H. Organization of D iscussion
5. Intimate S tyle
Intimate style is the most casual style, and it is usually used between couples or lovers, family members, and intimate friends. T he characteristics of this style are the use of private codes, words signaling intimate relation, rapid and slurred pronunciation, non-verbal communication, and the use of non- standard forms.
T able 2.5 Intimate S tyl e No
D ata C ode
Utterance 1 5 F or your birthday gifts?
2 14 Give me a kiss.
3 44 Hey, baby.
4 75 T hat's... It's $650. I'll have it in the next month.
5 112-113 Y ou know, when I... W hen I was a kid, I could go through a math book in a week.
6 130-132 L inda, that is what I am trying to do. T his is what I'm trying to do for my family... for you and for C hristopher.
7 199-202 "T en-Gallon H ead." I grew up in L ouisiana, near T exas.
E verybody wears cowboy hats. A nd a ten-gallon's a big hat. I was smart back then, so they called me T en-Gallon Head.
8 251 C an you feel it, baby?
9 415-416 Get the hell out of here, then, L inda.
Get the hell out of here.
C hristopher's staying with me.
10 431-433 L et me ask you something.
A re you happy? A ll right. B ecause I'm happy. A nd if you're happy and I'm happy, then that's a good thing, right?
11 1142 Give me a kiss.
12 1242-124 D on't... D on't even think something like that. M om left because of Mom. A nd you didn't have anything to do with that, okay?
13 1248 I love you.
B ased on J oos theory, the researcher found 13 utterances said by the main character in the movie were classified into intimate style. F rom the data table above, the researcher displayed the code of each data as well as the utterances said by the main character. In this case, the codes of the data were taken from the number of dialogues in the transcript of the movie.
B . E ducational V alue
B ased on the analyzing of the educational language in the transcript movie of ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’, the researcher found there are 28 utterances of the main character included into the category of educational value in ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie. T hey were 3 data represented the value of Honesty, 1 datum represented the value of B ravery, 1 datum represented the value of Peace, 3 data represented the value of C onfidence, 3 data represented the value of D iscipline, 1 datum represented the value of Purity, 3 data represented the value of L oyalty, 3 data represented the value of R espect, 5 data represented the value of L ove and A ffection, 1 datum represented the value of Unselfish, and 2 data represented the value of K ind and F riendly.
A ccording to E lmubarok, educational values are divided into 2 groups:
1. V alue of B eing
T he value of being is a value that exists in human being and then evolved into the behavior and the way we treat others. Here are the data found in the movie which included into the value of being:
T able 2.6
T he Utterances T hat R epresents the V alue of B eing No
E ducational V alue
Number of D ata
Utterances
1 Honesty
274
S omebody stole a scanner.
I had to run the old girl down...
505-506
S o the truth is... I was arrested for failure to pay parking tickets.
1106
I was here first. T hey told me that we had to be on time.
2 B rav ery
114
S o I'm gonna go see about what job they got down there.
1328 No, sir. No, sir, it wasn't.
3 Peace 431-433
L et me ask you something.
A re you happy? A ll right. B ecause I'm happy. A nd if you're happy and I'm happy, then that's a good thing, right?
4 C onfidence
181-182
Oh, yeah, I'm going to.
S o go ahead, say goodbye to it, because I'm coming back without it.
304-305
I can do it. No, I'm pretty sure I can do it.
517 Y es, sir, I wanna learn.
5 D iscipline
1 T ime to get up, man.
80
L et's get ready for bed.
Hey, put your plate in the sink.
1107 I got here on time. I was in line.
F rom the table above, the researcher displayed the utterances said by the main character reflecting the value of being. It consists with 6 values such as honesty, bravery, peace, confidence, discipline, and purity. T he researcher found 3 utterances that showed the value of honesty, 2 utterances showed the value of bravery, 1 utterance showed the value of peace, 3 utterances showed the value of confidence, and 3 utterances showed the value of discipline.
2. V alue of G iving
T he values of giving are the values that need to be applied or given and then be accepted as a given value. Here are the data found in the movie which included into the value of giving:
T able 2.7
T he Utterances T hat R epresents T he V alue of Giving No
E ducational V alue
Number of D ata
Utterances
1 L oyalty
726
I'm in a competitive internship at D ean W itter.
856-857
I came to apologise
for missing our appointment.
1217
L et me run up and grab that for you, Mr. F rohm.
2 R espect
39-40
T hank you for the opportunity to discuss it with you.
I appreciate it.
598-599
T hank you very much for inviting me into the programme.
I reall y appreciate it and I'd be very pleased to accept your invitation.
1002
T hank you for your time.
I appreciate it.
3
L ove and A ffection
14 Give me a kiss.
1091 W e gotta stay together.
1238 W arm enough?
1242
D on't... D on't even think something like that.
Mom left because of Mom.
A nd you didn't have anything to do with that, okay?
1248 I love you.
4 Unselfish 1219 F ive is good?
F rom the table above, the researcher displayed the utterances said by the main character reflecting the v alue of giving. It consists with 6 values such as loyalty, respect, love and affection, unselfish, kind and friendly, and fair and humane. T he researcher found 3 utterances that showed the value of loyalty, 3 utterances showed the value of respect, 5 utterances showed the value of love and affection, and 1 utterance showed the value of unselfish.
C H A PT E R I I I D I S C US S I O N
T his chapter contains the discussion of the research. T his is the main part of this research. Here, the researcher will present further explanation from the data display and research finding. In this part the researcher will discuss the utterances of the main character that contains the language style and utterances of the main character that reflected kinds of educati onal values.
A . T ype of L anguage S tyle F ound in the Utter ances of T he M ain C har acter in
‘ T he Pur suit of H appyness’ M ovies
In this part, the researcher explained the data were taken from the transcript of ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie. T he researcher identified the language style used by the main character utterances based on Martin J oos theory which is consists with frozen style, formal style, consultative style, casual style and intimate style.
1. F r ozen S tyle
In this research, the researcher found no data in the transcript of the movie categorized into frozen style.
2. F or mal S tyle
D atum 1 (D ata number 39-40), this utterance is classified into formal style. T he setting of this conversation takes place in a hospital where the role
of C hris here was as a salesman who has a meeting with a doctor. One characteristics of formal style is occurring in a meeting, discussions or talk with someone. It was showed by how C hris manages the sentence carefull y.
D atum 2 (D ata number 144-145), B ased on J oos theory formal style is used when the dialogue was in serious condition such as in the office. T his utterance is classified into formal style because the situation where the conversation takes place was in the office. Here, C hris was also called his listener by using the word ‘ S ir’, it indicated the different status, social class or higher position. Moreover, the presence of C hris in that office was as a jobseeker who wants to apply the internship programme.
D atum 3 (D ata number 225-228), this utterance is classified into formal style. One characteristic of formal style is the tone is respectful and polite but impersonal. In this case, C hris was trying to talk about his application with Mr.
T wistle who was one of an important people in that office. T he sentence he used in his utterance was carefully planned and he also speaks fluently and politely to Mr. T wistle.
3. C onsultative S tyle
D atum 1 (D ata number 17-18), this utterance is classified into formal style because the conversation is between C hris and the public cleaning service on the alley. B ased on J oos theory, one characteristic of consultative style is the conversation between strangers. T he public cleaning service here is a stranger,
C hris met him on the road and complained him about the letter ‘ y’ in the word
‘ happyness’ and asked him to remove it.
D atum 2 (D ata number 100), this utterance can be classified as consultative style. C hris does not know who is M r. T wistle before and they met each other on the side of the road. It means they were strangers at that time and that is one characteristic of consultative style.
D atum 3 ( D ata number 137), this utterance is classified into consultative style. T he conversation was between C hris and a street musician lady. C hris was asked a favor to the lady, he wanted her to keep his portable bone-density scanner –a medical device he sells for living- just for a while because he was going to enter a brokerage firm. In this case, they never met before and they did not know each other, it means that the conversation happened between strangers.
4. C asual S tyle
D atum 1 (D ata number 267-269), this utterance can be classified into casual style. In this case, C hris talked with his son in a relax situation. T he situation where this conversation occurred is when they were gathering at home and gave a birthday gift for his son. S o, the background of the dialogue occurred in informal situation. One characteristic of casual style is the conversation occurred between family or close friends.
D atum 2 ( D ata number 409), according to this conversation, C hris was used casual style in his utterance. He was speaking with his wife, and there was
a grammatical ellipsis on his sentence. H e said ‘ you hear me?’ it supposed to be ‘ did you hear me? ’. S o, that is one characteristic of a casual style based on J oos theory. A nother characteristic of casual style is also it used to talk or sharing with famil y or close friends. In this case, C hris was talking with his wife.
D atum 3 (D ata number 400-401), this utterance can be classified into casual style. In this dialogue, C hris was calling his friend by his name ‘ W ayne’
three times. T hat is one characteristic of casual style based on J oos theory.
Moreover, there was also a grammatical ellipsis in his utterance when he said
‘ can’t talk about numbers with you right now’ it supposed to be ‘ I can’t talk about numbers with you right now’. Here, it also one characteristic of casual style where he used grammar in communicate with their close friend.
5. I ntimate S tyle
D atum 1 (D ata number 5), this utterance can be classified into intimate style. Here, C hris was talking with his son and they talked about his son’s birthday gift. It indicated that they have a close relationship. Moreover, based on J oos theory the intimate style is used to talk with family, beloved ones and a very close friend.
D atum 2 (D ata number 14), this utterance is classified into intimate style. C hris was talking with his son and asked him to give a kiss. It indicates that the situation is intimate between a father and the son. It also indicates that C hris was showing him his love as his father.
D atum 3 (D ata number 44), this utterance is classified into intimate style. In this dialogue, C hris was approaching his wife and called her by a lovely call which is directed to special one. T he word ‘ baby’ he used in the situation gave an intimacy signal that indicated the intimate itself.
B . T he M ost D ominant L anguage S tyle Used by T he M ain C har acter in ‘ T he Pur suit of H appyness’ M ovie
A fter analyzing the data, the researcher found there are 39 data of language style based on J oos theory in ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie. F rom 39 data which are taken by the researcher, there is no data belong to F rozen style, 9 (23%) data for F ormal style, 5 (13%) data for C onsultative style, 12 (31%) for C asual style, and 13 (33%) data for Intimate style. T he data show that intimate style is the most dominant language style used by the main character in the movie.
In this research, the researcher onl y focused to analyze the language style in the utterance of the main character in the movie. T his finding has the similarities with Iren’s research entitled L anguage S tyles in ‘ L ove R osie’ Movie: a S ociolinguistic A nalysis”. T he result of Iren’s research is the most dominant language style occurs in the movie is intimate styl e. S imilarl y, the result of this research is also found out that the most frequent language style occured in ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie is intimate style. T his happens because in ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie, the participant and the setting those influencing the main character mostl y part of his famil y such as his son and his wife. Hence, the main character more used intimate style.
C . E ducational V alue R eflected fr om the Utter ances of the M ain C har acter in
‘ T he Pur suit of H appyness’ M ovie
In this part, the researcher shows the educational value found in the movie and anal yzed it. T he educational values are arranged inside the movie by the lesson of principle of life and moral. B ased on the finding above,the educational values found in this movie are honesty, brave, confidence, discipline, purity, l oyalty, respect, love and affection, and unselfish. Here, the researcher will explain and analyze the utterance of the main character that presents the principles of educational value:
1. H onesty
Honesty can be defined as an attitude or behavior that appear and come from our deep heart, saying or doing something accordance with the situation.
T he characteristics of honesty are telling the truth when he is asked about something, often connoted with the positive attribute such as integrity, straightforwardness, says what he/she thinks and believes to be right. In this movie, the value of honesty can be seen in the utterance of C hris in some parts of the movie as follows:
C hris : S omebody stole a scanner . I had to r un the old gir l down…
L inda : W hatever C hris : W hat?
L inda : W hatever, C hris.
A nalysis:
T he conversation above takes place in the house. It happens when C hris and his son just went home and brought two scanners in his hands. In this case, he was supposed to sell it and earnt money from the sales. B ut unfortunately, the day before there was a girl who stole it from him and today, he was succeed to get it back, that is why he brought two scanners home. On the other hand, L inda was upset and got mad because he could not even sell one of it. In the dialogue above, C hris was trying to be honest and explained the real reason about why he brought two scanners home. E ven so, L inda was kept ignore him and also mad at him.
His utterance above can be seen as the representative of the value of honesty. It is because one characteristic of honesty is telling the truth or saying something accordance the real situation.
2. B r aver y
B ravery can be defined as the attitude that occurs from someone who dares to try or do something tough or difficult. In this movie, the value of bravery can be seen in the utterance of C hris in some parts of the movie as follows:
C hris : S o I ’m gonna go see about what j ob they got down ther e.
L inda : W hat job?
C hris : S tockbroker.
A nalysis:
T he conversation above takes place in the house. Here, C hris was trying to convince L inda that he wanted to look for a job in that firm. D espite of his background, he was brave enough to appl ying a job in that company even the chance of getting hired is small.
3. C onfidence
C onfidence can be defined as the manner to feeling sure of yourself.
One characteristic of confidence is believed in themselves, it means that confident people strongly believe that their life fulfills a special important purpose in the world. In this movie, the value of confidence can be seen in the utterance of C hris in some parts of the movie as follows:
L inda : C ome back without that, please.
C hris : O h, yeah, I ’m going to.
C hris : S o go ahead, say goodbye to it, B ecause I ’m coming back without it.
A nalysis:
B ased on the conversation above, C hris is about to leave the house to go to sales his scanner when L inda said ‘ come back without that, please’. In the hope that C hris will manage to sell it and earn money for paying the rent and the tax. In this conversation, C hris replied her confidently by saying ‘ oh, yeah, I’m going to. S o go ahead, say goodbye to it, because I’m coming back without
it’. F rom this utterance, we can see the value of confidence through his words.
He was really confident that he will manage to sell it. One characteristic of confident person is believed in himself.
4. D iscipline
D iscipline can be defined as a human consistency on their habit, commitment, consequence, or agreement to do something relate to the rules that has been agreed. In this movie, the value of discipline can be seen in the utterance of C hris in some parts of the movie as follows:
C hris : T ime to get up, man.
C hristopher: A ll right, D ad.
C hris : C ome on.
A nalysis:
F rom the conversation above, we can see the value of discipline in C hris utterance when he tried to wake his son. T he value of discipline can be seen as one attitude they got from their habit. In this case, C hris was trying to embed the value of discipline in his son by woke him up earl y in the morning and starts the activity.
5. Pur ity
Purity is the condition or quality of being pure, morally clean without blemish. It also can be define as the way human being real about themselves
and accept how they really are. In this movie, the value of purity can be seen in the utterance of C hris in some parts of the movie as follows:
C hris : C an I say something?
I ’m the type of per son.. I f you ask me a question, A nd I don’t k now the answer.... I ’m gonna tell you that I don’t k now. B ut I bet you what. I k now how to find the answer, and I will find the answer.
Mr. F rohm : C hris… . A nalysis:
In this conversation, C hris was trying to explain to the interviewers about himself. He was trying to convince them that he was worth to be hired.
In his utterance, he was defining himself as a hard work person by telling them about how he reall y is. T his is one characteristic of a pure one, such as the way human being real about themselves and accepts how they reall y are.
6. L oyalty
L oyalty is a condition or quality of being loyal, faithfulness to commitments or obligations. A loyalty people usually ready to help, ready to support, ready to serve and trusted in carrying out consistent promises. It can be showed to family, to the school, to work, and to organizations and other institutions that are responsible to us. In this movie, the value of loyalty can be seen in the utterance of C hris in some parts of the movie as follows:
S tranger : Hey, you just got hit by a car.