Chapter 5 E-Tourism
1.2 Understanding E-Tourism
Today, digitization has become a tool that must be used in the business world. This includes the tourism industry which continues to develop along with the rapid advancement of technology. The Ministry of Tourism has determined digital tourism as the Top 1 Ministry Program that makes digital an unforgettable need to be able to promote tourism quickly (Yanti, 2019).
E-tourism or digital tourism is an integration between the development of information technology and the tourism industry that utilizes information technology to optimize tourism usability, provide effective services for customers, and carry out
accessible tourism marketing (Yanti, 2019). Tourism development with digitization emphasizes the use of the internet to disseminate information.
The Caribbean Tourism Organization in Kawulur et al., (2018) defines e-tourism as a dynamic interaction between information and communication technology and tourism that changes each other where ICT is applied to the tourism process as an effort to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism organizations including unifying business management, information, and communication.
Meanwhile, according to Pujiani et al., (2016), e-tourism is digitalization with information technology in the tourism sector to run business processes and value chains including travel agencies, the food industry, and lodging where its use has changed the value chain and strategic relationships between industries. tourism and other companies. It can be concluded that e-tourism is digitalization in the tourism industry to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism activities.
B. The Concept of E-Tourism in Tourism
E-tourism is a way of providing information and modern promotional media regarding tourism that can be accessed 24 hours by anyone without being limited by space and time. The principle of the existence of E-Tourism is the alignment of tourism development with three elements, namely Information
for e-tourism is very important for refreshment and making the display less boring and more updated so that it will be more trusted by potential tourists who are looking for information.
After students understand the information and knowledge about e-tourism, it is important to give a test to students to determine the level of student understanding. Students will be given questions to answer and will be checked for answers after they are done. Students are also required to pass the limit on the number of correct answers to the multiple choice questions given.
If the student does not pass the threshold, then the student is required to re-work the questions and study their incorrect answers.
1.2. Understanding E-Tourism A. Definition of E-Tourism
Today, digitization has become a tool that must be used in the business world. This includes the tourism industry which continues to develop along with the rapid advancement of technology. The Ministry of Tourism has determined digital tourism as the Top 1 Ministry Program that makes digital an unforgettable need to be able to promote tourism quickly (Yanti, 2019).
E-tourism or digital tourism is an integration between the development of information technology and the tourism industry that utilizes information technology to optimize tourism usability, provide effective services for customers, and carry out
accessible tourism marketing (Yanti, 2019). Tourism development with digitization emphasizes the use of the internet to disseminate information.
The Caribbean Tourism Organization in Kawulur et al., (2018) defines e-tourism as a dynamic interaction between information and communication technology and tourism that changes each other where ICT is applied to the tourism process as an effort to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism organizations including unifying business management, information, and communication.
Meanwhile, according to Pujiani et al., (2016), e-tourism is digitalization with information technology in the tourism sector to run business processes and value chains including travel agencies, the food industry, and lodging where its use has changed the value chain and strategic relationships between industries. tourism and other companies. It can be concluded that e-tourism is digitalization in the tourism industry to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism activities.
B. The Concept of E-Tourism in Tourism
E-tourism is a way of providing information and modern promotional media regarding tourism that can be accessed 24 hours by anyone without being limited by space and time. The principle of the existence of E-Tourism is the alignment of tourism development with three elements, namely Information
and Communication Technology, Tourism and Business, as well as support from the government (Novianti in Bessie, 2019).
Digitalization in e-tourism helps the distribution of tourism products from producers to potential tourists to make travel decisions. The progress of digitization in the tourism sector will shorten the distribution chain that can be accessed through websites, social media, and other tourism information services.
The development of e-tourism-based tourism can be simplified by the following system design
Figure 1 Tourism Development System Design
The design of e-tourism-based tourism development emphasizes online booking. The development of e-tourism utilizes several information technologies features which include a database of tourism information, data on potential users or tourists, digital payments, and using the internet as shipping transactions (Zhang in Budiarti, 2006). Today's e-tourism creates new business opportunities by becoming a forum for interaction for potential tourists around the world.
Event Wisatawan
Ketersediaan
Keinginan Berwisata
Transportasi Fasilitas Penginapan
Destinasi Wisata Harga
Waktu Jarak
Jarak Perjalanan
Online
Booking Paket
Wisata
Pradiatiningtyas (2015) explains that there are four main characteristics in developing e-tourism or tourism digitization, namely tourism products, the chain impact created by the tourism industry, the structure of the tourism industry, and the availability of information and communication technology. In an effort to realize the four characteristics of e-tourism, development is needed to achieve digital market improvements such as legacy of existing systems, diversity of information, and no global standard of unlimited operating data exchange.
C. Purpose of E-Tourism
This new concept of tourism development packaged in e- tourism has several objectives to expand information about tourism (Wilson, 2019), including:
- Facilitate customer service in the tourism sector because it can be directly connected to electronic media.
- Provide information to tourists about tourist destinations available both domestically and abroad.
- Promote Indonesia's natural and cultural wealth directly through digitization.
- Provide easy access for tourists to obtain tourism services in accordance with their capabilities.
- Provide convenience to customers in using digital media for their tourism purposes.
- Open new business opportunities and provide unlimited job opportunities
and Communication Technology, Tourism and Business, as well as support from the government (Novianti in Bessie, 2019).
Digitalization in e-tourism helps the distribution of tourism products from producers to potential tourists to make travel decisions. The progress of digitization in the tourism sector will shorten the distribution chain that can be accessed through websites, social media, and other tourism information services.
The development of e-tourism-based tourism can be simplified by the following system design
Figure 1 Tourism Development System Design
The design of e-tourism-based tourism development emphasizes online booking. The development of e-tourism utilizes several information technologies features which include a database of tourism information, data on potential users or tourists, digital payments, and using the internet as shipping transactions (Zhang in Budiarti, 2006). Today's e-tourism creates new business opportunities by becoming a forum for interaction for potential tourists around the world.
Event Wisatawan
Ketersediaan
Keinginan Berwisata
Transportasi Fasilitas Penginapan
Destinasi Wisata Harga
Waktu Jarak
Jarak Perjalanan
Online
Booking Paket
Wisata
Pradiatiningtyas (2015) explains that there are four main characteristics in developing e-tourism or tourism digitization, namely tourism products, the chain impact created by the tourism industry, the structure of the tourism industry, and the availability of information and communication technology. In an effort to realize the four characteristics of e-tourism, development is needed to achieve digital market improvements such as legacy of existing systems, diversity of information, and no global standard of unlimited operating data exchange.
C. Purpose of E-Tourism
This new concept of tourism development packaged in e- tourism has several objectives to expand information about tourism (Wilson, 2019), including:
- Facilitate customer service in the tourism sector because it can be directly connected to electronic media.
- Provide information to tourists about tourist destinations available both domestically and abroad.
- Promote Indonesia's natural and cultural wealth directly through digitization.
- Provide easy access for tourists to obtain tourism services in accordance with their capabilities.
- Provide convenience to customers in using digital media for their tourism purposes.
- Open new business opportunities and provide unlimited job opportunities
Basically, the application of e-tourism in Indonesia aims as a tourism distribution system leading to the transformation of industrial development from traditional intermediaries to digital intermediaries (Octavianti & Ode, Wa Yani, 2013). The developed e-tourism has the main purpose of providing information for tourists in choosing tourist destinations and being an up-to-date promotional media regarding Indonesia's tourism potential.
D. Implementation of E-Tourism
This e-tourism-based tourism system emphasizes online booking based on tourism developments. However, this system also integrates issues of accommodation, transportation, and tourist facilities. According to Soava & Bădică (2008), the benefits of e-tourism implementation can be felt for the tourism industry and for tourists involving aspects of information, reservations, payments, and promotional media.
• E-Information
Tourists can easily search and share tourism information through information technology. Easy access to information on tourist destinations can be received through e-brosures, travel guides, digital content, and virtual tourist communities. Tourists can share experiences and information with fellow internet users.
• E-Booking
Digitization facilitates the tourism industry to provide online orders and bookings such as lodging reservations,
transportation tickets, tourism packages, and others. This online order confirmation service is integrated into e-mail, as well as other social media.
• E-Payments
Adult online payments are now not a new thing. Advances in financial technology (fintech) allow tourism sites to provide online payments via credit cards, mobile banking, and various other e-money tools.
E. Tourism Digital Marketing
The implementation of e-tourism for the tourism industry is reflected in the application of digital media to expand the dissemination of information through digital marketing as a promotional medium. E-tourism can be applied in digital marketing through 5 digital tools (Heliany, 2019), namely:
1. Website
Internet-based information pages that are dynamic and connected around the world. Websites can be found through search engines such as Bing, Google, and Yahoo. The e-tourism website contains information about tourist attractions, lodging, and other tourism products.
2. Social media
An online social network that allows users to create content, stream online, share content, and participate in content. Popular social media in digital tourism are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,
Basically, the application of e-tourism in Indonesia aims as a tourism distribution system leading to the transformation of industrial development from traditional intermediaries to digital intermediaries (Octavianti & Ode, Wa Yani, 2013). The developed e-tourism has the main purpose of providing information for tourists in choosing tourist destinations and being an up-to-date promotional media regarding Indonesia's tourism potential.
D. Implementation of E-Tourism
This e-tourism-based tourism system emphasizes online booking based on tourism developments. However, this system also integrates issues of accommodation, transportation, and tourist facilities. According to Soava & Bădică (2008), the benefits of e-tourism implementation can be felt for the tourism industry and for tourists involving aspects of information, reservations, payments, and promotional media.
• E-Information
Tourists can easily search and share tourism information through information technology. Easy access to information on tourist destinations can be received through e-brosures, travel guides, digital content, and virtual tourist communities. Tourists can share experiences and information with fellow internet users.
• E-Booking
Digitization facilitates the tourism industry to provide online orders and bookings such as lodging reservations,
transportation tickets, tourism packages, and others. This online order confirmation service is integrated into e-mail, as well as other social media.
• E-Payments
Adult online payments are now not a new thing. Advances in financial technology (fintech) allow tourism sites to provide online payments via credit cards, mobile banking, and various other e-money tools.
E. Tourism Digital Marketing
The implementation of e-tourism for the tourism industry is reflected in the application of digital media to expand the dissemination of information through digital marketing as a promotional medium. E-tourism can be applied in digital marketing through 5 digital tools (Heliany, 2019), namely:
1. Website
Internet-based information pages that are dynamic and connected around the world. Websites can be found through search engines such as Bing, Google, and Yahoo. The e-tourism website contains information about tourist attractions, lodging, and other tourism products.
2. Social media
An online social network that allows users to create content, stream online, share content, and participate in content. Popular social media in digital tourism are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,
and Youtube. The existence of social media can support tourism to promote faster, real time, and reach a wider audience.
3. Online Advertising
Advertisements made online that can be placed on websites, social media, search engine optimaze, and social media that provide places for online advertising. The purpose of online advertising is to attract customers who are not limited by a certain time and place.
4. Forum Discussion
An online forum containing data, images, sound, video, or animation connected in a social network. Web-based discussion forums have hyperlinks and specific topics. So that information on a topic is updated and can be responded to by its members.
5. Mobile Applications
Smartphone applications include Android, IOS, and Windows platforms. Mobile-based applications are developed for ordering and disseminating information. Transactions in mobile applications can be carried out without intermediaries with an integrated system in real time that can reduce operational costs.
F. Adoption of E-Tourism
Although e-tourism has not developed much in Indonesia, as a form of adaptation to the use of tourism technology, Indonesia has adopted e-tourism into its tourism development
strategy. The adoption of e-tourism is supported by technological advances, active participation of industry players, and government support. The implementation of e-tourism in Indonesia is as follows:
• Go Mandalika
The Ministry of Tourism in March 2021 inaugurated the launch of the Go Mandalika e-tourism program as a medium for promoting Central Lombok tourism. Through the directory page.gomandalika.com, Go Mandalika provides a medium for creative economy players to provide business information related to tourism. In addition, Go Mandalika presents information content that is open licensed (Awaludin, 2021).
Go Mandalika provides contribution services that allow visitors to contribute content and information as promotional materials for tourism and the creative economy. E-tourism Go Mandalika as an adaptation of the use of digital technology to improve tourism development strategies in Central Lombok and Mandalika in the future.
• Virtual Tour
A virtual tour is a journey in cyberspace with the main component being panoramic images (Kawulur et al., 2018). The panorama displayed uses fish eye photography techniques so that it can capture a wide and uninterrupted image. Panoramas are displayed 360 degrees in the order in which the images are captured through the camera. In the tourism sector, virtual tours
and Youtube. The existence of social media can support tourism to promote faster, real time, and reach a wider audience.
3. Online Advertising
Advertisements made online that can be placed on websites, social media, search engine optimaze, and social media that provide places for online advertising. The purpose of online advertising is to attract customers who are not limited by a certain time and place.
4. Forum Discussion
An online forum containing data, images, sound, video, or animation connected in a social network. Web-based discussion forums have hyperlinks and specific topics. So that information on a topic is updated and can be responded to by its members.
5. Mobile Applications
Smartphone applications include Android, IOS, and Windows platforms. Mobile-based applications are developed for ordering and disseminating information. Transactions in mobile applications can be carried out without intermediaries with an integrated system in real time that can reduce operational costs.
F. Adoption of E-Tourism
Although e-tourism has not developed much in Indonesia, as a form of adaptation to the use of tourism technology, Indonesia has adopted e-tourism into its tourism development
strategy. The adoption of e-tourism is supported by technological advances, active participation of industry players, and government support. The implementation of e-tourism in Indonesia is as follows:
• Go Mandalika
The Ministry of Tourism in March 2021 inaugurated the launch of the Go Mandalika e-tourism program as a medium for promoting Central Lombok tourism. Through the directory page.gomandalika.com, Go Mandalika provides a medium for creative economy players to provide business information related to tourism. In addition, Go Mandalika presents information content that is open licensed (Awaludin, 2021).
Go Mandalika provides contribution services that allow visitors to contribute content and information as promotional materials for tourism and the creative economy. E-tourism Go Mandalika as an adaptation of the use of digital technology to improve tourism development strategies in Central Lombok and Mandalika in the future.
• Virtual Tour
A virtual tour is a journey in cyberspace with the main component being panoramic images (Kawulur et al., 2018). The panorama displayed uses fish eye photography techniques so that it can capture a wide and uninterrupted image. Panoramas are displayed 360 degrees in the order in which the images are captured through the camera. In the tourism sector, virtual tours
have been developed in North Sulawesi, Biak Numfor, and Batang Heaven of Asia.
Figure 5. 2 360 Panorama of Ujung Negoro Beach, Batang Source: Satrio & Muhardono (2013)
• Go Digital Tourism
Tourist destinations are packaged in digital form starting from promotions through social media with digital content. The Ministry of Tourism also plays a role in promoting tourist destinations through Instagram, namely the existence of GenPI (Generasi Pesona Indonesia) which has succeeded in creating seven digital tourist destinations and 100 photogenic digital tour packages (Heliany, 2019). Indonesian tourism that has implemented digitalization in its development is Raja Ampat, Derawan Island, Floating Market Shopping Tour, Prambanan Temple, and so on.
The Indonesian Ministry of Tourism is pursuing Go Digital in the development of digital tourism with three programs, namely the Wondeful Startup Academy to develop tourism sector startups; nomadic tourism or portable temporary travel style to reach many objects; as well as digital destinations by following millennial developments in conducting search and share tourism.
• Indonesia Travel Website
The promotion of "Wonderful Indonesia" was intensified by the Ministry of Tourism as an effort to implement an e-tourism- based destination management organization. The promotion is intensively carried out through the website www.indonesia.travel. The Indonesia Travel website provides 360 virtual tours, recommended destination choices based on tourist attractions, travel e-books, traveler reviews, travel guides, and even search for hotel and flight booking tickets.
• TripAdvisor
The TripAdvisor portal is the largest travel website in Indonesia. On the www.tripadvisor.com site, travelers can easily find recommendations on hotels, resorts, vacations, travel packages, tour guides, flights, and vacation rentals. Trip Advisor offers advice as well as a variety of options and planning features with quick links to help bookings find the best hotel and flight prices. Trip Advisor reaches more than 350 million visitors worldwide (Banyumas Exploration, 2016)