Compiled by the author
Today, special economic zones are one of the tools for the development of territories. Together with them, this function is performed by zones of territorial development and territories of advanced socioeconomic development. This is reflected in Table 1. The activities of small and medium- sized businesses cannot be considered in isolation from the general strategy for the development of the national economy. Thus, at the state level, an approach is currently being implemented to form individual plans for the development of territories in order to equalize the pace of development of territories characterized by a low level of a number of indicators. The following indicators are analyzed: average per capita cash income of the population, adjusted for the ratio of the cost of a fixed set of consumer goods; the proportion of the population with monetary incomes below the regional subsistence level in the total population of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation; unemployment rate; investment in fixed capital (excluding budget investments) per capita. In accordance with the federal law of the Russian Federation of December 3, 2011, № 392- FZ (as amended on December 28, 2013), territorial development zones include a part of the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, where, through the provision of state support measures, favorable conditions for attracting investments are created. The state does this in order to accelerate its socioeconomic development.
Tsertseil Juliya Sergeevna 134
Table 2. Characteristics of the territories of development of the Russian Federation Territory type Key characteristics
Special
economic zone Focused on the development of manufacturing sectors of the economy, high- tech sectors of the economy, the development of technologies and the commercialization of their results, the production of new types of products
Territorial development zones
Focused on reducing differences in the level of socioeconomic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by creating favorable conditions for attracting investment in their economy Territories
of advanced socioeconomic development
Focused on the territory of the Far East in order to organize non- primary production- oriented export capacities to the countries of the Asia- Pacific region. A favorable investment climate is formed as a result of the implementation of state support measures
Source: Retrieved from http:// legala cts.ru/ doc/ fed eral nyi- zakon- ot- 03122 011- n- 392- fz- o/
In the general approach, the balanced territorial development of the Russian Federation is carried out within the framework of the “Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025.” This strategy was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 13, 2019, No. 207- r. Its main provisions involve the elimination of infrastructural restrictions within the territories. As one of the tools for the development of the territories of the Russian Federation, special economic zones (SEZs) can be distinguished. According to the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, there are currently 43 SEZs operating in the country, including 24 industrial and production SEZs, 7 technological innovation SEZs, 10 tourist and recreational SEZs, and 2 port SEZs. Each of them involves the formation of the investment potential of a particular territory. The main share of SEZ participants are small and medium- sized businesses. According to the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, the total number of SEZ residents, some of which belong to small and medium- sized businesses, is more than 967 participants.
As an example of building a cluster, we considered the Lipetsk region.
135 Clustering of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
(continued on next page) Table 3. Algorithm for clustering small and medium- sized businesses in the manufacturing sector of the Lipetsk region
State programs for the metallurgical and machine- building industries, the implementation of cluster policy, innovative development strategies, etc.
Special economic zone of industrial- production type (SEZ IPT) “Lipetsk” was created in accordance with the Federal Law “On Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation” dated July 22, 2005, № 116- FZ
Participant group 1 Participant group 2 Participant group 3 Participant group 4 Production
enterprises of the real sector of the economy
Educational sector in the field of vocational training and retraining of personnel
Innovation infrastructure:
business incubators, manufacturers’
associations, technology parks, technopolises:
“innovation block”
Subjects of small and medium business
PJSC Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works (PJSC NLMK) OJSC Studenovsk Joint- Stock Mining Company (JSC STAGDOK) JSC Indesit International LLC LPO
“Electroapparat”
– Lipetsk branch of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher professional education “Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation”;
– Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G.
Razumovsky” in Lipetsk;
Sodruzhestvo business incubator business incubators (Yelets, Chaplygin, Lipetsk, Dobrink, Terbuny, Usman and Khlevny);
information and consultation centers in municipalities;
Small and Medium Business Support Fund;
Center for Innovative Youth Creativity;
Regional engineering center;
Regional integrated center based on the Lipetsk Chamber of Commerce and Industry;
Industrial Technopark
“Millennium”;
MBU “Technopark—
Lipetsk”;
Industrial technopark
“Sokol.”
LLC “ABB ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT,”
AVION LLC, LLC “AUTONOE”
ALTAIR LLC, ART- PRINT LLC, LLC “BEKART LIPETSK,”
BIPLAST LLC, BS Processing LLC, LLC “Lipetsk Machine Tool Enterprise,”
Lipetsk Experimental Plant “Gidromash”
LLC (LOEZ
“Gidromash” LLC), CJSC Lipetsk Machine Tool Plant Vozrozhdenie, JSC “Polymer,”
etc.
136
Table 3. Continued
Tsertseil Juliya Sergeevna
State programs for the metallurgical and machine- building industries, the implementation of cluster policy, innovative development strategies, etc.
Special economic zone of industrial- production type (SEZ IPT) “Lipetsk” was created in accordance with the Federal Law “On Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation” dated July 22, 2005, № 116- FZ
Participant group 1 Participant group 2 Participant group 3 Participant group 4 – Lipetsk branch
of the Federal State Educational Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education “Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation”;
– Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Lipetsk State Technical University.”
Source: Compiled by the author based on data posted on the official websites of companies: http://
adm lip.ru/ econ omy/ indus try/ pro mysh lenn ost/ perec hen- predp riya tiy- prom yshl enno sti- lipets koy- obla sti/ , http:// vuz.edu netw ork.ru, https:// map.clus ter.hse.ru/ clus ter/ 385
The dynamics of profitability indicators of medium- sized enterprises of the Lipetsk region, operating in the field of mechanical engineering, is shown in Figures 1– 3.
137 Clustering of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
0.42
0.317 0.360 0.374 0.380
0.015 0.14
-0.14 -0.13 -0.400
-0.200 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200
2,010 2,011 2,015 2,016 2,017 2,018 2,019 2020 2021
Aggregate profitability indicators of gross profit of medium- sized enterprises of the Lipetsk region, shares of units.
Figure 1. Dynamics of gross profitability indicators of medium- sized enterprises of the Lipetsk region, employed in the engineering industry, for the period 2010– 2021, shares of units
Source: Compiled by the author based on data posted on the official website https:// www.list- org.com
0.20 0.32
0.16 0.14
-0.14 -0.13 0.40
0.106 0.07
0.054 0.00 0.00
0.26 0.27 0.32
0.16 0.25
0.12 0.16
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
2,010 2,011 2,012 2,013 2,014 2,015 2,016 2,017 2,018 2,019 2,020 2,021
Cumulative indicators of profitability of operating profit of medium-sized enterprises of the Lipetsk region, shares of units.
Figure 2. Dynamics of indicators of profitability of operating profit of medium- sized enterprises of the Lipetsk region for the period 2010– 2021, shares of units
Source: Compiled by the author based on data posted on the official website https:// www.list- org.com
Tsertseil Juliya Sergeevna 138
0.24
0.17
-0.14 -0.13 -0.05
-0.200 -0.100 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400
2,010 2,011 2,012 2,015 2,016 2,017 2,018 2,019 2020 2021 Aggregate indicators of profitability and profit before tax of
medium-sized enterprises of the Lipetsk region, shares
Figure 3. Dynamics of indicators of profitability and profit before taxation of medium- sized enterprises of the Lipetsk region operating in the engineering industry for the period 2010– 2021, shares of units
Source: Compiled by the author based on data posted on the official website https:// www.list- org.com
According to the data in Figures 1– 3, there is a progressive decrease in the value of profitability of profits of medium- sized enterprises.
The dynamics of the indicator of profitability of operating profit of small enterprises in the Lipetsk region for the period 2010– 2021, operating in the engineering industry, is shown in Figure 4.
139 Clustering of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
0.256
0.192 0.182
0.35
-0.35
0.66
0.274
- 0.369 - 0.196 0.148
-0.226
0.217
0.059 0.098
-0.600 -0.400 -0.200 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800
2,010 2,011 2,012 2,013 2,014 2,015 2,016 2,017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Cumulative indicators of profitability of operating profit of small enterprises in the Lipetsk region, machine-building industry,
shares
Figure 4. Dynamics of indicators of profitability of operating profit of small enterprises in the engineering industry operating in the Lipetsk region for the period 2010– 2021, shares of units
Source: Compiled by the author based on data posted on the official website https:// www.list- org.com
According to Figure 4, the operating profit margin of small enterprises in the Lipetsk region operating in the engineering industry did not exceed 18.2 % in 2021.