BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.6. Pembahasan
4.6.2. Fenolik
Setelah dilakukan pemilihan menurut kelompok komponen utama fenolik, 40 dari 151 tumbuhan pertemperamen panas yang dapat ditemukan komponen kimianya merupakan kelompok senyawa fenolik dengan bagian yang diekstraksi 11 tumbuhan bagian daun, 8 tumbuhan bagian biji, buah, dan kulit, 3 tumbuhan bagian bunga dan 7 lainnya tidak disebutkan dalam jurnal bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan. Tumbuhan dengan senyawa major fenolik memiliki temperamen panas dan kering (Reza et al., 2011).
Tumbuhan dengan kandungan komponen kimia berupa fenolik yaitu Melia azedarach Linn dan dalam buku Al-Qanun Fi’l-Tibb II bertemperamen panas tingkat ketiga dan kering tingkat kedua.
Tabel 4.4. Tabel bagian yang digunakan komponen utama fenolik
Bagian yang digunakan Jumlah Tumbuhan
Daun 13
Biji dan buah 11
Bunga 3
Umbi dan akar 6
Minyak atsiri 7
Seluruh bagian tanaman 3
4.6.3. Mengandung Nitrogen
Setelah dilakukan pemilahan kelompok senyawa jumlah tumbuhan yang termasuk dalam kelompok senyawa mengandung nitrogen sebanyak 5 dari total 151 tumbuhan bertemperamen panas yang dapat ditemukan komponen kimianya. Bagian yang diekstraksi yaitu 3 tumbuhan bagian biji dan 2 tumbuhan bagian akar dan rimpang. Senyawa mengandung nitrogen ialah termasuk salah satunya alkaloid. Sebuah penelitian menyatakan tumbuhan dengan senyawa senyawa utama alkaloid adalah bertemperamen panas dan kering (Reza et al., 2011). Hal ini dibukatikan dengan Helianthus annuus, Linn. Setelah ditelusuri jurnal dan diidentifikasi senyawanya
Helianthus annuus, Linn memiliki kandungan utama alkaloid sebesar 5,945%. Dalam Al-Qanun Fi’l-Tibb II Helianthus annuus, Linn dinyatakan bertemperamen panas dan kering.
Tabel 4.5. Tabel bagian yang digunakan komponen utama mengandung nitrogen
Bagian yang digunakan Jumlah Tumbuhan
Biji 3
Akar dan rimpang 2
4.6.4. Asam Lemak
Senyawa asam lemak berjumlah 15 dari total 151 tumbuhan yang dapat ditemukan senyawa kimianya. Dengan ekstraksi bagian biji berjumlah 9, bunga 1, batang 1, buah 2, minyak atsiri 3, umbi 1, daun 1.
Belum ditemukan jurnal yang mengaitkan antara asam lemak dengan temperamen menurut Ibnu Sina.
Tabel 4.6. Tabel bagian yang digunakan komponen utama asam lemak
Bagian yang digunakan Jumlah Tumbuhan
Biji dan buah 9
Bunga 1
batang 1
Minyak atsiri 3
Umbi 1
Daun 1
4.6.5. Tumbuhan yang Tidak Teridentifikasi Kelompok Senyawanya
Jumlah yang dapat ditemukan senyawa kimianya 151, 49 diantaranya tidak diidenfikasi komponen utama yang terdalat didalamnya sehingga tidak dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kelompok senyawanya. Dengan bagian yang diekstraksi biji, buah dan kulit polong sejumlah 6, pelepah dan daun 10, batang dan kulit batang 3, minyak atsiri 7, seluruh bagian tanaman 6. Mayoritas tumbuhan yang tidak teridentifikasi komponen utamanya memiliki kelompok senyawa mayoritas mengandung terpen, fenol dan mengandung nitrogen.
Tabel 4.7. Tabel bagian yang digunakan komponen utama tidak teridentifikasi
Bagian yang digunakan Jumlah Tumbuhan Biji, buah, kulit polong 6
Pelepah dan daun 10
Akar dan rimpang 7
Batang dan kulit batang 3
Minyak atsiri 7
Seluruh bagian tanaman 6
Jenis sampel yang digunakan juga mempengaruhi komponen kimia dalam tumbuhan, pada rimpang Curcuma longa atau kunyit dengan sampel segar menghasilkan komponen kimia sebanyak 82,3% dengan komposisi minyak esensial sebesar 79,9% dan pada rimpang kering jumlah komponen kimia sebanyak 69,7%
dengan jumlah minyak esensial sebanyak 73,1%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa proses pengeringan dapat mengoksidasi atau mengurangi komponen kimia dalam tumbuhan hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh paparan cahaya, panas, logam dan lain sebagainya (G. Singh et al., 2010).
BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1. Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan penelitian terhadap tanaman – tanaman obat dalam buku Al- Qanun Fi’l-Tibb II didapatkan 151 tumbuhan yang bertempramen panas menurut Ibnu Sina.
Telah dilakukan penulusuran tumbuhan bertemperamen panaas didapat 52 tumbuhan (34%) dengan komponen utama terpen, 39 tumbuhan (26%) kelompok senyawa fenolik, 15 tumbuhan (10%) termasuk kelompok senyawa asam lemak, 5 tumbuhan (3%) kelompok senyawa mengandung nitrogen, dan 40 tumbuhan (27%) lainnya belum terteridentifikasi komponen utamanya.
49 tumbuhan tidak didapat sinonim dan jurnal terkait komponen kimia utama.
Secara kualitatif sebagian besar komponen utama tumbuhan bertemperamen panas termasuk dalam kelompok senyawa terpen.
5.2. Saran
Untuk penelitian selanjutnya agar bisa dilakukan penelitian secara mendalam tentang khasiat dari masing-masing tumbuhan.
Membedakan antara komponen utama tumbuhan bertemperamen panas dengant tumbuhan bertemperamen dingin.
Membandingkan secara khasiat antara tumbuhan bertemperamen panas dan tumbuhan bertemperamen dingin.
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