CHAPTER 3 PROJECT OUTLINES
3.8 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA
3.8.3 Suggestions for Area-Wide Traffic Management in Bandung (1) Infrastructure Development
As can be concluded from Section 3.9.1(3), the road area in Bandung is smaller than in any other major cities of Indonesia. It can be said that road development is necessary. The construction of the Pasteur-Cileunyi Toll Highway and Cibiru-Gedebage Toll Highway can improve the transportation system performance in terms of reduction of travel time and mitigation of congestion in certain locations. However, road construction alone would not completely solve the traffic problems in Bandung. There are many aspects and locations where improvement is required, which include:
• Grade-separated structures of major intersections along the east-west and north-south arterials as well as railroad crossings;
• Widening of existing roads;
• Intersection improvement;
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• Signalization of intersections (including demand-activated signals and/or area signal control);
• Removing roundabouts in heavy traffic areas; and
• Introduction of left-turning-on-red system, with exclusive left lanes at specific intersections where left turning vehicles prevail.
(2) Medium- to Long-Term Traffic Management 1) Transportation Demand Management (TDM)
For overall traffic control and management, one of the policy instruments is the so-called transportation demand management. The purpose of TDM is to reduce automobile use so that any type of transportation mode can effectively use the present road facilities. With the increase of population in Bandung City from 1.8 million in 1998 to about 2.7 million in 2007, together with the outward expansion of residential development, traffic condition in the city areas is expected to become worse in terms of traffic volume and travel time in the coming year. In order to relieve the present and future conditions, a one-way circulation of roads and bus transportation system has been practiced in the city center. However, the introduction of mass transit system and road circulation alone cannot solve the problems of traffic congestion with increased population and vehicles. Apart from the development of the road network, various types of TDM are necessary in the future, as enumerated below:
• Encourage more use of mass transportation systems such as:
- Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or LRT (Light Rail Transit), new vehicles with higher capacity, comfortable ride, reliable services and safe transportation to attract more people to use this transportation;
- Secondary bus service, which supplements trunk bus services routed on the primary or secondary roads;
- Zone bus service, which serves only a specific zone (same as feeder service bus);
- Bus service for handicapped people;
- High-speed shuttle bus service between two points (express bus service);
- Circumferential bus service in the CBD, which contributes to the promotion of public transport use; and
- Park and ride facilities, which encourages modal shift from automobile use to mass transit, especially with urban residential area development at the outskirts of the city in the future. One of the examples of “park and ride” facilities is the BART system in San Francisco, in the United States of America (USA), where every station has a wide parking space. BART is managing the rapid transportation system as well as parking facilities.
• Encourage use of bicycles and pedestrian traffic by providing:
- Pedestrian mall in commercial and business districts, - Pedestrian zone in the CBD,
- Bike lanes to encourage use of non-motorized transportation modes.
Figure 3.8.31 Previous Street Turned to be a Linear Park in Milan, Italy (Sidewalk is provided in the gallery)
• Control car ownership by enforcing:
- Car sharing; this reduces the number of registered automobiles,
- Automobile tax increase, which slows down the increase rate of car ownership, - Strict regulations of automobile storage, especially in the CBD area.
• Restrain automobile use and promote effective use of automobiles by implementing:
- One-way system to maintain smooth traffic flow, - Traffic control zone that allows only accepted vehicles,
- Road pricing to limit the number of vehicles, such as allowing only high occupancy vehicles,
- Parking management (increasing fares and strict regulation),
- Car pooling; this aims to reduce commuting traffic during peak periods, and - Limitation of vehicles entering into the CBD by providing detours.
• Control trip generation and destination through:
- Land use control and regulation;
- Regulation of development area by city planning; and - Limiting new development in a designated area.
2) Traffic Control Center (TCC)
For better traffic control with modern control devices and computerized system, it is recommended to establish and organize the Traffic Control Center in the city. The city of Bandung already established TCC and is being operated by the police and city government officers. There are 154 intersections in Bandung with traffic lights, 134 of which are connected with the Area Traffic Control System (ATCS). This system is planned to coordinate the intersections in real time, through centralized control. However, due to poor maintenance, the ATCS is currently not optimal in controlling traffic.
The TCC controls traffic as a centralized function that collects, processes and disseminates traffic information. The photographic image of the center is shown below:
Figure 3.8.32 Control Center Monitor Screen
Figure 3.8.33 Control Center Monitor Screen
The system operated by the TCC is composed of the following:
• Traffic information dissemination system;
• Emergency help and information system;
• Driving safety support system;
• Public transportation priority system; and
• Environmental protection management system.
A schematic image of the role of the center is given by Figure 3.8.34 below:
Roadside detectors Motorists
ITV
Highway Patrol Unit
Variable Message Sign Board Radio Broadcasting Traffic Signals
Fire Department Hospitals Roadside Service Local Government Other Organizations TCC
Roadside detectors Motorists
ITV
Highway Patrol Unit
Variable Message Sign Board Radio Broadcasting Traffic Signals
Fire Department Hospitals Roadside Service Local Government Other Organizations TCC
Figure 3.8.34 Traffic Control and Emergency Management Flow
Information collection system is installed along the roadway. There are several types of information collection measures:
• Loop coil detectors embedded in the pavement;
• Ultrasonic detectors;
• ITV traffic monitoring cameras;
• Optical beacon detectors; and
• Information from motorists via mobile telephone or emergency telephone, if the road is equipped.
All the information, such as traffic volume every 15 minutes or ITV images, are transmitted to the TCC via optical fiber cables installed along the roads for better control of traffic. The optical fiber has a bigger capacity to transmit sophisticated information such as ITV images, which require more space.
Figure 3.8.35 Ultra Sonic Detector Figure 3.8.36 ITV Camera & Vehicle Detector
Figure 3.8.37 Optical Beacon Vehicle Detector
The information gathered from every collection station, ITV cameras, patrolling vehicles etc.
are processed and informed via roadside boards, radio services, and patrol vehicles. Traffic signals are centrally controlled according to the demand. Public transportation such as BRT will be given priority based on the control system managed by the TCC. Parking information can be disseminated if proper parking data is collected.
Figure 3.8.38 Variable Message Sign Board
Figure 3.8.39 Radio Broadcasting Room
Figure 3.8.40 Travel Time Information Board
Figure 3.8.41 Public Transportation Priority System
Figure 3.8.42 Traffic Signal Control & Monitor Board
Incident management is one of the important elements of traffic control. A certain number of traffic congestion and disturbance is caused by accidents and breakdown of vehicles. Once accident happens, especially fatal or injury accident, it is urgent to call an ambulance and police. This reporting can be either by cellphones or roadside emergency telephone, if any.
The officer on duty in the TCC immediately calls an ambulance and reports details of location and situation of the accident. If it is necessary, fire brigade rushes to the site. Roadside service companies may be called to the site depending on the situation.
Figure 3.8.43 Highway Patrol Vehicles
3.9 STUDY ON APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION