H. Organization of D iscussion
2. V alue of Giving
T he values of giving are the values that need to be applied or given and then be accepted as a given value. V alues of giving can be seen as follows:
a) L oyalty
L oyalty is a condition or quality of being loyal, faithfulness to commitments or obligations. L oyal can be showed to famil y, to the school, to work, and to organizations and other institutions that are responsible to us. A loyalty people usually ready to help, ready to support, ready to serve and trusted in carrying out consistent promises.
b) R espect
R espect is a way of treating or thinking about someone or something elicited by their achievement, abilities or qualities. It also defined as an act where shows that you are aware of someone’s right, wishes etc. R espect can be applied for property rights, respect for elders, respect for the father and mother, respect for nature, and respect for the beliefs and rights of others civilized, polite behavior or even respect to yourself. C haracteristics of respect are treating other people with respect such as respect their feelings, wishes or tradition, do not use bad language, be tolerant and accepting of differences, use good manners, deal peacefull y with anger, insults, and disagreements.
34
c) L ove and A ffection
34
S elvy S uryati, “ A n analysis of educational values in “L IF E OF PI” movie”, ( T hesis, T arbiyah and T eaching T raining R aden Intan S tate Islamic U niversity, L ampung, 2018), p. 19.
L ove and affection are a positive feeling of human being for express to other people or things. L ove is more than just a loyal and respectful. It can be shown to our friends, neighbors, partner, families, etc. A ffection can be defined as a feeling or liking and caring for someone or something.
35
d) Unselfish
Unselfish is a feeling where you care and considers to others people. It is one attitude where you show more care or attentions to others, learn to feel the togetherness and compassion toward others.
It is usuall y shown by expressions such as empathy, tolerance, and brotherhood.
e) K ind and F riendly
K ind is a good manner of people to others or things. It can be shown by tenderness, especially on the younger or weaker.
F riendl y usually means that someone’s behaviors that shows the characteristics of a friend such as helpful, affectionate and being kind. It capable of making new friends and maintain friendships.
f) F air and Humane
F air is a manner of treating someone in a way that is right or reasonable, or treating a group of people equally and not permit
35
Ibid.
your personal opinion to influence the judgment. Humane is characterized by compassion, kindness, tenderness and sympathy for people or things. It is the point of view of the natural consequences and the l aw of cause and effect.
A ccording to the explanation above, the researcher takes
conclusion that there are many educational values which can build students’ character. E ducational values are not only can be found in a formal education, but also it can be found everywhere such as from friends, famil y, environment, or literature like on a movie.
In teaching E nglish, the teacher at schools must firstly look at the needs and interests of students and the environment to be potential for development.
38
In this case, Movie can also be a great support for an E nglish teacher to be more innovative, motivating to use in E nglish classes. A ccording to C hampoux there are several advantages of movie in teaching E nglish:
a.Movies are enjoyable, familiar media to contemporary students that can keep student interest in the theories and concepts under discussion. S tudents can manage to see the theories and concepts in real action.
b .Nowadays movie can easily be found on videotape of high resolution. T he high production qualities of these senses allow strong effects in a short time.
c.Movie also can be another alternative for field trips and other real world visits. W hile most movies are fiction, they can offer powerful imagination for students.
d.S tudents can sharpen their analytical skill by analyzing and identifying movie scenes with the theories and concepts they are studying. Movie also can gives students the experience of world beyond their own, especially if the scenes sharpl y differ from their culture or local environment.
38 Muhammad, Hasbullah et, al, “Implementation of E nglish subject curriculum in Islamic secondary schools in Indonesia using D elphi method”, X L inguae, vol.12, Issue 4, October 2019, p. 146.
e .Movie offer both cognitive and affective experiences. T hey can generate a good discussion, evaluate someone’s values and self-introspections if the scenes have strong emotional content
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6. ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ Movie
T he Pursuit of happiness is a 2006 A merican biographical drama film directed by Gabriele Muccino and starring W ill S mith as C hris Gardner (T he main character in this movie).
40
T his film is inspired from a true story that tells about a man named C hris G ardner, who is very smart, hardworking and talented. Unfortunatel y, he did not get a job suit to his talents. He had to earn money to support his family by worked as a salesman bone-density scanner to work part-time hours.
S eemingl y selling bone-density scanners it is not that easy for him because he was hardl y sold one of it. His wife L inda was forced to add more shift work to gain more dollars to help pay the bills. S he became more stress, because she had to become the backbone of the family. W ith frustrated, she finally chooses to left C hris gardner and their onl y child. A ctuall y, L inda wants to take C hristopher away, but C hris gardner insists that he wanted C hristopher to live with him.
39
J oseph E . C hampoux, F ilm as a Teaching Resource, (New Mexico: T he University of New Mexico, 2007) , p.11.
40
‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’, on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T he_ Pursuit_ of_ Happyness accessed on 18 May 2020, at 01.08.
In desperation, C hris Gardner accidentally met someone who ride a red F errari. C hris G ardner asked him,” what was his job so that he can afford to buy a luxury car? ” T he man answered that he was a stockbroker. S ince then C hris decided for a career as a stockbroker.
Not only have been left by his wife, he also had unpaid tax bill that makes the IR S confiscate his savings. A fter that he was also expelled from the apartment because of delinquent payments. T he only car owned by C hris Gardner was taken because C hris Gardner could not afford to pay for the parking.
C hris Gardner keep focuses and optimists and try to appl y the internship at D ean W itter stock brokerage firm. He was competed with 19 other people to get the paid position as a stockbroker. A t the end of the story, C hris Gardner manages to be the best participants and accepted to get the paid position there. S everal years later, he founded his own brokerage firm, Gardner R ich. In 2006, he sold a small stake and managed to get millions of dollars from the sale.
T here are several reasons why the researcher chooses this movie. T his movie mainly uses the language in the daily activity and interactions among the actors. A s well as the main character in this movie which has so many different settings, role, or situation that can affect the language style he used in communication such as when he speaks with his boss at the office, or when he speaks with his son. A ll of those matters will make it easier for the researcher
to anal yze the language style and the educational value that occur in his utterances in the movie.
G . R esear ch M ethod
1. A pproach and types of research a. A pproach of R esearch
T his research applied a qualitative approach. A ccording to C reswell, qualitative research is investigating and understanding the meaning individuals or groups consider to a social or human problem.
41
Moreover, based on L ia L itosseliti qualitative is deal with patterns and structures, and how something is.
42
F urthermore, W ahyuni explained that Qualitative is an inductive approach and the purpose is to gain a deeper understanding of a person‘ s or people’s experience.
43
F rom the explanations above, this approach is the most suitable and appropriate for analyzing the subjects because it considered resulting in a detail description about language style and the educational values found in the movie.
b. T ype of R esearch
T his research used a descriptive qualitative method. A ccording to A ry, descriptive research is a method used to gain information about existing situations or conditions and have been widely applied in
41
C reswell and J ohn W . E ducational Research F ourth E dition, (B oston: Pearson, 2012), p. 4.
42
L ia L itosseliti, Research Methods in linguistics, ( New Y ork: C ontinuum, 2010) , p. 52.
43
W ahyuni, Qualitative Research Method: T heory and P ractice, ( J akarta: Salemba E mpat, 2012) , p.76.
educational research.
44
Hence, it is suitable to use this type of research because this research also wants to obtain the information about the language style used in the movie based on J oos theory and give a description on it. It also helped the researcher to anal yzed the educational values which is consist in the movie.
2. T he Presence of R esearcher
T he presence of researcher in qualitative research in the place where the research was conducted is necessary and optimally needed. T he researcher is the main key instrument for anal yzing and at the same time as a data collection tool. It means that this research was anal yzed based on the researcher’s point of views related to the theory that is used in this research.
3. S etting of R esearch
T his research was conducted as content or document analysis and categorized as a non-field research. It means the researcher was identifying specified characteristics of the visual material. In this case, the researcher analyzed the content of a movie’s data script.
4. S ource of D ata
A ccording to Hornby, data are information of fact. In research, the data are very necessary to finding and solving the problem.
45
T he data for this
44
A ry D onald, Introduction to Research in E ducation: third edition, ( New Y ork: C B S C ollege Publishing, 1985) , p. 322.
45
Hornby. Oxford Advance L earner‟s D ictionary of C urrent E nglish. (New Y ork: Oxford University Press, 2011), p.109.
In this research, the data was collected by appl ying purposive sample method. A ccording to Hadi, in purposive sampling the selection of a group of subjects is based on previously identified characteristics or characteristics of the population. Purposive sampling is based on previous information about the population and this information cannot be doubted.
46
F or this reason, the researcher selected the data that can be a representative of the whole data in the movie. In this research, the researcher used note taking as the instrument of research. T he procedures of collecting the data can be shown as follows:
a.T he researcher watched and observed closel y ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’
movie.
b .R ead the movie transcript downloaded from https://isubtitles.org/the- pursuit-of-happyness/english-subtitles/1434451
c.Marked the dialogue that contain W ill S mith utterance
d.A rranged them into tables which contain the language style based on J oos theory and the language style. A fter that, gave a code for each datum to ease the analysis process.
46
Hadi, Methodology Research, ( Y ogyakarta: Penerbit A ndi Y ogya, 2004) , p.91.
e .A nalyzed the data transcript dialogue used by W ill S mith on the movie based on the types of language style by J oos and the utterances that represent types of educational value
f.T he last, the researcher interpreted the result of analysis to make the conclusion
A fter the researcher did several steps in collecting the data, the researcher gave some codes of each datum in order to be easy to analyzing the data. T he data coding can be seen as follows:
a. W ill Smith as the main character of ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie was abbreviated into (W S )
b. T he number of each datum
c. T he form of L anguage S tyle was abbreviated into ( L S )
d. T he type of L anguage style which are F rozen for frozen style, F ormal for formal style, C onsultative for consultative style, C asual for casual style, and Intimate for intimate style.
e. T he form of E ducational V alue was abbreviated into (E V ) f. T he types of E ducational V alue:
1) V alue of B eing
a) Honesty becomes ( HN) b) B rave become ( B R ) c) Peace becomes (PC )
d) C onfident and Potential becomes (C F ) e) D iscipline becomes (D C )
f) Purity becomes (PR ) 2) V alue of Giving
a) L oyalty and T rustworthiness becomes ( L Y ) b) R espect becomes (R P)
c) L ove and A ffection becomes ( L V ) d) Unselfish becomes (US )
e) K ind and F riendly becomes (K F ) f) F air and Humanist becomes (F H) 6. T echnique of data anal ysis
A ccording to Nazir, he stated that descriptive method is a method of research that creates the description of the situation of event or occasion.
47
T he researcher used it in analyzing the data by provide a description about five language styles by Martin J oos.
In this study, the researcher applied technique of data analysis based on Miles and Huberman which covered four steps: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.
48
a. D ata C ollection
47
M Nazir, Metode P enelitian. ( J akarta : Ghalia Indonesia, 2005) . P.64.
48
Miles and Huberman, Qualitative D ata Analysis, (UK : SA GE Publications, 2014), p.10.
T he process of data collection and data anal ysis are the cyclical and interactive process. T hus, during the data collection the researcher circulates among these steps continually in order to comprehend all of the information needed in the next steps of data analysis. In the other words, it is the step where the researcher tries to find out the ‘ raw’ data that would be reduced, displayed, and concluded. In this case, the researcher collected the data of language style and the educational value in the utterances of the main character in ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie. In this process, the researcher collected the data by watching and observing the movie especiall y with the utterances spoken by the main character in this movie.
A s well as the researcher read the transcript of the movie and then compared it with the dialogues in the movie.
b. D ata R eduction
D ata reduction refers to the process of selecting, simplifying, focusing, abstracting, and transforming the data that come up in written-up field notes or transcript.
49
In this stage, the researchers have to separate the relevant data from the irrelevant ones. T hrough this step the researcher focuses on the data that was anal yzed. It eased the researcher to continues the collecting the data.
49
Ibid.
In this research, the researcher focused on the utterance or the dialogue transcript of W ill S mith as the main character in ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie that shows the language styl e based on Martin J oos theory and educational value.
c. D ata D isplay
T he next step is data display. A display is an organized, compressed framing of information that permits conclusion drawing and the action. S eeing at displays will help us to understand what is happening and do something either analyze further or take action-based on that understanding.
50
In data display, to help the researcher answers the first and second questions of the statement problems above the researcher was classified the dialogue or the utterance of the main character that have been selected into five style based on J oos theory.
S imilarly, to support the third statement problem the researcher was also arranged the data into table and classified the dialogue or the utterance of the main character into the types of educational value.
d. C onclusion
T he last step of qualitative data analysis is drawing the conclusion and verification. C onclusions are also verified as the anal yst process. T he conclusion drawing is started after the data were collected by making
50
Ibid, 11.
temporary conclusion. In the other words, it can be said that the conclusion is anal yzed continuously and verified the validity to get the perfect conclusion about the language style and educati onal value based on the utterances of W ill S mith as the main character in ”‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’” movie.
7. T rustworthiness
In conducting a research, researcher must obtain valid data. T his part of research points how the way data can get the trustworthiness. In this research, the researcher used triangulation to check the trustworthiness of the data.
A s described by Moleong, T riangulation is a technique that employ data validity that exploits something else.
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T here are four kinds of triangulation:
method triangulation, source triangulation, theories triangulation and investigator triangulation. In this study, the researcher uses source of data triangulation by observing the whole story of the movie and the context of the dialogue. T hen, the researcher crosses check the dialogue in the movie with the transcript data to get more valid anal ysis.
H . O r ganization of D iscussion
C hapter I consists with the introduction. In this chapter the researcher describes the research background that shows the reason why the researcher conducted the research. F or that reason, the researcher formulates the problem
51
Moleong, L .J , Metodologi P enelitian K ualitatif E disi Revisi, ( B andung: PT . R emaja R osdakarya, 2011) , p.330.
statement, objective and significance of the research, scope and setting of the research, literature review, theoretical framework, research method, and the last is systematical of discussion.
C hapter II. In this chapter, the researcher explains the data display and findings of the research. T his part represents the result of the research through some steps as mentioned in the research method in the chapter I. It involves the data script and the classification of language style and educational value in the utterances or dialogue by the main character in the movie.
C hapter III. In this chapter, the researcher is discussing the analyzing process of the research findings as explained in the chapter II based on research perspective or theoretical bases. T he findings is designed to answer all of the statement of problems in the C hapter I, they are the identification of language style used by the main character in the movie, the most dominant language styl e used by the main character in the movie, and the educational value found in the utterances or dialogue of the main character in the movie.
C hapter IV . In this chapter, the researcher provides the conclusions and the suggestions of the research. In conclusion, the answer of the research statement problems is represented by the researcher. T hen in the suggestion, the researcher gives suggestion and recommendation to the readers, students and other researchers who are interested in this topic.
C H A PT E R I I
D A T A D I S PL A Y A ND F I ND I NG S
T his chapter contains the data display and findings of L anguage S tyle and E ducational V alue found in the utterances of the main character in ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie. T his chapter also presents the analysis of the data in table and in detail.
A . L anguage S tyle
T his research finding presents to answer the first research question about the types of language style found in the utterance of the main character in
‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’ movie and the second question about the dominant language style used by W ill S mith in the movie. Here, the researcher displays the summary of the finding before anal yzing the data in details. T he finding of data will be display in the table as follows:
T able 2.1
T ype of L anguage S tyle used by W ill S mith on ‘ T he Pursuit of Happyness’
Movie No.
T ype of L anguage S tyle
D ata C ode T otal data Per centage
1. F rozen - 0 0
2. F ormal
39-40, 144-145, 225-228, 232- 233, 290-291, 375, 460, 517,
595.
9 23%
3. C onsultative 17-18, 100, 137, 159, 452 5 13%
4. C asual
267-269, 409, 400-401, 546, 557, 611, 704, 882-883, 953,
959, 1217, 1293,
12 31%