CHAPTER VI
GROUP 02 KBI 55 reality, Payakumbuh has only managed to reduce its waste by 15.39%. Waste is transported to the Air Dingin Landfill in Padang City because Payakumbuh's landfill was damaged due to a landslide in 2023.
The landfill covers an area of 33 hectares and operates under a semi-controlled landfill system.
This method involves covering landfill cells with soil every three months. However, for landfills using this method, waste should ideally be covered every 3-7 days. The landfill facilities include heavy equipment such as bulldozers and excavators, trucks, an office, a sorting warehouse, a guard post, landfill cells, a belt conveyor, and a leachate management system.
6.3 Problem Identification (Tiara Rinelva/2210942046) 6.3.1 Waste Generation and Composition
The waste generation and composition in Payakumbuh City are influenced by land use, including domestic, commercial, institutional, and industrial areas. The composition of waste, both from domestic and non-domestic sources, is dominated by organic waste. This is due to the high amount of food waste and yard waste produced by high-income groups. The highest recycling potential is found in wet waste types, as food scraps and yard waste are easier and cheaper to process and utilize.
6.3.2 Service Level and Area
Payakumbuh City has a total area of 80.43 km², with a population of 146,731 people, consisting of five districts. It is categorized as a medium-sized and relatively developed city. However, waste management services in this city have not been fully handled by the municipal government, particularly by the Environmental Agency of Payakumbuh City. The Environmental Agency (DLH) is responsible for waste management in the five districts, facilitating the community in waste management from collection to final disposal at the landfill (TPA).
6.3.3 Waste Management Scale
The waste management scale implemented in Payakumbuh City is at the community level. This type of waste management serves specific areas or environments, such as residential areas, office buildings, and markets. The waste management process at this scale takes place in Integrated Waste Management Facilities (TPST). The usual process includes waste sorting, organic waste shredding, composting, compost screening, compost packaging, and plastic shredding for recycling.
6.3.4 Technical Operational Aspects 6.3.4.1 Storage System
The operational technical aspect of waste storage in Payakumbuh City follows both individual and communal approaches. Waste storage is carried out using various types of containers, such as plastic bins, sacks, baskets, and plastic containers. For the communal storage system, 8 m³ containers, 4 m³ permanent bins, and 1.32 m³ dust bins are used. Although waste sorting is practiced using separate containers, in reality, mixed waste is still frequently found in these containers.
6.3.4.2 Collection System
The waste collection system in Payakumbuh City varies depending on the area. For main roads, collection is carried out individually and directly, while for organized residential areas, it is done individually but indirectly. In areas with high community participation, collection follows a direct communal pattern, and for major roads, street sweeping is conducted. The collection process is assisted by motorized carts with a capacity of 0.75 m³. There are 18 units of motorized carts available since 2014. Although the collection equipment is still in good condition, some of the waste transport vehicles have exceeded their operational lifespan, which is limited to 3- 4 years.
6.3.4.3 Processing System
The waste processing system in Payakumbuh City has significantly evolved through various initiatives, including composting, the operation of Integrated Waste Management Facilities (TPST), and maggot cultivation. Composting is an effective method for converting organic waste into fertilizer beneficial for agriculture. Additionally, TPST functions as a facility for sorting and processing waste before being transported to the final disposal site, reducing the overall waste volume. Maggot cultivation, utilizing black soldier fly larvae, is an innovative alternative as it can rapidly process organic waste and produce animal feed. Other waste processing methods include plastic and paper recycling, waste bank programs that encourage residents to collect and recycle unused items, and the use of technologies such as incinerators for non-recyclable waste.
6.3.4.4 Transportation System
The waste transportation system in Payakumbuh City employs both the Hauled Container System (HCS) and the Stationary Container System (SCS). The HCS system applies to TPS sites using containers with armroll trucks of 8 m³ capacity. Meanwhile, the SCS system is used for transporting waste from TPS sites with permanent bins and dust bins, using dump trucks with a capacity of 12 m³. There are currently 3 dump trucks and 10 armroll trucks, some of which are in good condition, while others require minor repairs.
6.3.4.5 Final Processing System
Waste is transported to the Air Dingin landfill (TPA) in Padang City for disposal. The landfill covers an area of 33 hectares and operates under a semi-controlled landfill system. The TPA facilities include heavy machinery such as bulldozers and excavators, trucks, a TPA office, a sorting warehouse, a guard post, landfill areas, a belt conveyor, and a leachate treatment system.
Waste reduction efforts in Payakumbuh City have reached 79.30%. The existing waste management systems in Payakumbuh City include waste banks and Integrated Waste Management Units (TPST).
6.3.5 Non-Technical Aspects
Non-technical aspects of waste management in Payakumbuh City include regulations, financing, institutions, and community participation. Waste management regulations, including policies, strategies, and the Waste Master Plan (RIP), have been implemented in the city.
Funding for waste management comes from the Regional Budget (APBD) of Payakumbuh City and waste service fees. Waste management is handled by the Parks and Sanitation Department of the Environmental Agency (DLH) of Payakumbuh City, with support from the community.
GROUP 02 KBI 57 The community plays an active role by paying waste service fees and participating in waste processing through maggot cultivation, although overall participation remains low.
Additionally, some residents have joined waste banks, indicating increased awareness of waste management.
6.4 Development Needs (Muhammad Atsiil Dhaifullah/2210943036) 6.4.1 Service Level and Area (Muhammad Atsiil Dhaifullah/2210943036)
Waste management services in Payakumbuh City have not been fully handled by the City Government, especially the Environmental Agency of Payakumbuh City. Some areas still rely on self-management or assistance from other agencies. The Payakumbuh City Government needs to enhance and expand the service areas and levels of waste management in accordance with the standards set in SNI 19-2454-2002, which states that waste management service levels must reach 100%. The city center and main roads should be prioritized for full service coverage.
A waste management system based on the 3R approach at the regional level needs to be developed to improve waste management effectiveness.
6.4.2 Waste Management Scale
The development of waste management scale in Payakumbuh City involves the implementation of the Integrated method at the city level to handle non-domestic waste more effectively. Waste minimization efforts need to be enhanced to reduce the transportation burden to the landfill.
Area-based waste management is targeted to serve all designated service areas. Temporary Disposal Sites (TPS) can function as regional waste processing centers with activities such as waste transfer, recycling, or other forms of management. Processing at TPST includes composting, recycling, waste banks, compost houses, maggot cultivation, and Integrated Waste Processing Sites (TPST).
6.4.3 Waste Generation
Waste generation in Payakumbuh City comes from various sources, such as domestic, commercial, industrial, and institutional sources. Domestic waste is dominated by biodegradable organic waste, such as food scraps, as well as a significant amount of plastic waste. Commercial sources generate a large volume of food and paper waste. Industrial waste mainly consists of organic waste, such as food industry Residuals and plant waste. Institutional waste is dominated by paper and food Residuals. Currently, waste separation at the community level has not been optimally implemented, necessitating educational and socialization efforts regarding waste segregation before disposal.
6.4.4 Technical Operational Aspects 6.4.4.1 Reduction System
Currently, domestic waste management in Payakumbuh City has only been able to reduce around 17% of total waste generation. To increase efficiency, a comprehensive approach is needed, ranging from source reduction to processing at TPST and landfill sites. The government must also strengthen awareness campaigns about the 3R concept so that the public becomes more conscious of the importance of waste reduction.
6.4.4.2 Sorting System
Waste sorting must be categorized into five main types: hazardous and toxic waste (B3), biodegradable waste, reusable waste, recyclable waste, and residual waste. The appropriate use of containers for each category should be implemented to facilitate processing and prevent waste mixing.
6.4.4.3 Containment System
Individual containers used in Payakumbuh City include plastic bags, sacks, baskets, and plastic bins. For communal containment, there are 6 m3 containers, 3-4 m3 concrete bins, and 1 m3 wooden bins. The government should replace brick bins with containers that meet the SNI 19- 2454-2002 standard to facilitate waste transfer and transportation.
6.4.4.4 Collection System
Waste collection in Payakumbuh City follows individual direct, individual indirect, and communal direct patterns. Currently, collection is carried out using motorized tricycles, but it needs to be improved with the procurement of garbage trucks to enhance efficiency. According to SNI 3242-2008, the operational lifespan of motorized tricycles is 2-3 years, so vehicles that have exceeded their technical lifespan should be replaced.
6.4.4.5 Transfer and Transportation System
Waste transfer in Payakumbuh City has been carried out collaboratively by officers and the community. Waste transportation utilizes the HCS and SCS systems, where the HCS system uses amroll trucks to transport containers from TPS, while the SCS system uses dump trucks to transport brick bins and bins. Optimization of amroll truck rotation and replacement of transportation equipment in accordance with regulations need to be implemented to improve transportation efficiency.
6.4.4.6 Final Disposal Site (TPA)
Final waste processing is conducted at the landfill using the controlled landfill method. The Payakumbuh City landfill covers an area of 6.24 hectares and is equipped with basic facilities such as a weighbridge, heavy equipment, access roads, and leachate drainage channels.
Additional facilities for environmental protection and operations must be provided to enhance landfill management efficiency.
6.4.5 Non-Technical Aspects
6.4.5.1 Regulations and Legal Aspects
Waste management in Payakumbuh City lacks clear regional regulations regarding the establishment of waste management institutions. The Payakumbuh City Government must promptly implement relevant regulations, such as through a Mayor Regulation (PERWALI), to govern waste management policies and strategies more effectively.
6.4.5.2 Financial Aspects
The financing structure of waste management consists of two main components:
1. Investment costs, sourced from central and regional governments.
2. Operational costs, including:
a) Salaries and wages of workers.
GROUP 02 KBI 59 b) Transportation and fuel.
c) Maintenance and repairs.
d) Education and training.
e) Office and field administration.
Currently, only 1%-2% of the community contributes to operational costs. Socialization efforts regarding the importance of waste collection fees are necessary, including the implementation of waste bank concepts to encourage greater community participation.
6.4.5.3 Institutional Aspects
Waste management responsibilities in Payakumbuh City fall under the Environmental Agency (DLH), with support from the Public Works and Housing Agency (PUPR). Collaboration between these two agencies must be strengthened to expand service coverage. Alternative institutional forms that can be applied include:
1. A Sanitation Section under the Public Works Agency if the management remains at a small scale.
2. A Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) under the Public Works Agency if greater autonomy is required.
3. The Environmental Agency as the primary waste management unit.
4. A Regional Cleaning Company (PD Kebersihan) for an independent management system without government subsidies.
6.4.5.4 Community Participation Aspects
Community participation in waste management in Payakumbuh City is relatively good, especially in household waste collection. However, there is a need to increase public involvement in waste sorting and 3R-based waste management to ensure a more sustainable waste management system.
Table 6. 1 Identification of Problems and Development Needs for Waste Management in Payakumbuh City (Qualitative Approach)
No Parameter Existing Conditions Regulations Result Problems Development Needs
1 Service Level Waste management coverage in Payakumbuh City is 100%;
managed waste is 79.30%.
Household waste management should reach 70% of total
waste generation*. Met Waste management has not fully optimized technical and
non-technical aspects.
Improve management efficiency to optimize
overall coverage.
2 Service Area
Covers all five districts:
Payakumbuh Barat, Utara, Timur, Selatan, Limposi Tigo
Nagari.
Should serve all areas,
especially city centers*. Met - -
3 Waste Reduction Current reduction rate is
15.39%. Should reach 30% by 2025*. Not Met Low public awareness and limited reduction programs.
Increase awareness campaigns and implement more reduction initiatives.
4 Waste
Segregation
Segregation into organic and inorganic waste; not fully
optimized.
Should be segregated into 5
categories***. Not Met
Mixed waste found in communal bins; segregation
responsibilities not fully enforced.
Strengthen segregation practices with community
involvement.
5 Containment Uses plastic bins, sacks, and baskets; some waste still
scattered around bins.
Bins should be covered***. Not Met Inadequate containment leads to scattered waste.
Upgrade containers with proper covers and improve
maintenance.
6 Collection
Individual and communal systems with dump trucks (12
m³) and motor tricycles (0.75 m³).
Mechanical tools like trucks
required***. Met High dependence on old
collection vehicles. Renew aging fleet and optimize collection routes.
7 Transportation HCS with armroll trucks (8 m³);
SCS with dump trucks (12 m³). HCS uses armroll; SCS uses
dump trucks***. Met
Some dump trucks lightly damaged; insufficient trip
efficiency.
Repair damaged trucks and increase trip frequency.
8 Processing Composting, recycling at TPST, waste banks, and compost
houses.
Cities must provide processing
facilities***. Met Processing capacity insufficient compared to total waste.
Expand processing facilities and promote recycling
initiatives.
9 Final Disposal Site
TPA damaged (landslide in 2023); uses semi-controlled
landfill system (33 Ha).
Minimum requirement is
controlled landfill***. Not Met Infrequent landfill covering (every 3 months instead of 3-7
days).
Improve landfill management with regular
covering and facility upgrades.
10 Legal Aspect Existing waste management
regulations and RIP available. Requires specific local
regulations. Met - -
11 Financial Aspect Funded by local budget (APBD) and waste service fees.
Must be financed through
APBD***. Met - -
12 Institutional Aspect
Managed by Environmental Agency (DLH) of Payakumbuh
City.
Requires adequate institutions based on service
complexity***. Met - -
GROUP 02 KBI 61
No Parameter Existing Conditions Regulations Result Problems Development Needs
13 Community Involvement
Active participation in paying fees, maggot farming, and waste
banking (limited scale).
Community must be active in
waste management***. Partially Met
Participation still limited to a small segment of the
community.
Increase public engagement and expand community-
based waste programs.
Source: Payakumbuh City Waste Management and System Planning Design Project Data, 2025.
Description:
* Perpres No. 97 Tahun 2017;
**RPJMN 2014;
***Permen PU No. 3 Tahun 2013;
****UU No 18 Tahun 2008;
*****SNI 19-2454-2002.