CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
B. Suggestions
Base on the result of this research, the researcher offers some suggestions are as follows:
1. The students should pay more attention on their study of grammar, especially sentence connectors and clause connectors, the different between sentence connectors and clause connectors, how to formulate it, always practice to use sentence connectors and clause connectors by writing a paragraph.
2. Teacher could apply a method where he/she explains the correct uses of sentence connectors and clause connectors, gives examples of the usage, and tests the students understanding which will make sure that the students really understand it.
3. For the next researcher, it is suggestion to conduct further research to see what the appropriate method in improving students’ grammatical in using transition signal (sentence connectors and clause connectors).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1992. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek.
Jakarta:Bina Aksara.
Axelrod, Rise B & Cooper, Charles Raymand. 1985. Instructor's Resource Manual for The St. Martin's Guide to Writing, and the St. Martin's Guide to Writing, Short Ed
Barnet, Sylvan & Stubbs, Marcia. 1983. Practical Guide to Writing. Third Addition.
Bridges, Charles W & Lunsford , Ronald F. 1948. Writing Discovering Form and Meaning. Belmond, California: Wadsword.
Brumfit, Christoper. 1989. English for International Communication. Oxford:
Pergamon Press Ltd.
Corder, S.P. 1981. Error Analysis and Language. London. Oxford University Press.
Dalle, Muhammad Basri. Fundamentals of Research Methodology. Makassar:
Unismuh.
Dulay, H., Burt, M. & Krashen S. 1982. Language Two, Oxford: Oxford.
Gay, L.R.2006.Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Application.
Eight Edition Columbus: Merril Publishing.
Harmer, James. 2001. The Practice of Language Teaching. London: Longman.
Hornby, As. 1955. Guide to Pattern and Usage in English. The English Language Book Society. Oxford University Press.
James, C 1998. Errors in Language Learning and Use. London: Longman.
Norrish, J . 1983. Language Learners and Their Errors. London: Macmilan Press.
Oshima A and Hogue A. 1998. Writing Academic English. Third Addition.
Oshima A and Hogue A. 1997. Writing Academic English. Second Addition.
Wishon, George E & Burks, Julia M. 1980.Let’s Write English. New York. Litton Educational Publishing.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
WRITING TEST
Personal experience Memorable journey Family
First day at new school or college Friendship
Choose one of the topic above and write down a recount text which involve transition signal (Minimal 3 paragraphs)!
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Name : Reg. : Class :
APPENDIX B
LIST OF SAMPLE
THE THIRD YEAR STUDENTS OF SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 4 MAKASSAR
(SUBJECT OF THE RESEARCH)
CLASS NAME
STUDENTS’
CODE
XII IPA
Sherly S.1
Sandy Saputra R S.2
Rudy Harianto S.3
Rahmat S.4
Muh. Akbar S.5
Gabriansyah S.6
Muh. Nur Resky R S.7
Rosita Rahman S.8
Graze J S.9
Hindra Jaya Hasanuddin S.10
Muh. Fadli S.11
Yasin Ali S.12
M. Reza Firdaus S.13
Sulaeha S.14
XII IPS
Ramadhani K S. 1
Andriadi S. 2
Nur Cahyanti S.3
Riani S.4
Ismayanti S.5
Rafli Nur S.6
Muh. Abdul Khalik S.7
Muh. Iqra’ S.8
Marwan S.9
APPENDIX C
IDENTIFICATION OF ERRORS Errors in Using‘Sentence Connector’
Students’
Code
Transition
Pharases Wrong Sentences
S.3 Finally * my father surrendered and promised to teach me.
S.4 Then * we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant.
S.5
Next Finally
Then
* my boyfriend and I created a very big castle, while my sister continued swimming.
*Finally, after that we went to the beach.
* we went home.
S.7 First * at the morning, I did my presentations assignment with my partner,she was Nurhidayah.
S.13 Then * they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.
S.17
First Then Finally
* we slaughtered the pig and buffaloes, and then move the corpse to face north.
* it was brought out of the house.
* we installed the wooden puppet on a high balcony.
S.19 Then
Next
* we were drove to the hotel to take a rest and had meals.
We went to Garuda Wisnu Kencana Hotel *next.
IDENTIFICATION OF ERRORS Errors in Using‘Clause Connectors’
Students’
Code
Coordinating
Conjunction Wrong Sentences
S.1 And
The house has a big garden with colorful flower * a small poll.
After that, we took a rest * had lunch under a big tree.
S.3
So And
* my self tried briefly.
All ran fluently in the beginning, but when I was going back to my home * I must passed through a narrow slippery street.
S.5 And
That was very exhausting day, but I felt so happy that I could have a vacation with my sister * my boyfriend.
While my boyfriend *but my sister ordered rames rice.
S.7 For
And
Last Monday was busy day * me.
My aunt, my niece, my uncle * some of my cousins.
S.11 So All procedures were * new to me.
S.12 But The places made me feel at home * I have to go home.
S.13
For So
There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decide *for to join the tours to sea as much as possible.
Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousand people. it is a busy
*so quiet town.
S.15
And But For But
We saw their travel agent * booked their tickets.
They checked the document carefully * their manners were very polite.
The room had its own bathroom and toilet instead of key * the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door.
Were quite tired * we felt very happy.
S.16 And We arrived at Pangandaran beach at 02: 00 p.m. * we straight to move to the beach.
Started by exploring the beach * the sea using rented boat.
S.17 And
The funeral ceremonies made my family * me tired.
One the last day, the grandpa’s coffin were lowered from the funeral tower brought *and up to the mountain side family graveyard.
S.19 And I learned something about nature * human products.
Students’
Code
Subordinating
Conjunction Wrong Sentence
S.2
After Because
* getting the food we went to the nocturnal house where we saw birds and reptiles which only come out at night.
When we returned home we were tired but happy * we had so much fun.
S.10 Before * we got home, we went to the Zoo at Wonokromo.
S.11 While There were some slight flurries of snow *while during the days that I visited there.
S.16 Until The tour to Pangandaran beach began at 09: 00 a.m. in the morning and it took 5 hours riding *until Pangandaran.
S.17 Because However, we were grateful * it ran smoothly.
S.18
Because
Until
In Tegal bus station, a man in the bus asked me go out from the bus * that bust would bus come to Bandung, not Jakarta ones.
I could not guess what I felt. The bus walked so fast * in Cikampek.
Everything was gone be alright the bus *until came to Tegal.
S.19 Because Although it took a lot of my energy, I felt so happy * I spent all of my time with my friends.
S.22
Because After
On April 16th, 2010, I thought this would be great holiday for me * that was the mother birthday.
I had to get up early morning helping my mother, of course *
I prayed.
S.23
While Because
Rini suggested me to go home soon * she was entering the bus.
No one went for work or school * the land had been covered by flood.
APPENDIX D
CLASSIFICATION OF ERRORS Errors in Using‘Sentence Connectors’
Kinds of Errors
Students’
code Wrong Sentences
Omission S.3 * my father surrendered and promised to teach me.
(Finally, my father surrendered and promised to teach me)
S.4 * we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant.
(Then we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant)
S.5
* my boyfriend and I created a very big sand castle, while my sister continued swimming.
(Next, my boyfriend and I created a very big sand castle, while my sister continued swimming)
After finished eating, we paid our bills. * we went home.
(After finished eating, we paid our bills. Then we went home)
S.7 * at the morning, I did my presentations assignment with my partner, she was Nurhidayah.
(First, at the morning, I did my presentations assignment with my partner, she was Nurhidayah) S.13 * they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.
(Then they returned very late in the evening to Kuta)
S.17
* we slaughtered the pig and buffaloes, and then moved the corpse to face north.
(First, we slaughtered the pig and buffaloes, and then moved the corpse to face north)
* it was brought out of the house.
(Then, it was brought out of the house)
* we installed the wooden puppet on a high balcony.
(Finally, we installed the wooden puppet on a high balcony)
S.19
* we were drove to the hotel to take a rest and had meals.
(Then we were drove to the hotel to take a rest and had meals)
Addition S.5 * Finally, after that we went to the beach.
(After that, we went to the beach)
Miss-ordering S.19 We went to Garuda Wisnu Kencana Hotel *next.
(Next, we went to Garuda Wisnu Kencana Hotel)
Errors in Using‘Clause Connectors in Terms of Coordinating Conjunction’
Kinds of Errors
Students’
code Wrong Sentences
Omission S.1 The house has a big garden with colorful flower * a small poll.
(The house has a big garden with colorful flower and a small poll)
After that, we took a rest * had lunch under a big tree.
(After that, we took a rest and had lunch under a big tree)
S.3 * myself tried briefly.
(So, myself tried briefly)
All ran fluently in the beginning, but when I was going back to my home * I must passed through a narrow slippery street.
(All ran fluently in the beginning, but when I was going back to my home and I must passed through a narrow slippery street)
S.5 That was very exhausting day, but I felt so happy that I could have a vacation with my sister * my boyfriend.
(That was very exhausting day, but I felt so happy that I could have a vacation with my sister and my boyfriend)
S.7 Last Monday was busy day * me.
(Last Monday was busy day for me)
My aunt, my niece, my uncle * some of my cousins.
(My aunt, my niece, my uncle and some of my cousins)
S.11 All procedures were * new to me.
(All procedures were so new to me)
S.12 The places made me feel at home * I have to go home.
(The places made me feel at home but I have to go home)
S.15 We saw their travel agent * booked their tickets.
(We saw their travel agent and booked their tickets) They checked the document carefully * their
manners were very polite.
(They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite)
The room had its own bathroom and toilet instead of key * the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door.
(The room had its own bathroom and toilet instead
of key for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door)
Were quite tired * we felt very happy.
(Were quite tired but we felt very happy)
S.16 We arrived at Pangandaran beach at 02: 00 p.m. * we straight to move to the beach.
(We arrived at Pangandaran beach at 02: 00 p.m.
and we straight to move to the beach)
Started by exploring the beach * the sea using rented boat.
(Started by exploring the beach and the sea using rented boat)
S.17 The funeral ceremonies made my family * me tired.
(The funeral ceremonies made my family and me tired)
Addition S.13 There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decide *for to join the tours to sea as much as possible.
(There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decide to join the tours to sea as much as possible)
Miss—
formation
S.5 While my boyfriend *but my sister ordered rames rice.
(While my boyfriend and my sister ordered rames rice)
S.13 Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousand people. it is a busy *so quiet town.
(Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousand people. it is a busy but quiet town)
Miss-ordering S.17 One the last day, the grandpa’s coffin were lowered
from the funeral tower brought *and up to the mountain side family graveyard.
(One the last day, the grandpa’s coffin were lowered from the funeral tower and brought up to the mountain side family graveyard)
Errors in Using‘Clause Connectors in Terms of Subordinating Conjunction’
Kinds of Errors
Students’
code Wrong Sentences
Omission S.2 * getting the food we went to the nocturnal house where we saw birds and reptiles which only come out at night.
(After getting the food we went to the nocturnal house where we saw birds and reptiles which only come out at night)
When we returned home we were tired but happy * we had so much fun.
(When we returned home we were tired but happy because we had so much fun)
S.10 * we got home, we went to the Zoo at Wonokromo.
(Before we got home, we went to the Zoo at Wonokromo)
S.17 However, we were grateful * it ran smoothly.
(However, we were grateful because it ran smoothly)
S.18 In Tegal bus station, a man in the bus asked me go out from the bus * that bus would bus come to Bandung, not Jakarta ones.
(In Tegal bus station, a man in the bus asked me go
out from the bus because that bus would bus come to Bandung, not Jakarta ones)
I could not guess what I felt. The bus walked so fast
* in Cikampek.
(I could not guess what I felt. The bus walked so fast until in Cikampek)
S.19 Although it took a lot of my energy, I felt so happy
* I spent all of my time with my friends.
(Although it took a lot of my energy, I felt so happy because I spent all of my time with my friends) S.22 I had to get up early morning helping my mother, of
course * I prayed.
(I had to get up early morning helping my mother, of course after I prayed)
S.23 Rini suggested me to go home soon * she was entering the bus.
(Rini suggested me to go home soon while she was entering the bus)
No one went for work or school * the land had been covered by flood.
(No one went for work or school because the land had been covered by flood)
Addition
S.11
There were some slight flurries of snow *while during the days that I visited there.
(There were some slight flurries of snow during the days that I visited there.)
Miss-- formation
S.16 The tour to Pangandaran beach began at 09: 00 a.m.
in the morning and it took 5 hours riding *until Pangandaran.
(The tour to Pangandaran beach began at 09: 00 a.m. in the morning and it took 5 hours riding to Pangandaran)
Miss-ordering S.18 Everything was gone be alright the bus *until came to Tegal.
(Everything was gone be alright until the bus came to Tegal)
APPENDIX E
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
A. The use of ‘Sentence Connectors’
1. Errors Percentage in using ‘Sentences Connectors’
Total transition phrase : 26
Total errors : 12
=
x 100 % = 46,15%2. Errors in Using ‘Transition Phrase (Surface strategy taxonomy)
Total Errors : 12
Omission : 10
Addition : 1
Miss-formation : 0
Miss-ordering : 1 Percentage
=
x 100 % Omission : x 100 % = 83,34%
Addition : x 100 % = 8,33%
Miss-formation : x 100 % = 0%
Miss-ordering : x 100 % = 8,33%
B. The use of ‘Clause Connectors’
1. Errors Percentage in using ‘Clause Connectors’
Total clause connectors : 98
Total errors : 32
=
3298x 100 % = 32,65%2. Errors in Using‘Clause Connectors’
Total Errors : 32
Omission : 25
Addition : 2
Miss-formation : 3
Miss-ordering : 2 Percentage
=
x 100 % Omission : x 100 % = 78,12%
Addition : x 100 % = 6,25%
Miss-formation : x 100 % = 9,38%
Miss-ordering : x 100 % = 6,25%