CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Formulation Role Model of Village Government
Based on observations in the field as well as in-depth study conducted by a group discussion (FGD) involving elements of the research team and public servants (key person) at the village, district and county. It was found that there are several important factors, related to the role of village government in realizing BaitulMaalwaTamwil-Village (BMT-D) which is the metamorphosis of the village barns, namely: (i) the form of business entity, (ii) the owner of BMT-D, ( iii) management of BMT-D, (iv) the duties and authority related to food security improvement program level rural communities (v) statutesandbylaws of BMT-D (AD-ART), (vi) the organizer of BMT-D and (vii) the funding source BMT-D. So based on these important factors can be formulated how the role of the village government to improve the food security of rural communities through agencies village barns that have been developed (revitalized) into a village- owned enterprises (BUMD) engaged in food reserves and Islamic microfinance sector or called BaitulMaalwaTamwil-Village (BMT-D).
The strategic roles of the village government are as follows:
1. In the initial stage or growth, the village government do several things: (i) identification of the location (if LPD does not exist or has been there, but extinct) and identification of communities or groups of people who want to join in BMTD; (ii) The village Government outreach to the
community that has stood BMT-D; (iii) allocatingthe
villagegovernmentsocialgrantsfromthecentralgovernment, districtandprovincetorenovatethe physicalbuildingbarnsthathavebeendevelopedintoBMTD; and (iv) conduct an inventory of all assets and wealth of BMT-D.
2. In the developing stage, the village government role is to: (i) verifying the farmer or group of farmers who will get help and or interest-free loans from the BMT-D; (ii) dissemination of economic and social activity BMT-D; (Iii) together with experts (researchers) conduct training and mentoring organization of BMT-D; (iv) preparation of a business plan group (RUK) farmer;
(V) jointly organized a local government institutional strengthening programs; and (vi) jointly organized a program of strengthening local government food reserves.
3. In the maturity stage, the village government role in several respects: (i) social assistance funds for institutional strengthening farmer group members BMT-D; (ii) institutional strengthening of BMT-D; (iii) strengthening food reserves through BMT-D; (iv) conducting training for administrators to ensure the sustainability of the role of BMT-D for villagers.
4. The village government is the owner (commissioner) BMT-D as one of the village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) as mandated by Law Number 6 of 2014 on the village.
5. The village government has the authority to appoint and dismiss administrators BMT-D.
6. Together with local governments and researchers (experts in the field of microfinance and food reserves) to design and draw up a statutes and bylaws (AD-ART) 7. The village government provides oversight and control to the management (board BMT-D).
8. The Government of the village with the management of BMT-D is authorized to manage the business related to efforts to improve food security through food reserves management policy.
9. The duties of BMT-D operations conducted by the board that is fully responsible to the village (village chief).
10. Together with the district looking for and or BMT-D fund operations associated with increased access to capital for farmers.
11. As a government entity is entitled to income from operations, which will be used to improve
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12. Together with the management, the village government can play a role in addressing the scarcity of fertilizers, medicines and seeds through BMT-D
Role of Food Barn Village
The results of the study in the first year it was found that the performance of its special food production of grain or rice has increased significantly from year to year, but the increase in production has not been able to keep pace with the growing of rice consumption is higher than the growth of the rice production. This shows that seen from the aspect of food availability, food security in the area of research is still very low, because it is not able to provide food for all the people in the study area. The proportion (share) of household expenditure for food is much higher than household expenditure on non-food material needs, with an average of 78 percent for the needs of food, while 22 percent for non-food needs. This shows that the views of the components of food affordability, public (households) in the study area, in the category of vulnerable to food.
Based on observations in the field found that the village barns in the area of research, most are not working properly, partly to extinction or are untraceable existence. Barnsvillageis one of thelocal
wisdom, its existenceis increasingly rare, becauseeroded bythe
globaleconomicdevelopmentandlifestyle ofmodern manthatthe more massive. In line with the findings Sibuea (2009), this study also found some things that cause barns village increasingly neglected, as an important instrument of food security.
1. Farmers tend to behave consumptive. Farming communities tend to not want to save the crops because it was considered 'troublesome', which adds to the chain of post-harvest work. So, if the harvest is abundant, farmers often do not keep it, but they are selling directly to immediately receive cash.
2. The development of models of other financial institutions. Many financial institutions provide credit facilities with easy terms for farmers, although with a very high interest rate. Farmers tend to be practical without trying to learn to manage their own farm capital.
3. Many farmers are trapped in debt bondage system. The urgent need is often encourage farmers to sell commodities to middlemen before harvest time. As the result,when the harvest, no food commodities that can be managed barns village to take benefits.
4. The attitude of farmers who tend apathetic. In accordance with the characteristics of local knowledge, the existence of the food basket of the village is based on a culture that has a very long life and practiced in rural areas, namely, fraternal and mutual cooperation. But the great value it has recently been degraded. This is due to the inclusion of urban culture and foreign culture to rural areas, resulting in institutional food basket of the village began to be abandoned.
The first year of research findings and the results of these observations, the main reason it needs to be the revitalization of the food basket of the village so that people or households can independently and continuously improve their food security. In line with these findings, field observations and in-depth study on the focus group discussion (FGD) found several reasons for the development of existing barns or has ever existed, namely:
1. The findings in some rural villages showed that the physical building barns or community residents and unfit for storing food (rice), because the use of woven bamboo walls and roof of the building using tile fragile, and a dirt floor.
2. The existence of the food basket of the village is closely linked to food security. This is understandable, because the village barns can meet food needs for the community as a whole, both in terms of availability, distribution and consumption of rural communities.
3. The existence of the village barn has undergone a long process of evolution. At first, the food basket of the village only a single function, namely as a store (buffer stock) rice yields. Rice storage barns in the village is done in anticipation of food shortages in the dry season;
anticipate the possibility of crop failure, the threat of pests and plant diseases; and anticipate climate anomalies and flooding. The next development, barns village serves as a control price.
In this case the farmer will save his crop (due to excess production or harvest) within a few months, then sell it when the price of rice at the market level is considered the most profitable.
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4. In accordance with the mandate of Law No. 68 of 2002 on food security states that "food security is the fulfillment of the conditions of food for households which is reflected in the availability of sufficient food, both in quantity and quality, safe, equitable and affordable". It also confirms that people have the widest possible opportunity to achieve food security, as in the following activities: (i) the production, trade, distribution and consumption of food; (Ii) held a public food reserves; and (3) the prevention and control of food problems.
5. The impact of climate anomalies is difficult to predict. This could potentially lead to greater uncertainty in production (crop failure, floods, and droughts) and the possibility of a natural disaster.
Food Barn Village (LPD)
LDP Revitalization Functions and Roles
BMT-D:
- Storing food reserves - Managing ZIS - Deposits and loans Muzakki:
The rich in rural communities and farmers and owners of agricultural land
APBDes APBD (Kabupaten)
Mustahik: Community/
Farmer Households in the category:
vulnerable, less and food insecurity Zakat Infaq and
Shadaqh
Revolving fund for productive capital on the basis of profit sharing (not a grant) but very soft micro credit Ministry of Agriculture:
Agricultural Advisory and or consultants usaha
Mentoring and farmer business consultants
Recruited and nurtured in farmers' group meeting activities initiated by BMT-D
Upgrading from the food insecure communities become food secure community or from mustahik be muzakki
Pay Zakat Infaq and Shadaqh Community /
household food insecurity
Figure 1. Function and Role Models LPD Revitalization
Based on the above findings, the revitalization of the function and role models barns village can be formulated. Revitalization is more focused on the expansion of the function and its role as a food reserve agency. Village barns not only serves as a storage area (buffer stock) post-harvest food, but also serves as an institution that provides access to capital for farmers or farmer groups; provide savings and credit facilities (deposits and loans with Islamic principles); procurement of seeds, fertilizers and insecticides; and manage the ZIS of society (farmers), by the community and for the community. The dual role played by BMT-D is expected to be effective and efficient in order to improve the food security of rural communities. To create maximum performance and productivity, the support of all parties, including farmers or farmer groups, village governance and good governance structures thereon, district or province is required.
Figure 1.shows a model for the revitalization of the function and role of the food basket of the village. That is a model that describes how the process of metamorphosis of barns single village that serves as a buffer stock (only for storing rice) turned into Islamic microfinance institutions (called the BMT-D) to carry out the functions and roles wider. Domestic household or rural communities that are categorized into groups of food insecurity became top priority program to improve food security targets. The existence of conventional rural barns has not been able to make a significant contribution
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to addressing the food insecurity in rural areas, because of physical function only as a store of rice yields to overcome the possibility of climate anomalies, natural disasters, and food insecurity.
The result of this study recommends that the needs for institutional development or revitalization of rural barns into Islamic microfinance institutions called BMT-D are running two main functions, namely: (1) the BaitulMaal, (social functions). Its main function is to manage the charity crop farmers; store food reserves; social assistance funds (BANSOS) of government; procurement of quality seeds, fertilizers and medicines free of charge; provide capital assistance (grants / qordhulhasan) to the community / farmer who fall into the category of food insecurity and (2) the Baitultamwil (business functions) that the procurement and lend seeds, fertilizers and medicines for crops with a system for results burdensome; control food prices; provide capital loans (loan) with the result that very soft and provide savings facilities in the form of food or cash (deposit).
In carrying out its functions BMT-D fully supported the village government, as owner (commissioner). In this case the village government purveyor of initial capital funds originates from the village budget revenue and expenditure (APBDes). To strengthen the capacity of institutions and increase productivity BMT-D, it also required the support of the source of funding comes from the district budget revenue and expenditure.To run a social function, Baitumaal, especially to manage the receipt and disbursement of Zakat, Infaq and shadaqoh (ZIS), BMT-D can raise funds from the obligatory zakat (muzakki) and the peasant landholders‘ compulsory Zakat crops. In this case the rich (muzakki) can pay their ZIS through BMT-D. Furthermore BMT-D distributes the proceeds from the ZIS collection of rural communities to communities or households that are vulnerable category of food, lack of food and food insecurity.
ZIS fund distribution to the poor, not only for basic needs (consumption), but also help the productive capital, aid quality seeds, fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. In that regard, the necessary strategic role of BMT-D to and empower communities around the BMT-D stand. Community empowerment can be done with a 'hold' the ministry of agriculture to provide agricultural extension workers. BMT-D can also cooperate with universities and agricultural or business consultant to develop farmers 'normal' to be farmer entrepreneurs.
To ensure empowerment of local communities BMT-D was sustained and continuous, it is necessary recruitment and guidance to farmers or farmer groups are becoming partners BMT-D. For example, every two weeks once held farmer group meeting activities initiated and organized by BMT- D to follow empowerment programs. So expect the results of the activities of this empowerment, community or household and food-insecure farmers could rise into the community food security class or from mustahik be muzakki or of ordinary farmers into agriculturalentrepreneurs. Because it has gone up the class into automatic muzakki community volunteer will deliver ZIS to BMT-D.