LIST OF TABLES
3. E-Learning
a. Definition of E-Learning
Naidu mentioned that E-Learning is an abbreviation of Electronic Learning. E-Learning contains all of the educational activities that are carried out by personal or groups working online or offline.27 This is a new teaching and learning system that uses information and communication technology.
Indrakusuma and Putri stated that E-Learning is one of the new ways in the learning process and uses electronic media specifically the internet as a learning system. Through E-Learning, the material provided for students could be accessed anytime and anywhere.28 E-Learning has some features that could help students to search for any resources and information easily.
Furthermore, Ally confirmed that E-Learning involved the learners’ use of the internet to access learning material and to obtain to the internet with the content, instructor, and other learners. Then, Khan stated that online learning is delivering instruction to a remote audience using the web as the medium.29
Furthermore, Terry points out that online learning is the use of the internet to access learning material, to interact with the content,
27 Naidu, S, E-Learning: A Guidebook of Principles, Procedures and Practices Revised Edition. (New Delhi: Commonwealth Educational Media Center for Asia, 2006), 39
28 Indrakusuma, A. H., & Putri, A. R., E-Learning: Teori dan Desain. (Tulungagung:
STKIP PGRI Tulungagung, 2016), 45
29. Patricia Roger, Gary Berg et al, Encyclopedia of Distance Learning Second Edition ( New York: Information science Reference, 2009), 580.
instructor, and other learners, and to obtain support during the learning process, to acquire knowledge, to construct personal meaning, and to grow from the learning experience. 30
Based on the explanation from the experts above, it could be concluded that E-Learning is a learning process that involves utilizing electronic media such as the internet. It could facilitate students to get information and knowledge everywhere and anywhere. This is one mode of a learning system that helped teachers and students as the learning process can be carried out without the limitation of time and place.
b. Characteristics of E-Learning
The good utilization of E-Learning could create a student-centered learning environment because E-Learning requires the learner to self- study and construct with their knowledge. This is suitable with the characteristics of E-Learning that was stated by Rudi and Riyana as quoted in Indrakusuma and Putri, there are four characteristics of E- Learning which is explained as follows:
1) The attractiveness of students to learning material is not depending on the learner or instructor, because students construct their knowledge through teaching material delivered by the website.
2) Sources of knowledge can be easily accessed by everyone anytime and everywhere. This is due to the global nature of the media internet can be accessed by anyone who is connected to it.
30 Terry Anderson, The Theory and Practice of Online Learning (Canada: AU PRESS 2004), 17.
3) The educational institution has functioned as mediators/ mentors.
4) Restructuring of educational system policies is required to support the Management and curriculum that is the application of information and communication technology for education optimally.
The characteristics above are what distinguish E-Learning from traditional learning activities. In E-Learning, the attractiveness of students to learning material is not depending on the instructor or learner, the students could construct their knowledge through teaching material delivered through the E-learning application website interface. Then, in E- Learning sources of knowledge and information can be accessed by everyone anytime and anywhere.
c. Benefits of E-Learning
According to Huiwei Cai stated some benefits of E-learning are explained as follows:
1) The Abundant Resources
Nowadays, we can easily find text information, picture, audio data on almost any topic we like, it is due to the internet provides us with a rich wealth of learning material resources. Powerful tools such as Google, and other search engines, could help us to find a huge amount of information in any subject for students.
2) Easy Access to Information
We could not get our textbooks until the bookstores began to sell. In this era, we can directly get from the internet the learning
resources that we need at a low cost. A large number of high students have cell phones now. When students hear the news or teacher explanations, they can find relative information from the internet.
Then they use the information to augment their knowledge.31
According to Indrakusuma and Putri stated that there are three benefits of E-Learning which are explained as follows:
a) Cost Efficiency
E-Learning can provide cost efficiency for the implementation in administration. Efficiency in the preparation of facilities, physical facilities to be able to learn as well as cost efficiency expending, such transportation costs and need.
b) Flexible
E-Learning gives and provides flexibility in choosing a place and time to be able to access it.
c) Learn to be Independent / Learner Autonomy
E-Learning gives chance and provides an opportunity for students to learn independently. Gives chance to enjoy the all process while studying.
d. Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning 1) Advantages of E-learning
Indrakusuma and Putri quoted advantages of the application of E-Learning from L.Tjoro as follows:
31 Huiwei Cai , E-Learning and English Teaching. International Conference on Future Computer Supported Education. Elsevier 2 (2012), 841-846
a) Easier to absorb, it means that learning through E- Learning facilitates students in multimedia such as an image, text, animation, sound, and video.
b) Much more cost-effective, it means that learning through E-Learning does not need an instructor, no need for a minimum audience, and it could conduct be anywhere and so on.
c) (3) Much more concise, it means that in the process learning through E-learning does not contain many class formalities, directly into a subject as needed.
d) Available 24 hours per day, it means to depend on the students' mastery of learning material or students’
understanding of learning material. It can be seen by monitored or can be tested by E-test.