CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
B. Discussions
connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction are presented below based on the analysis result.
1) The Kinds of error in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase.
In this section, the discussion is the students’ errors in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. Some errors that the students committed in this case are presented as follows.
a. Omission Errors
There were 10 omission errors in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. They were discussed in detail as follows:
1) Omission transition phrases “first”
a) I spent my time to do a lot activities from college to my home. * at the morning I did my presentations assignment with my partner, she was Nurhidayah. It took 3 hour. And then we went to the campus for joining lecture.
It should be:
I spent my time to do a lot activities from college to my home. First, at the morning I did my presentations assignment with my partner, she was Nurhidayah. It took 3 hour. And then we went to the campus for joining lecture.
2) Omission transition phrases“next”
a) We swam there for more than one hour. We felt so tired that we decided to eat the foods that we had brought. * my boyfriend and I created a very big sand castle, while my sister continued swimming.
It should be:
We swam there for more than one hour. We felt so tired that we decided to eat the foods that we had brought. Next, my boyfriend and I created a very big sand castle, while my sister continued swimming.
3) Omission transition phrases “then”
a) We looked around in that Zoo, and also took pictures of those animals.
* we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant.
It should be:
We looked around in that Zoo, and also took pictures of those animals.
Then we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant.
b) We paid our bills. * we went home.
It should be:
We paid our bills. Then, we went home.
c) The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. * they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.
It should be:
The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then, they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.
d) The corpse was placed in a sandal coffin. * it was brought out of the house.
It should be:
The corpse was placed in a sandal coffin. Then, it was brought out of the house.
e) It was still morning, I saw a sun rise which was so beautiful. * we were drove to the hotel to take a rest and had meals.
It should be:
It was still morning, I saw a sun rise which was so beautiful. Then we were drove to the hotel to take a rest and had meals.
4) Omission transition phrases “ finally”
a) I persuade my father to tach me to ride “Honda 75”. Firstly, my father refused my request and promised that he would teach me two or three later, but I still whimpered. * my father surrendered and promised to teach me.
It should be:
I persuade my father to tach me to ride “Honda 75”. Firstly, my father refused my request and promised that he would teach me two or three later, but I still whimpered. Finally, my father surrendered and promised to teach me.
b) It was followed by great shouting and excitement from the relatives and the guest. * we installed the wooden puppet on a high balcony.
It should be:
It was followed by great shouting and excitement from the relatives and the guest. Finally, we installed the wooden puppet on a high balcony.
Errors of the ten sentences above is kinds of omission errors in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. The sentences above showed that some students made omission error in the use of sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. The student absence of an item that must appear in a well-formed utterance. In the use of sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase, the omission errors is the first of the most dominant error with 10 times of appearance or 83.34%.
b. Addition Errors
There were 1 addition errors in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. They were discussed in detail as follows:
1) Addition transition phrases “finally”
a) I ask my boyfriend Kiki to join us going to the beach. He agreed to join and he came to my house. *Finally, after that we went to the beach.
It should be:
I ask my boyfriend Kiki to join us going to the beach. He agreed to join and he came to my house. After that, we went to the beach.
Errors of the one sentences above is kind of addition errors in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. The sentences above showed that some students made addition error in the use of sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. The student presence of an item, which must not
appear in a well-formed utterance. In the use of sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase, the addition errors is the second of the most dominant error with 1 times of appearance or 8.33 %.
c. Misformation Errors
The error of misformation or a wrong placement of morpheme or a group of morphemes in an utterance. Where there is no error were found misformation error in the use of sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase.
d. Misordering Errors
There were 1 misordering errors in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. They were discussed in detail as follows:
1) Miss-ordering transition phrases “next”
a) There were snake, turtles, etc. the scenery was so beautiful because I was in the middle of sea. We went to Garuda Wisnu Kencana Hotel
*next.
It should be:
There were snake, turtles, etc. the scenery was so beautiful because I was in the middle of sea. Next, we went to Garuda Wisnu Kencana Hotel.
Errors of the one sentences above is kind of misordering errors in using sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase. The sentences above showed that some students made misordering or a wrong placement of morpheme or a group of morphemes in an utterance. In the use of sentence
connectors in terms of transition phrase, the misordering errors also is the second of the most dominant error with 1 times of appearance or 8.33 %.
2) The Kinds and the Frequency or Percentage of error in Using Clause Connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction.
In this section, the discussion is the students’ errors in using clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction.
Some errors that the students committed in this case are presented as follows.
a. Omission Errors in Coordinating Conjunction and Subordinating conjunction
There were 25 omission errors in using coordinating conjunction.
They was discussed in detail as follows:
1) Omission coordinating conjunction “and”
a) The house has a big garden with colorful flower * a small poll.
It should be:
The house has a big garden with colorful flower and a small poll b) After that, we took a rest * had lunch under a big tree.
It should be:
After that, we took a rest and had lunch under a big tree.
c) All ran fluently in the beginning, but when I was going back to my home * I must passed through a narrow slippery street.
It should be:
All ran fluently in the beginning, but when I was going back to my home and I must passed through a narrow slippery street.
d) That was very exhausting day, but I felt so happy that I could have a vacation with my sister * my boyfriend.
It should be:
That was very exhausting day, but I felt so happy that I could have a vacation with my sister and my boyfriend.
e) My aunt, my niece, my uncle * some of my cousins.
It should be:
My aunt, my niece, my uncle and some of my cousins.
f) We saw their travel agent * booked their tickets.
It should be:
We saw their travel agent and booked their and tickets.
g) We arrived at Pangandaran beach at 02: 00 p.m. * we straight to move to the beach.
It should be:
We arrived at Pangandaran beach at 02: 00 p.m. we straight to move to the beach.
h) Started by exploring the beach * the sea using rented boat.
It should be:
Started by exploring the beach and the sea using rented boat.
i) The funeral ceremonies made my family * me tired.
It should be:
The funeral ceremonies made my family and me tired.
2) Omission coordinating conjunction “but”
a) The places made me feel at home * I have to go home.
It should be:
The places made me feel at home but I have to go home.
b) They checked the document carefully * their manners were very polite.
It should be:
They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite.
3) Omission coordinating conjunction “for”
a) Last Monday was busy day * me.
It should be:
Last Monday was busy day for me.
b) The room had its own bathroom and toilet instead of key * the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door.
It should be:
The room had its own bathroom and toilet instead of key for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door.
4) Omission coordinating conjunction “so”
a) One day later, when I was alone at home, I intended to try my riding ability. * myself tried briefly.
It should be:
One day later, when I was alone at home, I intended to try my riding ability. So, myself tried briefly.
b) All procedures were * new to me.
It should be:
All procedures were so new to me.
5) Omission subordinatingconjunction “while”
a) Rini suggested me to go home soon * she was entering the bus.
It should be:
Rini suggested me to go home soon while she was entering the bus.
6) Omission subordinatingconjunction “until”
a) I could not guess what I felt. The bus walked so fast * in Cikampek.
It should be:
I could not guess what I felt. The bus walked so fast until in Cikampek.
7) Omission subordinatingconjunction “because”
a) When we returned home we were tired but happy * we had so much fun.
It should be:
When we returned home we were tired but happy because we had so much fun.
b) However, we were grateful * it ran smoothly.
It should be:
However, we were grateful because it ran smoothly.
c) In Tegal bus station, a man in the bus asked me go out from the bus * that bus would bus come to Bandung, not Jakarta ones.
It should be:
In Tegal bus station, a man in the bus asked me go out from the bus because that bus would bus come to Bandung, not Jakarta ones.
d) Although it took a lot of my energy, I felt so happy * I spent all of my time with my friends.
It should be:
Although it took a lot of my energy, I felt so happy because I spent all of my time with my friends
e) No one went for work or school * the land had been covered by flood.
It should be:
No one went for work or school because the land had been covered by flood.
8) Omission subordinatingconjunction “after”
a) * getting the food we went to the nocturnal house where we saw birds and reptiles which only come out at night.
It should be:
After getting the food we went to the nocturnal house where we saw birds and reptiles which only come out at night)
b) I had to get up early morning helping my mother, of course * I prayed.
It should be:
I had to get up early morning helping my mother, of course after I prayed
9) Omission subordinatingconjunction “before”
a) * we got home, we went to the Zoo at Wonokromo.
It should be:
Before we got home, we went to the Zoo at Wonokromo.
Errors of the twenty five sentences above is kinds of omission errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The sentences above showed that some students made omission error in the use of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The student absence of an item that must appear in a well- formed utterance. In the use of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction, the omission errors is the first of the most dominant error with 25 times of appearance or 78.12%.
b. Addition Errors
There were 2 addition errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. They were discussed in detail as follows:
1) Addition coordinating conjunction “for”
a) There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decide *for to join the tours to sea as much as possible.
It should be:
There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to sea as much as possible.
2) Addition subordinatingconjunction “while”
a) There were some slight flurries of snow *while during the days that I visited there.
It should be:
There were some slight flurries of snow during the days that I visited there.
Errors of the two sentences above is kinds of addition errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The sentences above showed that some students made addition error in the use of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction.
The student presence of an item, which must not appear in a well-formed utterance. In the use of the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction., the addition errors is the last of the most dominant error with 2 times of appearance or 6.25%.
c. Misformation Errors
There were 3 misformation errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. They were discussed in detail as follows:
1) Miss-formation coordinating conjunction “but”it should be“and”
a) I ordered gudeg, while my boyfriend *but my sister ordered rames rice.
It should be:
I ordered gudeg, while my boyfriend and my sister ordered rames rice.
2) Miss-formation coordinating conjunction “so”it should be“but”
a) Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousand people. it is a busy *so quiet town.
It should be:
Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousand people. it is a busy but quiet town.
3) Misformation subordinating conjunction “until”it should be“ to”
a) The tour to Pangandaran beach began at 09: 00 a.m. in the morning and it took 5 hours riding *until Pangandaran.
It should be:
The tour to Pangandaran beach began at 09: 00 a.m. in the morning and it took 5 hours riding to Pangandaran.
Errors of the three sentences above is kinds of misformation errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. Some students made misformation error in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The student used the wrong form of the morpheme, structure, the use of regular and irregular or the class of word. In the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction, the misformation errors is the second of the most dominant error with 3 times of appearance or 9.38%.
d. Misordering Errors
There were 2 misordering errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. They were discussed in detail as follows:
1) Misordering coordinating conjunction “and”
a) One the last day, the grandpa’s coffin were lowered from the funeral tower brought *and up to the mountain side family graveyard.
It should be:
One the last day, the grandpa’s coffin were lowered from the funeral tower and brought up to the mountain side family graveyard.
2) Misordering subordinatingconjunction “until”
a) I felt so happy because my planning would be happen. I just pay money and got the bus. Everything was gone be alright the bus *until came to Tegal.
It should be:
I felt so happy because my planning would be happen. I just pay money and got the bus. Everything was gone be alright until the bus came to Tegal.
Errors of the two sentences above is kinds of misordering errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. Some students made misordering error in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The students errors of misordering or a wrong placement of
morpheme or a group of morphemes in an utterance. In the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction, the misordering errors also is the last of the most dominant error with 2 times of appearance or 6.25%.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Considering the data analysis, research findings, and discussions in the previous chapter, the researcher gives an illustrations of some conclusions concerning with the errors in the use of sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase and clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction in writing a paragraph made by the third year students of SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Makassar.
The result of the study shows that there are several kinds of errors in the use of and clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction or subordinating conjunction as follows:
1. The kinds and the frequency or percentage of errors in the use of sentence connectors in terms of transition phrase in writing a paragraph are made by the third year students of SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Makassar base on the result of writing test as follows:
a. The errors of omission occupied the first place of the most dominant errors with 10 times of appearances or 83.34%.
b. The errors of addition occupied the second place of the most dominant errors with 1 times of appearances or 8.33%.
c. The errors of misformation is the minimum errors with no error or 0 %.
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d. The errors of misordering is also the second dominant errors with 1 times of appearances or 8.33%.
2. The kinds and the frequency or percentage of errors in the use of clause connectors in terms of coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction in writing a paragraph are made by the third year students of SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Makassar base on the result of writing test as follows:
a. The errors of omission is the first dominant errors with 25 times of appearances or 78.12%.
b. The errors of addition is the minimum errors with 2 times of appearances or 6.25 %.
c. The errors of misformation occupied the second place of the dominant errors, with 3 times of appearances or 9.38%.
d. The errors of misordering is the minimum errors with 2 times of appearances or 6.25 %.
B. Suggestion
Base on the result of this research, the researcher offers some suggestions are as follows:
1. The students should pay more attention on their study of grammar, especially sentence connectors and clause connectors, the different between sentence connectors and clause connectors, how to formulate it, always practice to use sentence connectors and clause connectors by writing a paragraph.
2. Teacher could apply a method where he/she explains the correct uses of sentence connectors and clause connectors, gives examples of the usage, and tests the students understanding which will make sure that the students really understand it.
3. For the next researcher, it is suggestion to conduct further research to see what the appropriate method in improving students’ grammatical in using transition signal (sentence connectors and clause connectors).