CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
A. Previous Study
3. Media
be used is brainstorming. Teachers can give a word as a theme, then students mention the least words with the theme.
4) Testing vocabulary
There are many kinds of tests, like matching, dictation, multiple-choice, and so on.
students will understand clearly about the topic. There is the term
“self-instruction” which formulates that learning does not only depend on the teacher or it can also be called the term “instructor-independent instruction” so that the learning process takes place more centered on students.38 In General, media is a tool in the teaching and learning process that can stimulate attention, thought, ability, and skills.39 So it can be concluded that learning media are tools and facilities used as a communication intermediary to convey teaching materials carried out by educators to students during the learning activity process. The application of learning media is also assessed as an effective and efficient tool and can increase the creativity of educators and students if the use of media is done appropriately.
b. Types of Media
In the learning process, there are several types of learning media that need to be known. The types of media in question namely:
1) Visual media is media that students can see and touch, example:
Scrabble, photos, and pictures
2) Audio media is media that contains recorded text to be heard, example: Tape recorder and radio
3) Audio visual media is media that can be seen, heard, and touched, example: Television
38 Anshori Sodiq, Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Sebagai Media Pembelajaran, Civic-Culture: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Pkn dan Sosial Budaya, t.t, p. 91
39 Ibid, p. 90
To get the quality of good learning media to provide significant influence in the teaching and learning process of students in the classroom, it is necessary to choose and plan the use of good and appropriate learning media. Media selection this proper learning makes learning media effectively used and not useless if implemented in the classroom. Media selection criteria come from the concept that learning media is part of the overall instructional system.
c. Function of Media
Media has many functions, the main function of teaching media is as a teaching aid that affects the learning environment. Previously it was explained that learning media is anything that can convey or channel messages from something resources in a planned and efficient manner to create an environment conducive environment where the recipient can carry out learning activities effectively and efficiently.
Media can be said to be useful if teachers and students are not mistaken in choosing which media is right to support the learning activities that are taking place at the time. This is because learning activities are dynamic or changeable both in terms of teaching materials and learning objectives. Therefore, in choosing media several factors need to be considered, namely learning objectives and teaching materials, cost available, students characteristics, and technical quality.
Yhudi Munadi stated functions of media focuses in two stages which are analyzing function based on media and based on
usefulness.40Analyzing functions based on media is divided into three functions:
1) Instructional media as a source of learning
Instructional media is part of learning resources and at the same time an integral part of educational technology which needs to be utilized to support the effectiveness of the learning process.
Instructional media that are used optimally can help teachers teach and reduce students boredom.
2) Semantic function
In the learning process, sometimes students find symbols or terms that they don’t normaly find. Learning media is able to explain these symbols and teerms well and even in an interesting way.
3) Manipulative function
Learning media is able to provide a manipulative function, it can to manipulate objects and events according to their situations, conditions, goals and objectives.
Based on usefulness is divided into two functions:
1) Psychological function
As a psychological function, the media can increase students attention to teaching materials, besides that, the media is also able
40 Yhudi Munadi, Media Pembelajaran, 2012
to evoke feelings, emotions, and levels of acceptance or rejection of something.
2) Sociocultural function
Students have different environmental and cultural backgrounds. The meaning of a symbol or term may be different in each culture/environment where students live. The media has a sociocultural function, namely the ability to overcome obstacles in conveying messages due to the cultural differences of each student.
The role of the media can equate the perceptions of each student with a different understanding.
Other functions of media are to attract the concentration of students, bring enjoyment to students while learning, arouse the emotions and attitude of students, streamline the mastery of information, provide a learning context for students, and arouse students’ interest, motivation and enjoyment.41
According to Zainal Aqib started opinions regarding the use or benefits of learning media namely:
a) Uniformize the delivery of material b) Learning is clearly and more interesting
c) The learning process becomes more interactive, effective, and efficient
41 Nafiah, Himatum, Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual Terhadap Hasil Belajar Seni Budaya dan Keterampilan (SBK), Demak, 2012
d) Fostering a positive attitude towards learning and learning teaching material
e) Increasing the role of the teacher in a more positive direction and productive42
Through the various opinions that have been described, it can be concluded that learning media has many uses both from the point of view of the teacher and the point of view of students as learners. And teaching media is something that can be used to deliver the message or material from sender or teacher to receiver or students.