CHAPTER 3 PROJECT OUTLINES
3.9 STUDY ON APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) TECHNOLOGY, INCLUDING ELECTRONIC TOLL
3.9 STUDY ON APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION
• Restriction of Overloaded Vehicles
Overloaded vehicles often cause damage on the toll road surfaces and structures, and create congestion due to the reduced speed on the on-ramp. The development of the Gedebage complex is planned and a truck terminal is located near the project section in Gedebage.
Under this condition, it is forecast that the volume of large vehicles will become nearly double in 2025 after the completion of the section of phase-1 and it is expected that this will continue to increase due to the regional peculiarity. Therefore, the measures for restriction of overloaded vehicles are important.
• Air Pollution
Air pollution in Bandung City is seriously harmful to the health of the residents. Although the level of observed air pollution in Bandung stays relatively low in recent years, it is expected that it will become worse considering the expected increase in traffic in the future. Such pollution is caused by the increasing exhaust gases from traffic congestion and thus, countermeasures are required through the introduction of ITS.
3.9.3 Current Condition
The current conditions related to ITS development are summarized below.
• Touch and Go Toll Collection System
The deployment of the touch and go toll collection system, called ‘e-Toll card’, by the toll road operators is underway. The service has started since the end of January in 2009 at all toll booths in the Jakarta Intra Urban Toll Road (JIUT) and Jakarta Outer Ring Road (JORR). It is planned in 2009 for the system to cover whole areas in Indonesia, including the Jakarta – Bandung and Padalarang – Cileunyi toll roads in Bandung City. Bank MANDIRI, the state owned bank, and toll road operators issue the prepaid card for the ‘e-Toll card’. The usage of the prepaid card is limited to toll payment as of February in 2009, and the payment is planned to be expanded for other services such as parking, gas stations and convenient stores.
• Area Traffic Control System (ATCS) in Bandung
Bandung City, Dinas Perhubungan Kota Bandung operates the traffic control center, Area Traffic Control System (ATCS). It was developed in 1997 through the assistance of Australia and adopted the Sydney Coordinative and Adaptive Traffic System (SCAT). At the time of the development, traffic lights, loop coil detectors and CCTVs at major intersections were installed. The traffic congestion level is supposed to be captured and displayed for traffic control. However, nearly half the number of the roadside equipment is not currently working properly, and the patrol officers at the site report via wireless radio communication and a limited number of CCTV, which are the major sources of traffic information collection. There has not been any major system upgrade conducted since the initial installation and there are no plans for upgrade.
• Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
Jakarta City, Daerah Khusus Ibulkoa Jakarta (DKI Jakarta), has been studying traffic demand management-based (TDM-based) policies such as restricting use of vehicle by license plate, parking pricing and congestion charging. The possibility of introduction of ERP has been under consideration as well. However, there are no defined specific plans of introducing ERP yet as of February 2009.
• Related Regulations
The Minimal Service Standard, issued by the Indonesian Toll Road Authority, Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol (BPJT), stipulates that the required time for the vehicles to pass the gate shall be
within 8 seconds at a barrier toll gate, 7 seconds at on-ramp, and 11 seconds at off-ramp.
Furthermore, the capacity of the toll gates shall be 500 vehicles per hour at an on-ramp and 300 vehicles per hour at the off-ramp.
The guideline for ETC standard is currently being prepared by BPJT and it describes the basic functions to be fulfilled by Touch and Go and Non-Stop Toll Collection Systems, including requirements of the IC-card fulfilling the standards of ISO 14443 – A/B.
• Establishment of ITS Indonesia
The Ministry of Transport shows the intention to establish ITS Indonesia. The Ministry is considered as an agency consisting of the related domestic organizations for ITS development in Indonesia. However, specific plans, such as the period of establishment and its members, have not yet been defined.
3.9.4 Proposed ITS Services in Bandung City
The following ITS services are proposed for the Bandung Intra Urban Toll Road:
• Non-Stop Electronic Toll Collection (Non-Stop ETC)
• Heavy Truck Control
(1) Non-Stop ETC
For the solution of congestion at the toll gates, non-stop ETC is proposed. However, the use of the Touch and Go System is still underway in Jakarta and it is planned to cover the toll road in Bandung City. It is therefore important to secure the compatibility with the Touch and Go system. The following technical requirements and step-wise development, in line with the existing system, are proposed.
1) Technical Requirements
• 2-Piece Type On-Board Unit (OBU)
The multiple usage of a single IC-card for the Touch and Go system is planned. This includes payment at gas stations, parking lots and convenience stores. It is important to make it possible to share the existing IC-card among ETC OBU and other services. Consequently, the 2-piece type OBU enables sharing of the IC-card between the Touch and Go System and Non-stop ETC, as illustrated below. This allows a step-wise development.