CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
B. Discussions
After presenting the analysis results, including the percentage of students‟ difficulties. This section then presented the discussion based on the findings of the study. It concerned about students‟ difficulties on elliptical construction and what the factors that influences the students‟
difficulties on elliptical construction.
1. The students’ Difficulties in Using Positive and Negative Elliptical Construction
The result of the test was unsatisfactory. There was still difficulty of the third semester of English Department of Muhammadiyah University in academic year 2020/2021 in using elliptical construction need to be increased. These findings used in planning the teaching learning process much better than before. In this case the students need more example and more exercise to able in using elliptical construction especially positive elliptical and negative elliptical construction. They must be able to understand and apply it in their daily life. Because there was 76% as classified as students‟ difficulty of 30 students as the result of the grammar test where the incorrect answers of the students were higher than the correct answer. In the previous research by Syofiah (2016) was found 46, 5% with low category in difficulty in sing elliptical construction in sentences.
Kuswidyastutik (2003) said that someone understanding of a thing can be measured by whether or not he was in answering questions related to it and the difficulty can be seen from the mistakes he did while
working on the questions. Therefore, the students‟ difficulties in using positive and negative elliptical construction could be seen from the figure 4 that the positive elliptical around 75% frequency of incorrect answer. It indicated they were still low mastering of positive elliptical in sentence. It meant that the students were in difficult level in using elliptical construction specially to be applied in sentences. In other hand, the second part namely negative elliptical construction could be seen that the students in moderate level because there is 63% frequency of the students‟ in answering negative elliptical construction. It means the students are in moderate level which is the difficulties that the students were still in the middle or in standard level. Additionally, Dekeyser (1996) consider grammatical difficulty in relation to comprehension and production: 1) Comprehension; how people understand spoken and written language, 2) Production; how people Produce language. The following examples showed a clear explanation about the students‟
difficulties to finish fifty questions test about elliptical construction.
Question Part A No.7
Jessica‟s mother cannot speak English well,…they answered the multiple question by my mother doesn‟t too where as meaning is correct but in rules of elliptical construction is incorrect because it should be answered and my mother cannot either. The use of either is used in negative sentence where the meaning of the question is negative so that it uses either/neither.
Question Part B No. 1
Nadia doesn‟t war head band and Nadia….Almost of them answered Neither. The structure of elliptical construction „Nadia‟ as a subject so that „Neither‟ cannot be placed after it. Neither is incorrect answer for the sentence. The correct answer is „Either„ because can be placed after subject where Nadia doesn‟t war head band and Nadia doesn‟t either.
Question Part C No. 9
Everyone won‟t care about me. She won‟t care about me, the students answered by combining sentence but they did not combine the sentence perfectly because they ignored about the connector of sentence „and‟.
Besides, almost of them did combine the sentence above by adding „too‟
without omission so that result of combining is incorrectly. The students should answer by combining where there is an omission part of the sentence include addition word of elliptical that relates the kind of the sentence. It should be „Everyone won‟t care about me and she won‟t either‟ as correct answer.
In the other research such as from Astuti et al (2019) in their research found that the students‟ difficulties that faced by the students on elliptical construction as difficulties of using elliptical connector, difficulties of using auxiliary on elliptical sentence and difficulties of Omission the Auxiliary. The similarity of this research from Dewi et al (2017) where
they got students‟ error of omission caused of incomplete application of rule and lees of knowledge of elliptical construction. Comparing from the previous research, in this research the researcher had found several difficulties of the students‟ they area:
1. The students did not know the placement too, so, either and neither in a sentence. It means the students were not able to identify positive and negative sentence as like the question number seven (7). These mistakes commonly happened caused less of knowledge or even the students had different skill between spoken and written form to produce word or sentence.
2. The students do not know the different between too, so, either and neither so that there were many incorrect in the test. And the students also got the difficulties in using elliptical construction be applied in sentence. It caused they still did not know the formula.
3. The researcher also found that the student difficult to recognize the place of auxiliary in elliptical sentence but researcher only focused in positive and negative elliptical
2. The Factors that Influence Students’ Difficulties in Using Elliptical Construction in Writing Sentence
In this part the researcher did analysis was done through test and interview where the test result was telling the difficulties from the mistakes and then the researcher did interview. It reinforced by interview to know what influenced difficulty so that they made the
mistakes. As comparison, at previous research was done Ameliani (2019) found the factors that contributed toward students‟ difficulties were negative inter language and intra lingual transfers in the forms of adverb interference, copulative verb interference, words order interference, tense form interference, over generalization, ignorance of rule restriction and incomplete application of rules. The same research was also done by Ariani et al (2017) found the reason students unable to use elliptical construction that was most of the students have lack interest about the way lecturer conduct elliptical construction. Then, Hermayawati (2010) found the difficulties came of being forced, low mastery on the basic and having less chance to practice. Based on the previous research, researcher tried to relate to some difficulties that students had been doing in the test and interviewed which was analyzed Deykeyser (2005) described grammar difficulty to three factors they were problems of meaning, problem of form and problems of form meaning mapping.
1. Problems of meaning: students answered the question the question about elliptical construction where they should understand the meaning of the sentence. For example:
„Jessica‟s mother cannot speak English well and my mother doesn‟t too‟. In this sentence the students are influenced by their native language of the meaning of this sentence may sound better if it uses „too‟ where the correct sentence should
„Jessica‟s mother cannot speak English well and my mother cannot either „
2. Problem of form: the students should approximate auxiliary
„didn‟t‟ where the students write mistake by using „too‟ instead of „so‟. The correct sentence is „oliver didn‟t tell anything to me last night and neither did cristine‟. In this sentence the students make mistake about the composition in the sentence is not clear and also wrong to determine the sentence positive using too, so and negative sentence using either, neither.
3. Problem of form meaning mapping: the students ignored the rules of elliptical construction that in positive sentence the connector to be used „so or too‟ and it is not „either‟. If the students use connector „so‟, they should put before auxiliary and „too‟ should put after auxiliary. So the correct sentence of question B number 13 is „he has been so reckless all of this life and she has been too „.
Based on three factors above, the researcher found among of the students got difficult in several part of elliptical construction such as in using auxiliaries do, does, did and in using elliptical connector too, so, either, and neither where they still confused of using those connector specially too and so where almost of them made mistake in the sentence. Through grammar test result, researcher analyzed the way of the students gave answer and
interview result. So that the researcher conclude that almost of the students difficult of meaning mapping where they often ignored the rules of elliptical construction. In this case was about the formula of elliptical construction which was as reason of the difficulties.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusions
Considering the data analysis and the discussions in the previous chapter, the researcher puts forward the following conclusions:
1. In elliptical construction, students still difficult to determine positive and negative that approximates with the formula. It is proven by the result of the test where there are 75% students still difficult to determine positive elliptical such as “too” and “so”. There are 63% in the middle level of difficult in determining negative sentence such as “neither”. In other hand, there are two types of difficulties that relate the result of the test is they did mistakes in elliptical connector and omission.
2. There are three factors that influence the difficulties; they are problem of meaning, problem of form and problem of form meaning mapping.
B. Suggestions
Based on the conclusion above, the researcher proposes the following suggestions:
1. In learning, the students need to do more exercise and examples especially in using too, so, either and neither.
2. The lecturer needs to upgrade their method in teaching specially in teaching grammar so that the student can be easily to understand the material in learning English process.
3. For the next researcher, they can use this writing as the reference and make the better research about students‟ difficulties with the other topics.
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A P P E N D I C
E
S
APPENDIX A
Instrument I Name:
Class:
NIM:
Question Part A
English Grammar Test
This test is to find out the difficulties and the factors that influence you in learning English Elliptical Construction (so, too, either and neither) as part of Grammar subject. It will not influence the academic scores and will guaranty the confidentiality. Therefore you are asked to provide the answer so that it is obtained good result. Complete the sentence below.
1. Sue: I didn‟t enjoy the movie last night Bob: Neither did I
Write the meaning of the dialog above, ……
2. His shop was burn down ……. His car that was parked nearby 3. A: they have a coffee break, what about you?
B: Really? I think they have not had any and …….
4. Lolita never uses a dictionary when the Spanish program begins and …..
5. All living creatures in this universe need air and water to sustain their life and
……
6. The economic background of labor legislation will not be mentioned in this course, …… be treated
7. Jessica‟s mother cannot speak English well, ….
8. Fernanda didn‟t sign the contract offered by Gaylang Fc, and….
9. Yanti didn‟t like the movie and Tati didn‟t either.
Write meaning of the sentence above, ……
10. The camping ground where we camped last weekend …. had a facility for cock climbing practice
11. Neither the hotel facilities ……… stay for guest.
12. You can apply for scholarship to the British Embassy neither at beginning or at the end of the semester
Correct the sentence above is……..
13. I can‟t speak English Language. You can‟t speak English language
I can speak English and …..
14. Mrs Citra is really kind. Mrs. Rulin is really kind.
Mrs. Citra is really kind and …….
15. Kris does not have a pen. Kris does not have a paper.
The two sentences can be combined into elliptical sentence 16. Ridwan believes that advertisement on TV are most affective
“……….”
17. I haven‟t heard anything from Leni „…….‟, 18. Budi: Exactly I have and you?
Reza: I have ….
Complete the dialogue above
19. I don‟t like his way of treating patients‟ ……….. his attitude toward subordinate 20. Because of the rain, the teacher couldn‟t come in time and ……..
KEY ANSWER
1. Both Sue and Bob didn‟t enjoy the movie last night 2. And so was
3. I didn‟t either 4. Neither does Vicky 5. So do crustacean
6. Neither will trade unionism 7. And my mother cannot either 8. Neither did Rommy and Firdaus 9. Yanati and Tati didn‟t like the move 10. Neither
11. Nor it service
12. Or at the end of the semter 13. You can either
14. So is Mrs Rulin
15. Kris has neither a pen nor paper 16. So do I
17. Neither have I
18. They have completed their homework 19. Neither do like
20. I couldn‟t either
Name:
Class:
Nim:
Question Part B
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words of so, too, either and neither 1. Navia doesn‟t war head band and Nadia ………
2. I don‟t sleep on the sofa and ………… does my friend
3. Mr Morgan gave charity for floods victims and …….. did Mr Richard 4. Patricia haven‟t gotten job yet and …….. have Patrick
5. Mita was in the participle office one hour ago and …….. was I 6. Everybody celebrated the independent day and I did ………
7. Oliver didn‟t tell anything to me last night and ……. Did cristine 8. I haven‟t look for a new job lately and ……. has my friend
9. Riqnan doesn‟t have a way out for this situation and I …….. either 10. She will go to the library tomorrow and her classmate will ……..
11. Astrid won‟t come to visit us and Alice won‟t ………..
12. Erick ……… the students council and do I
13. He has been so reckless all of his life and she has been ……
14. Mumu didn‟t know about my problems and Adi didn‟t …….
15. Jenny doesn‟t want you to her partner and ……….. do I
The Key Answer 1. Doesn‟t either
2. Neither 3. So 4. Neither 5. So 6. Neither 7. Too 8. Neither 9. Don‟t 10. Too
11. Won‟t either 12. Neither 13. Too
14. Didn‟t either 15. Neither
Name:
Class:
Nim:
Question Part C
Combine the following these sentence into affirmative or negative by using So, Too, Either and Neither that approximately Elliptical Construction grammar
1. I knew where they live. We knew where they live
……….
2. We rarely speak English in the class. They rarely speak in English in class.
...
3. The tiger run after you. The lion will run after you
………..
4. Bon Jovi won‟t sing in my birthday party. Ariel won‟t sing in my birthday party ...
5. I put many books in my cupboard. My sister puts many books in her cupboard
………
6. I am never absent here. He never absent here
………
7. I have told you why she cried. He has told you why she cried
………..
8. Superman doesn‟t help the old woman. Batman doesn‟t help the old woman
……….
9. Everyone won‟t care about me. She won‟t care about me.
………
10. I will try to finish my job on time. They won‟t try to finish their job on time
………
11. I‟ll never believe that you are bad. They‟ll believe that you are bad
………..