ISRUNCH
3. Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Post Caesarean Section Pain Scale
The results of data processing using the Wilcoxon test obtained p value = 0.001 or p
<0.05, it was interpreted that there was a significant difference between the intensity before and after the provision of lavender aroatherapy with a difference of 0.8. It can be concluded that aromatherapy had a significant effect on the decrease in the pain intensity of post Caesarean Section patients in Walet ward of Cideres District General Hospital.
59 entitled "Effectiveness of Lavender Aromatherapy on Post Caesarean Section Pain in Ajibarang Hospital". The results showed that there was a significant difference in pain scale between lavender aromatherapy group and control group with a p value of 0.000.
The results of a study conducted by Ghassani (2016) on the effect of lavender aromatherapy and deep breathing relaxation technique on pain scale among post extremity fracture surgery patients showed that there was a significant difference in the pain scales of post extremity fracture surgery patients before and after the provision of lavender aromatherapy and deep breathing relaxation technique with a difference of 2.3 (p value was 0.000).
A study was conducted by Mary (2014) in Zerlinda (2017) applied inhaled lavender aromatherapy on 30 OREF patients who experienced pain. The results showed that the therapy was able to reduce the pain scale felt by patients significantly compared to patients who did not obtain the treatment.
Aromatherapy directly affects the brain like narcotics. The human nose has the ability to distinguish more than 100,000 scents. The aroma that is felt will affect the part of the brain associated with mood, emotions, memory, and learning. For example, by inhaling the scent of lavender the alpha waves in the brain will increase and this wave will help create a more relaxed state (Maifrisco, 2008 cit Wahyuningsih, 2014). The scent received by the nasal receptors will provide further information to the part of the brain that controls emotions and memory. In addition, information is also given to the hypothalamus, which regulates the body's internal systems, including sexuality, body temperature and reaction to stress (Shinobi, 2008 cit Wahyuningsih, 2014).
Aromatherapy also affects the limbic system of the brain which is the center of emotion, mood, and memory to produce neurohormon endorphin and encephalin which can relieve pain and serotonin which will then eliminate tension, stress, and anxiety (Smeltzer & Bare, 2013).
One effort to be perfoemed by health workers to deal with the pain of post Caesarean Cection patients by using non-pharmacological therapy is by giving lavender aromatherapy on a regular basis and it is expected that patients will behave cooperatively when given lavender aromatherapy.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion
Based on the results of a study conducted on 15 respondents on the effect of lavender aromatherapy on post Caesarean Section patients in Walet Ward of Cideres District General in April-May 2018, we can conclude that:
1. Regarding the intensity of pain before the provision of lavender aromatherapy, there were 14 respondents (93.33%) who had moderate pain level and 1 respondent (6.67%) who had severe pain level with the mean of 5.13 (95% CI: 4, 72-5.54), and the respondents had pain complaints with the scores of 7 (6.7%), 6 (13.3%), 5 (66.6%), and 4 (13.3%).
2. Regarding the intensity of pain after the provision of lavender aromatherapy, there were 13 respondents (86,67%) who had moderate pain level and 2 respondents (13.33%) who had
60 complaints with the scores of 6 (13.3%), 5 (33.3%), 4 (46.7%) and 3 (13.3%).
3. There was an effect of lavender aromatherapy on decreased intensity of post Caesarea Section patients in Walet Ward of Cideres District General Hospital.
Recommendations
1. For Educational Institutions
The study results are expected to add references to medical surgical nursing study, especially among patients with Caesarean Section
2. For Cideres District General Hospital
The Hospitals can apply new therapeutic options in addition to other therapies that have been used to improve the provision of health services.
3. For Post Caesarean Section Patients and their Families
It is expected that this study can be used as a source of information for post Caesarean Section patients and their families at Cideres Distrcit General Hospital to increase their knowledge on the effect of aromatherapy to decrease the level of pain among post Caesarean Section patients.
4. For Further Researchers
Hopefully the study results can be used as a reference for researchers to develop further studies, the further researchers are expected to be able to carry out more than one intervention and involved more samples so that the results will be even better.
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63 MOTHERS ATTITUDE WHO HAVE A TODDLER WITH ARI TO HUSBANDS
WHO SMOKE IN THE HOUSE
Elis Noviati1), Acep Hidayatul Mustopa1), Wulan Amar Meliana1), Rudi Kurniawan1), Henri Setiawan1)
1)STIKes Muhammadiyah Ciamis Correspondency
Address: Jln. KH. Ahmad Dahlan no 20 Ciamis 46216 Email: [email protected] CP: +62812-2244-7488
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Infant, toddler and child mortality rates is one of the most basic health indicators of a country or a region. The 13 million toddlers in the world die every year and most are caused by Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). Many factors affect the occurrence of ARI in infants, one of them is the behavioral factor. Harmful behavioral factor such as smoking in the house may increase the risk of ARI in infants.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of mothers who have children with ARI to husbands who smoke in the house.
Method: This research used quantitative descriptive method. The sampling technique used total sampling that was all mother who have toddler of ARI as many as 49 people.
The research instrument used a questionnaire to find out the attitude of the mother to the smoking husband in the house.
Results: The results showed that the attitude of mothers who have toddler with ARI to husbands who smoked in the majority house had a positive attitude (55.1%).
Conclusion: A mother who has a toddler with ARI is positive toward a husband who smokes indoors.
Keywords: Attitude, Toddler, ARI, Cigarette
64 INTRODUCTION
Infants and toddlers are group of society who are easy or susceptive to suffer many illnesses especially infectious illnesses (Kuhlman, Chiang, Horn & Bower, 2017). Toddler has a high sensitivity to the environmental change (McClure, Chentsova-Dutton, Barr, Holochwost, & Parrot, 2016). Toddler period is called as a golden period and critical period too (Purnami, Dipta, &
Rahman, 2018). Basic growth that was occurred during baby and toddler period will influence the next development of the child. Because of that, infants and toddlers must get special protection to prevent illnesses those can disturb the growth and development process or even causing dead (Barry, 2017). On of the highest dead cause in infants and toddlers is Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) (Pereda et al., 2015).
ARI is the infection occurred in the up part of respiratory tract such as mouth, nose, throat, larynx and trachea (Jain, Lodha, & Kabra, 2014). According to WHO, as many as 13 millions toddlers in the world die every year and most of the dead occurred in the developing countries, which ARI is one of the main cause of it by killing 4 millions toddlers every year.
In Indonesia, case of ARI always get the first ranking of the ten list of the most occurred illnesses in Indonesia. Based on the Riskesdas in 2013, prevalence of ARI found as much as 25,0%
(Health Research and Development Agency, 2013). Population with the highest ARI characteristic was occurred in the group age 1-4 years old that is about 25,8%. In 2014 case of ARI in toddler was noted was about 657.490 cases (29,47%).
The unhealthy environment, toddler nutritional status, incomplete immunization, are the factors causing ARI in toddler (Jean-daniel, 2016). Mother has an important role in preventing ARI in toddler (Octaviani, Kholisa, & Lusmilasari, 2015). This is because that mother has a role as a protector and a nurse (Crocetto, 2018).
A mother instinctively knows about her function in the family in the daily life. Because of that, role of mother in taking care and growing up children since they have borned is very important because it can give positive and negative effect for the children development in the future (Sher- Censor, Koren-Karie, Getzov, & Rotman, 2018). The low of mother’s understanding in preventing effort of ARI in toddler frequently causes more serious problems in toddler (Article et al., 2017).
There are lots of factors those can influence the occurrence of ARI in toddler (Taksande, Yeole, & Sawangi, 2016), one of them is attitude factor that can harm self health and the other’s (Chua & Chang, 2016).
Attitude factor that can harm health such as smoking in the house, can increase the risk for the toddler to suffer ARI 2 times bigger (Prashanth Kumar, Sanjay, & Lakshmeesha, 2015).
Smoking is a very common habit in society, and that habit is very hard to be removed although people knew the negative danger from that smoking habit (Sciences, 2014). Population that are easy to suffer the negative effect from it are infants and toddlers, because they inhale the air more often than adult (Bain, Weishaar, Semple, Duffy, & Hilton, 2017). The result cigarette smoke can cause health problems in toddler, among them suffer a slow lung growth, easily suffer an infection of the respiratory tract, ear infection and asthma (Ferrante et al., 2013). In infants and toddlers, their organs are still weak so that they are susceptive to the harrasment and problem, if they get the bad effect so their organs will not develop well (Ondruschka et al., 2017). Beside that, the other disadvantages from the smoking habit can impact to the family economy, this is becaused
65 of the illness that comes up from the smoking habit can increase health costs (Mohmand & Sharifi, 2014).
Based on the data got from the working area of Cihaurbeuti health center (Puskesmas) in 2017 that the number of toddlers there were 3.496 toddlers, some of them who suffered ARI were about 522 toddlers (14,9%). Pamokolan village was a village where toddlers who suffered ARI were as many as 98 toddlers (40,0%) from 245 toddlers, compared to other villages. Because of that, the purpose of this research is to know the mother’s attitude who has a toddler who suffered ARI to the smoking husband in the house.
METHODS
Kinds of research that was used was descriptive. This research population were mothers who had toddlers who suffered ARI as many as 42 mothers at Pamokolan Village Cihaurbeuti sub- district Ciamis district on February 2018. Sampling technique used was total sampling that all of the population become research sample. Variable in this research used a single variable that was mother’s attitude who had toddlers who suffered ARI to the smoking husband in the house. The Technique of data collection in this research used data primer that was the data which got directly from the research object. Instrument used in this research was the questionnaire. Questionnaire contained statements in the form that must be filled in by respondents (Notoadmodjo, 2010).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION a. Result
From the data collection of the mother’s attitude who had toddlers who suffered ARI as many as 49 mothers in Pamokolan Village Cihaurbeuti sub-district Ciamis on June 2017, it was obtained an analysis as follows:
1. Characteristics of respondents