CHAPTER 3 PROJECT OUTLINES
3.7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
3.7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST AND RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
The result of confirmation of conformity with the environmental check list of the JBIC Guidelines (April 2002) are shown below. These tables include the considerations and suggestions based on the study results of the additional and supplemental surveys for socio-environmental aspects, and the public consultation meeting for the establishment of the draft LARAP Framework, were implemented by the JICA Survey Team.
(1) Environmental Check List Following JBIC Guidelines 1) Environmental Procedure
The procedure of AMDAL in Indonesia has already been completed. In March, 2007, the West Java Provincial Government approved the AMDAL of the BIUT Road Project.
The public consultation meeting (PCM) related to the TOR of ANDAL was held in September 2006. The PCM on KA-ANDAL was also held in September 2006 at two areas for the delegates of the districts. The PCM for the final ANDAL, RKL and RPL report was held for the representatives of the regional governments.
2) Environmental Consideration
Although the volume of NO2 and HC was predicted to increase greatly, these concentrations are below the allowed environmental standards. Similarly, the concentrations of SO2 and CO were predicted to increase slightly to less than the environmental standards. The parameters which were found to exceed are TSP and PM10. This implies that the ambient air quality in the City has improved recently.
On the other hand, the noise level in the City is already exceeding the environmental standard limits. In the future, it appears that the noise levels along the arterial road and the Project road will also be exceeded. It is noted however, that complaints on noise and vibration from residents within the vicinity of the Project are not recorded.
No nature conservation area is located within the vicinity of the Project road. The protected habitats of endangered species designated by the country’s laws or international treaties and conventions are, do not exist in the Project area.
3) Social Environment Considerations
The estimated number of families to be removed is about 772 based on AMDAL reports.
Project Affected Persons (PAPs) are estimated to be about 3,080. According to the study conducted by the JICA Survey Team, the number of affected buildings is estimated to be about 2,600 units, and the land acquisition will be about 67 ha.
The LARAP should be established before the land acquisition and resettlement. According to the LARAP, the public consultation for PAPs related to land acquisition and resettlement will be done under the local law. The comprehensive socio-economic studies should be established in LARAP concerning proper compensation, restoration of livelihoods and living standards.
Bandung City government designated Surapati Street as an organized area. Hence, this program will appropriate the project land need. Resettlement procedure will be judged during the LARAP. The capacity and budget will be secured to implement the plan.
In Indonesia, people usually dislike sun rays directed into their room. The shade along the Project road is formed under the elevated road, designed for Pasteur and Cileunyi section.
Therefore, the impact of sun shading is negligible.
As most residents along the Project road utilize the antenna system for getting television (TV) wave signals, it is expected that radio interference will occur along the south side of the Project road. However, the condition of TV reception is not grasped exactly and the maintenance and operation of antenna is not sufficient. Therefore, in case there will be future complaints of radio interference, it is suggested to advise residents to adopt cable TV, if the cause is determined to be due to the Project road implementation.
4) Notes and Others
The implementation of surveys for air quality, noise, related drainage condition and others are stipulated in RKL and RPL. If the influences due to road construction are clarified, proper mitigation measures will be implemented by the contractor.
The anticipated social impacts of the construction include job opportunity, entrepreneurship, social jealously, and traffic issues. The implementation of management and monitoring programs are stipulated in RKL and RPL. The proper mitigation measures will be conducted after checking the condition around the Project area through the relevant social surveys such as focus group discussion (FGD), dialogue, direct observation and interview.
The purpose, method, location, term and time of survey concerning the monitoring program are indicated in the RPL report. If this report will be implemented with accuracy, it is judged that the monitoring program will be effective.
The Environmental Check List following the JBIC Guidelines is shown in Appendix 11.
(2) Recommended Mitigation Measures for Each Phase
Mitigation measures, based upon the AMDAL reports and supplementary JICA surveys, proposed for the project at each phase are shown in Appendix 12.
1) Pre-construction Phase
There are mitigation measures for social-environment considerations during the pre-construction phase. The main target is to grasp and collect the data and materials for establishing LARAP.
In this phase, the following environmental items for mitigation measures are intended for social environment only:
• Social Restlessness
• Land Owner Unwillingness
• Loss of Business Place
• Change the Source of Income Structure
• Loss of Agricultural Land
• Dissatisfaction on Compensation
2) Construction Phase
In the construction phase, the countermeasures for mitigating and reducing the impacts from construction activities are main purpose. The considerations for the implementation plan for construction are essential and significant.
In the construction phase the management and monitoring for LARAP is very important and useful in evaluating and modifying the next phase, and introducing other projects.
In this phase the environmental items for mitigation measures are as follows:
• Ambient air quality
• Noise and vibration
• Water environment
• Hydrology
• Topology and geology
• Impacts on traffic activities
• Health and safety at work (diseases transmission – construction accident)
• Job opportunity and chance to run business
• Social jealousy
3) Post-construction Phase
The countermeasures for mitigating and reducing the impacts by operation and maintenance of toll road activities are the main purposes in the post-construction phase. It is significant to minimize and control the influences to the residents in the vicinity and to road users. The monitoring of the implementation in mitigation measures during post-construction phase is very important for applying the subsequent development programs.
In this phase, the environmental items for mitigation measures are as follows:
• Ambient air quality
• Noise and vibration
• Water environment
• Landscape
• Change of space order and land allocation
• Change of traffic pattern and flow
• Increase of traffic facility
• Job opportunity
• Disharmony of social interaction