CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.3 Findings
Researchers also used a questionnaire to students to support about the perceptions digital literacy in the learning process. Questionnaire was given to 19 students from class XI OTKP SMK Darussalam. The questionnaire aimed to get deeper understanding of students’ problems, causes of students’ problem in the learning process and to know perceptions about learning to use digital literacy. In addition, questionnaire consisted of 11 questions.
The researcher also used a questionnaire to the students to support the students’ perceptions about digital literacy. The questions in the questionnaire are designed to see students’ perceptions of what makes students have problem in the classroom. The questionnaire was given to class XI OTKP SMK Darussalam consisting of 19 students. And Researchers conducted interviews by calling 7 students based on the highest score in English subject. On December 6, 2022 in class XI and the Department of Office Management Automation (OTKP). With the aim of knowing students' opinions about the meaning of digital literacy, the good and bad effects of digital literacy, and the benefits of digital literacy in the learning process or solving a problem.
Based on the questionnaire filled out by the students, the researcher could explain that the students’ responses varied and a questionnaire was made to support the data from the perception students. Through this instrument, the
researcher can identify the students’ problems and the causes of students’ problem in learning process. The questionnaire was given to students by taking 20 minutes after the Asar prayer at the SMK Darussalam. Here, the students’ answer of questionnaire:
Table 4.4. Classification of the first question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 19 100%
2. Agree 69 – 84 0 00.00
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100
The first questionnaire was "The importance of students utilizing internet access as a learning medium and source of information", all students stated that they strongly agreed with this statement.Supported by interviews from RA who said thatthe researcher concluded that students understand what digital literacy is.
And students also feel the good impact of digital literacy in solving or searching for answers and information.
Digital literacy competencies that students must have are inseparable from the demands of 21st century skills that students must have. 21st century learning requires students to develop mastery of information and communication technology so that they can be utilized in the learning process and achieve learning objectives, namely skills in thinking and learning as a representation of new literacy (SuciHasliyah 2022). Which really supports students' perceptions of the importance of digital literacy in accessing information sources.
Table 4.5. Classification of the second question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 7 37%
2. Agree 69 – 84 12 63%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The second questionnaire is "Students use internet access to find school information", there are 7 students who strongly agree and 12 students agree with this statement. Supported by interviews from RA who said that although, students sometimes find it difficult when given a lot of assignments. This is supported by the first basic principle of developing digital literacy by Novi Kurnia 2017, namely digital literacy is a simple understanding that includes the ability to extract ideas implicitly and explicitly from the media.
This is supported by, Yenri et al (2019) states that, the positive impact of digital literacy in language learning is 1) to assist the learning process, 2) to be able to distinguish learning resources that are correct, significant and can provide benefits, and 3) to open up opportunities for teachers to be more productive in creating digital teaching media. In addition, in the application of digital literacy in language learning, the teacher does not only need to master the ability to operate digital devices and software, but also requires complex skills such as production skills, photovisual skills, hypertextuality skills, information evaluation skills, and socio-emotional skills.
Table 4.6. Classification of the third question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 17 89%
2. Agree 69 – 84 2 11%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The third questionnaire, namely "Through the internet students can access various kinds of information needed", there were 17 students who stated that they strongly agreed and 2 students agreed with this statement. This is supported by Preston's opinion in Muhammad Imran's research, which explains media convergence as a process of combining various mass media and technologies that make it easier for users to access various information.Student with initials FI in his interview concluded that explain the meaning of digital literacy and know the impact of digital literacy on the learning process experienced.
Table 4.6. Classification of the fourth question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 12 63%
2. Agree 69 – 84 6 32%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 1 5%
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The fourth questionnaire is "Searching the internet has become a new habit for students in learning and searching for information", there are 12 students who strongly agree, 6 students agree and 1 student disagrees with the statement. This is supported by Urip Umayah and Mawan Akhir Riwanto (2020) who said that, 21st
century learning needs to be faced by students with various information and communication technology competencies, one of which is knowledge and ability in digital literacy. Dalam interview yang diteliti dengan inisial FI juga menyatakan bahwa such as digital literacy can facilitate the learning process provided.
The statement above is supported by (Giovanni &Komariah, 2020), currently developing digital literacy has many benefits and is also being felt by teenagers, especially school students. They can easily find information about subject matter or other positive things. This digital literacy is a competency that every student must have because it is very useful, especially in the world of education.
Table 4.7. Classification of the fifth question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 11 58%
2. Agree 69 – 84 8 42%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The fifth questionnaire is "Students can carry out the search process on the internet based on various kinds of objects", there are 11 students who strongly agree and 8 students agree with this statement. Feri Sulianta (2020), also stated in his book entitled Digital Literacy, digital literacy is defined as the ability to understand and use information in various forms from a very wide variety of sources which are accessed via computer devices.This is also supported by the results of interviews from AN which stated that student understand the meaning of
digital literacy, and the impact ihas on the learning process. Where students feel helped by digital literacy, the assignments given are easy to complete and have no difficulties.
According to Keskin in (Irhandayaningsih, 2020) said that before the COVID-19 pandemic which made learning done online, digital literacy was predicted to be a key and important foundation in the field of education in the future. When learning does not rely on virtual face-to-face meetings and is held online, the results of the study show that students who are digitally literate have more sources of information and have better learning achievements.
Table 4.8. Classification of the sixth question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 6 32%
2. Agree 69 – 84 13 68%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The sixth questionnaire is "Students know the difference in information on the internet and textbooks", there are 6 students who strongly agree and 13 students agree with the statement. Novi Kurnia (2017), also argues that digital literacy is interpreted not only as a process of children interacting with digital media, in this case the internet, about how this interaction contributes to various aspects of child development.The DA in the Interview also stated that students know the meaning of digital literacy, so students understand the impact of using digital literacy and the difficulties students experience when using digital literacy in solving learning problems. According to (Masitoh, 2018), actually in digital
media that is currently developing there are advantages and benefits which can then be applied to efforts to develop learning activities so that the quality of learning can increase.
Table 4.9. Classification of the seventh question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 11 58%
2. Agree 69 – 84 8 42%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The seventh questionnaire is "Before using information from the internet, students will first analyze the background information", there are 11 students who strongly agree and 8 students agree with the statement. This was reinforced by research conducted by Heriyanto (2018) who said that the development of digital media has not been matched by the ability to process information, both in filtering information received or shared. Information obtained through digital media is directly received without going through an in-depth analysis of the content and correctness of the information, and students' understanding of the use of the internet and digital media is still low.
NFA in the interview also supports the above statement. The statement is students had knowledge about the meaning of digital literacy and knew the benefits of digital literacy and the good and bad effects of digital literacy in the learning process to solve a problem.Here we can see how important it is to take advantage of digital literacy. This is reinforced by the opinion of (Sulistyowati et al., 2019) who said that one indicator of achievement in the field of education and
culture is success in building digital literacy. And also This is reinforced by the opinion of Lucas &Soares (Ayu, 2020) stating that when a person uses literacy in his life, he will be able to form and even increase resilience, assertiveness, self- confidence, competence to play an active role and adapt, to obtain problem solving, as well as their competence to defend themselves (survival) in the face of all existing problems.
Table 4.10. Classification of the eighth question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 12 63%
2. Agree 69 – 84 7 37%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The eighth questionnaire is "Before accessing information, students will distinguish what they want to know and need from different sources", there are 12 students who strongly agree and 7 students agree with the statement. This statement is also supported by the results of interviews with initial D students who stated that,students know the meaning of digital literacy and the positive impact of digital literacy. And be able to understand the solution to the difficulties that they might get when using digital literacy.
Various information that can be accessed via the internet makes it easy for users, especially students, to obtain digital information with very broad and unlimited sources. In response to this, students need to carry out an in-depth analysis of the information obtained on the internet (Suci Hasliyah 2022). In this case Fitriyani and Septian Mukhlis 2021 address that students need to have digital
literacy competencies so that the information obtained can be used and has beneficial value.
Table 4.11. Classification of the ninth question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 14 74%
2. Agree 69 – 84 5 26%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The ninth questionnaire is "Students can easily use several types of media to get the truth of the information they have obtained", there are 14 students who strongly agree and 5 students agree with the statement.The interview results from T also stated that students knew the meaning of digital literacy and students explained well about the difficulties and good or bad impacts of digital literacy in the student learning process.This statement is supported by (Prayogi& Aesthetics, 2019) the digital competence of educators is closely related to the ability of educators to use digital media to communicate and obtain and convey information that originates from pedagogical principles by being aware of their influence on the methods used in education. This is reinforced by Puji Rianto (2019), which states that our digital literacy is able to distinguish between social reality and media reality, so we will be better able to use media more critically and not be easily manipulated.
Table 4.12. Classification of the ninth question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 13 68%
2. Agree 69 – 84 6 32%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 0 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The tenth questionnaire is "Students will discuss with other people", there are 13 students who strongly agree and 6 students agree with the statement. This refers to Bawden's opinion, digital literacy is more associated with the technical skills of accessing, assembling, understanding and disseminating information.The results of interviews with students with the initials D also argue that as well as the learning process in which an educator supports students is one of achieving a good learning process according to these students.
According to Paul Gilster in (Sutrisna, 2020), digital literacy is defined as the ability to understand and use information in various forms from a very wide variety of sources which are accessed via computer devices. Understanding and using information here is interpreted, where students do not misuse sources of information and use them as needed or to add insight and creativity itself.
Table 4.13. Classification of the tenth question
No. Classification Range Frequency Percentage
1. Strongly Agree 85 – 100 4 21%
2. Agree 69 – 84 14 79%
3. Undecided 51 – 68 1 00.00
4. Disagree 36 – 50 0 00.00
Total 19 100%
The eleventh questionnaire is "Students compile information sources from various kinds of objects on the internet", there are 4 students who strongly agree, 14 students agree and 1 student disagrees with the statement. As stated by Novi Kurnia (2017), that digital literacy is a skill (life skill) that does not only involve the ability to use technology, information and communication devices, but also social skills, learning abilities, and having attitudes, critical thinking, creative, as well as inspiring as a digital competency.NFA in his interview also stated that researchers also know the learning design that students want, namely when the teacher is fun and the assignments given are in accordance with the student's ability or student agreement.And also supported by the opinion of Yusuf Yukram (2019), which stated that besides having a positive impact. Digital literacy also has weaknesses for students, namely reducing friendship between students because in a communication giving news via chat, telephone and so on is considered sufficient, making students as individualists, and a lack of interest in reading books due to an interest in reading using the media digital is stronger because of the availability of various needs in it and the ease of obtaining the necessary needs.
Based on all the results of the questionnaire above, it can be concluded that digital literacy is new for students and can be accepted by both of students or students in their learning process. The reason is that students see digital literacy as very useful and helps them solve problems in learning and can explore their creativity and many others apart from the learning process conveyed by the teacher or educator. So as not to miss the information or be out of date.
This is also supported by the opinion of Yusuf Yukram (2019), that students at Palopo State Madrasah Aliyah create student interest and build student creativity in the learning process so as to improve student learning outcomes at Palopo State Madrasah Aliyah. And it is hoped that digital literacy will be put to good and positive use by its users, especially among students as pioneers for the progress of the nation by controlling the use of technology or mass media with their digital literacy capabilities to meet the information needs needed from the mass media. And it is hoped that digital literacy will continue to be developed in the world of education and introduce it so that there is no such thing as lacking in character or missing information.