Chapter 1 Introducing To Tourism…
A. Definition
Talking about management means discussing management functions, including:
- Planning - Organizing - Actuating - Controlling
Many experts provide a definition of management, for example G.R Terry defines management as a process starting from planning, organizing, implementing and the last stage, namely monitoring the existing process and continuing at the initial stage, namely planning and applying it repeatedly. Oey Liang Lee provides a definition of management as an art and science, according to Oey Liang Lee management can be studied and said to be an art because everyone has different abilities in the implementation of management.
Mary Parker defines management as an art. Mary Parker explains that management is said to be the art of getting things done through other people. For example, a superior who gives task directions to his subordinates. According to Henry Fayol, management is a process of planning, organizing and controlling to achieve organizational goals.
C. Competence
C.1. Competency standards
The results of this material are expected that students who take courses in tourism management and are able to plan, organize, implement and evaluate tourism activities. Activities can be short and medium term either types of natural, cultural or tourist attractions in their respective areas. Students are able to provide ideas and innovations that can increase the value of tourism in their respective regions by implementing tourism management.
C.2. Basic competencies
1. Able to explain the meaning of management. tourism 2. Able to explain tourism management
3. Able to describe the importance of tourism management 4. Able to describe the implementation of tourism
management in tourist attractions in their respective areas.
D. Learning Instructions
Students read and provide definitions according to their understanding after reading several expert opinions on tourism management. Students are able to develop creative ideas for the development of tourist destinations in their respective areas.
Students must be able to plan, organize, implement and evaluate tourism management.
2. 2. Tourism Management Karimun Jawa A. Definition of Management
Talking about management means discussing management functions, including:
- Planning - Organizing - Actuating - Controlling
Many experts provide a definition of management, for example G.R Terry defines management as a process starting from planning, organizing, implementing and the last stage, namely monitoring the existing process and continuing at the initial stage, namely planning and applying it repeatedly. Oey Liang Lee provides a definition of management as an art and science, according to Oey Liang Lee management can be studied and said to be an art because everyone has different abilities in the implementation of management.
Mary Parker defines management as an art. Mary Parker explains that management is said to be the art of getting things done through other people. For example, a superior who gives task directions to his subordinates. According to Henry Fayol, management is a process of planning, organizing and controlling to achieve organizational goals.
2.3. Tourism Management
A special case during the Covid-19 pandemic like this. As a tourism actor, it is not easy to prepare everything. Need to understand the implementation of management well. Some tourism actors really need intensive coordination with various parties, especially the government regarding visitor restrictions.
Figure 2.1 Interview with Karimunjawa Port Authority The port is one of the central positions because to get to a tourist location, for example, it requires the participation of the port. In addition, the tour guide, who has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, is really complaining about the current conditions. During a pandemic, the tour guides really take care that the health protocol is maintained to keep all visitors comfortable and make sure everything is safe.
Figure 2.2 Interview with Tour Guide
Cooperation of all parties is very important in mutual cooperation in supporting the smooth running of tourism activities and providing a sense of security to all visitors. All parties coordinate with each other and have a shared responsibility to maintain the safety of tourists. The tourism bureau also has a central role because it does not only carry out promotions to attract tourists but must work hard to convince visitors that Karimunjawa is safe from the COVID-19 pandemic.
The tourism bureau is the party that must coordinate with the government for the condition of visitors who will enter Karimunjawa. Coordination is a must for all parties considering that the Karimunjawa area is separated from the island of Java so that it is not easy to access health care to hospitals.
2.3. Tourism Management
A special case during the Covid-19 pandemic like this. As a tourism actor, it is not easy to prepare everything. Need to understand the implementation of management well. Some tourism actors really need intensive coordination with various parties, especially the government regarding visitor restrictions.
Figure 2.1 Interview with Karimunjawa Port Authority The port is one of the central positions because to get to a tourist location, for example, it requires the participation of the port. In addition, the tour guide, who has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, is really complaining about the current conditions. During a pandemic, the tour guides really take care that the health protocol is maintained to keep all visitors comfortable and make sure everything is safe.
Figure 2.2 Interview with Tour Guide
Cooperation of all parties is very important in mutual cooperation in supporting the smooth running of tourism activities and providing a sense of security to all visitors. All parties coordinate with each other and have a shared responsibility to maintain the safety of tourists. The tourism bureau also has a central role because it does not only carry out promotions to attract tourists but must work hard to convince visitors that Karimunjawa is safe from the COVID-19 pandemic.
The tourism bureau is the party that must coordinate with the government for the condition of visitors who will enter Karimunjawa. Coordination is a must for all parties considering that the Karimunjawa area is separated from the island of Java so that it is not easy to access health care to hospitals.
2.4. Tourism Marketing
A. Definition of Tourism Marketing
Marketing is becoming a way to identify and fulfill human needs (Kotler & Keller, 2009). Marketing through the process of planning to implementation that can produce a product and service in the hope of achieving customer satisfaction. Tourism itself according to Law Number 10 of 2009 is a type of tourism activity that is supported by various facilities and services that have been provided by the community, businessmen, government and local governments.
According to Suryadana & Octavia (2015) tourism marketing is a system and coordination carried out by companies in the tourism sector, both private and government, with local, regional and international scopes with the aim of achieving tourist satisfaction and making a profit. In brief, Muljadi (2009) states that tourism marketing is an effort to identify the needs and desires of tourists, in order to offer products that are in accordance with the wishes and needs of tourists.
Tourism marketing is also referred to as an activity consisting of a series of strategic plans to meet the needs and desires of consumers that can bring benefits through the interactions carried out (Nasrullah et al., 2020). From the definitions that have been mentioned, it can be concluded that tourism marketing is a process of identifying the needs and desires of tourists by the private sector and the government, in
order to create products and services that are appropriate to achieve tourist satisfaction and gain profits.
Marketing carried out by companies engaged in tourism is certainly different from marketing carried out by manufacturing companies. The core of tourism marketing emphasizes more on how to communicate to the target market that the destinations offered have advantages and are different from other products (Manafe et al., 2016). So that the implementation of tourism marketing has goals according to Yoeti (1996), including:
a. Aims to attract tourists to come to visit tourist destinations, both in the local, regional, and national scope so that more tourists come, stay longer, and spend more money.
b. Attracting tourists who come to use the services that have been prepared by tourism companies in the environment, with the aim of obtaining the benefits of each company, this profit can be used to carry out marketing activities.
If the process of tourism marketing activities goes well, then tourism companies will be able to survive, develop and innovate in a sustainable manner.
B. Tourism Service Products
In its activities, tourism offers products and services tailored to the geographical conditions and needs of tourists.
Basically there are three groups of tourism service products according to Yoeti (1996) as follows:
2.4. Tourism Marketing
A. Definition of Tourism Marketing
Marketing is becoming a way to identify and fulfill human needs (Kotler & Keller, 2009). Marketing through the process of planning to implementation that can produce a product and service in the hope of achieving customer satisfaction. Tourism itself according to Law Number 10 of 2009 is a type of tourism activity that is supported by various facilities and services that have been provided by the community, businessmen, government and local governments.
According to Suryadana & Octavia (2015) tourism marketing is a system and coordination carried out by companies in the tourism sector, both private and government, with local, regional and international scopes with the aim of achieving tourist satisfaction and making a profit. In brief, Muljadi (2009) states that tourism marketing is an effort to identify the needs and desires of tourists, in order to offer products that are in accordance with the wishes and needs of tourists.
Tourism marketing is also referred to as an activity consisting of a series of strategic plans to meet the needs and desires of consumers that can bring benefits through the interactions carried out (Nasrullah et al., 2020). From the definitions that have been mentioned, it can be concluded that tourism marketing is a process of identifying the needs and desires of tourists by the private sector and the government, in
order to create products and services that are appropriate to achieve tourist satisfaction and gain profits.
Marketing carried out by companies engaged in tourism is certainly different from marketing carried out by manufacturing companies. The core of tourism marketing emphasizes more on how to communicate to the target market that the destinations offered have advantages and are different from other products (Manafe et al., 2016). So that the implementation of tourism marketing has goals according to Yoeti (1996), including:
a. Aims to attract tourists to come to visit tourist destinations, both in the local, regional, and national scope so that more tourists come, stay longer, and spend more money.
b. Attracting tourists who come to use the services that have been prepared by tourism companies in the environment, with the aim of obtaining the benefits of each company, this profit can be used to carry out marketing activities.
If the process of tourism marketing activities goes well, then tourism companies will be able to survive, develop and innovate in a sustainable manner.
B. Tourism Service Products
In its activities, tourism offers products and services tailored to the geographical conditions and needs of tourists.
Basically there are three groups of tourism service products according to Yoeti (1996) as follows:
1. Tourist Objects, which are located in tourist destinations and become an attraction for tourists to visit.
2. Facilities, infrastructure that are visible and meet tourist attractions to perfect the needs of tourists such as restaurants, recreation, hotels, etc.
3. Transportation, connecting the country of origin of tourism with tourist destinations and transportation at the destination to tourist objects.
Utama (2017) mentions that there are four elements that tourism products can produce or reproduce in order for tourism companies to survive. The four elements of tourism products are:
1. Attractions, the availability of the attraction of a tourist destination to attract tourists. This attraction is in the form of natural attraction and cultural attraction.
2. Accessibility, means of transportation so that domestic and foreign tourists can easily get to tourist objects.
3. Amenities, the availability of main and supporting facilities such as gift centers, exchanges, and others related to tourist activities.
4. Ancillary, the existence of a tourist travel agency that can help tourists carry out their travel activities. Such as travel agencies, travel, and information centers
1.3 Tourism Promotion
Indeed, tourism needs appropriate and clear actions to attract the attention of potential tourists. Promotion is carried out in various ways in order to increase the number of tourist visits to these attractions. According to (Suryadana & Octavia, 2015) there are four promotions to increase brand awareness of tourist objects, namely:
1. Advertising or Advertising
Making advertisements is quite well utilized by almost all companies. This advertisement has a role to build awareness of potential tourists to the products and services offered by tourist objects, increase knowledge, and persuade tourists to want to visit or buy tourism products.
2. Sales Promotion
This activity can encourage the effectiveness of consumer purchases and sales by using promotional tools. Promotional tools that are usually used are brochures, exhibitions, etc. So that through sales promotion can achieve the target of visits or product purchases.
3. Personal Selling
Face-to-face sales, namely the seller can deal directly with potential customers. This activity includes interaction and discussion about the attractions offered by the seller.
1. Tourist Objects, which are located in tourist destinations and become an attraction for tourists to visit.
2. Facilities, infrastructure that are visible and meet tourist attractions to perfect the needs of tourists such as restaurants, recreation, hotels, etc.
3. Transportation, connecting the country of origin of tourism with tourist destinations and transportation at the destination to tourist objects.
Utama (2017) mentions that there are four elements that tourism products can produce or reproduce in order for tourism companies to survive. The four elements of tourism products are:
1. Attractions, the availability of the attraction of a tourist destination to attract tourists. This attraction is in the form of natural attraction and cultural attraction.
2. Accessibility, means of transportation so that domestic and foreign tourists can easily get to tourist objects.
3. Amenities, the availability of main and supporting facilities such as gift centers, exchanges, and others related to tourist activities.
4. Ancillary, the existence of a tourist travel agency that can help tourists carry out their travel activities. Such as travel agencies, travel, and information centers
1.3 Tourism Promotion
Indeed, tourism needs appropriate and clear actions to attract the attention of potential tourists. Promotion is carried out in various ways in order to increase the number of tourist visits to these attractions. According to (Suryadana & Octavia, 2015) there are four promotions to increase brand awareness of tourist objects, namely:
1. Advertising or Advertising
Making advertisements is quite well utilized by almost all companies. This advertisement has a role to build awareness of potential tourists to the products and services offered by tourist objects, increase knowledge, and persuade tourists to want to visit or buy tourism products.
2. Sales Promotion
This activity can encourage the effectiveness of consumer purchases and sales by using promotional tools. Promotional tools that are usually used are brochures, exhibitions, etc. So that through sales promotion can achieve the target of visits or product purchases.
3. Personal Selling
Face-to-face sales, namely the seller can deal directly with potential customers. This activity includes interaction and discussion about the attractions offered by the seller.
4. Public Relations
Activities that create mutually beneficial two-way communication, including exchange relationships in the marketing of tourism products.
B. Exercise
1. Explain what management means to you 2. Describe tourism management.
3. Explain the parties who must coordinate for tourism activities during a pandemic.
4. Describe effective tourism promotion activities.
5. Give your opinion the basic difference in tourism activities during a pandemic and during normal times.
C. Summary
Tourism management discusses how to plan, organize, implement and evaluate tourism activities. Business actors must have clear tourism management about planning what will be done and organizing activities to be carried out according to time, resources and other things that are important to pay attention to.
Many experts provide a definition of management, for example G.R Terry defines management as a process starting from planning, organizing, implementing and the last stage, namely monitoring the existing process and continuing at the initial stage, namely planning and applying it repeatedly. Oey Liang Lee provides a definition of management as an art and science, according to Oey Liang Lee management can be studied and said
to be an art because everyone has different abilities in the implementation of management.
A special case during the Covid-19 pandemic like this. As a tourism actor, it is not easy to prepare everything. Need to understand the implementation of management well. Some tourism actors really need intensive coordination with various parties, especially the government regarding visitor restrictions.
The port is one of the central positions because to get to a tourist location, for example, it requires the participation of the port. In addition, the tour guide, who has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, is really complaining about the current conditions. During a pandemic, the tour guides really take care that the health protocol is maintained to keep all visitors comfortable and make sure everything is safe.
Tourism marketing is also referred to as an activity consisting of a series of strategic plans to meet the needs and desires of consumers that can bring benefits through the interactions carried out. There are four promotions to increase brand awareness of tourist objects, namely advertising or advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and public relations.
D. Formative Test
Choose one of the most correct answers from the available answers, by giving a cross (X)!
4. Public Relations
Activities that create mutually beneficial two-way communication, including exchange relationships in the marketing of tourism products.
B. Exercise
1. Explain what management means to you 2. Describe tourism management.
3. Explain the parties who must coordinate for tourism activities during a pandemic.
4. Describe effective tourism promotion activities.
5. Give your opinion the basic difference in tourism activities during a pandemic and during normal times.
C. Summary
Tourism management discusses how to plan, organize, implement and evaluate tourism activities. Business actors must have clear tourism management about planning what will be done and organizing activities to be carried out according to time, resources and other things that are important to pay attention to.
Many experts provide a definition of management, for example G.R Terry defines management as a process starting from planning, organizing, implementing and the last stage, namely monitoring the existing process and continuing at the initial stage, namely planning and applying it repeatedly. Oey Liang Lee provides a definition of management as an art and science, according to Oey Liang Lee management can be studied and said
to be an art because everyone has different abilities in the implementation of management.
A special case during the Covid-19 pandemic like this. As a tourism actor, it is not easy to prepare everything. Need to understand the implementation of management well. Some tourism actors really need intensive coordination with various parties, especially the government regarding visitor restrictions.
The port is one of the central positions because to get to a tourist location, for example, it requires the participation of the port. In addition, the tour guide, who has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, is really complaining about the current conditions. During a pandemic, the tour guides really take care that the health protocol is maintained to keep all visitors comfortable and make sure everything is safe.
Tourism marketing is also referred to as an activity consisting of a series of strategic plans to meet the needs and desires of consumers that can bring benefits through the interactions carried out. There are four promotions to increase brand awareness of tourist objects, namely advertising or advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and public relations.
D. Formative Test
Choose one of the most correct answers from the available answers, by giving a cross (X)!