2. English. Such as increasing vocabulary, and learning the correct pronunciation of words.
3. It is recommended for further researchers, researchers hope this research can inspire other researchers to conduct further research on the factors influencing the students' low confidence in English speaking skills.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adel,C. (2015). Improving EFL students’ writing skill through a directed blog:
Case of students at Mohamed Khider University of Biskra.
Afisa, P., & Yolanda, S. (2015). The Students’ Difficulties In Speaking At TheTenth Grade Of SMA Negeri 1 Sine In 2014/2015 Academic Year(Doctoral dissertation,Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta).
Arikunto. S (1994). ProsedurPenelitian. Jakarta ;RinekaCipta
Aswad, M. (2017). Is It Truly Improvisational Exercise Push Students' Speaking Ability. Eduvelop, 1(1), 9-17.
Bongolan, L. (., Moir, E. R., & Baron, W. E. (2009). Keys to the secondaryclassroom.United States: SAGE Publications Inc.
Brown. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Fifth Edition.
New York: Pearson Education
Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). Teaching the spoken language (Vol. 2).
Cambridge university press.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles. New York. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Brown, H. L., & Wright, A. M. (2008). Negotiation research in auditing.
Accounting Horizons, 22(1), 91-109.
Chaudron, C. (1988). Research on Teaching and Learning : Second Language Classroom. Academic Journal.
Hadfield. 2009. Introduction to Teaching English. Oxford : Oxford University Press
Hidayat, N., &Herawati.A. (2012). An analisis factors influencing students’
speaking fluency. Bachelor thesis
Haidara.Y. (2016).Psychologicl factor affecting english speaking performancefor the English learners in Indonesia.Universal Journal of EducationalResearch 4(7): 1501-1505
55
Hakim, T. 2002. Mengatasi Rasa tidakpercayadiri. PuspaSwara
Hamad. (2013). Factors negatively affect speaking skills at saudi college for girls in the south. English Language Teaching, 6(12)
Harmer. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching. 4th Edition.England:
Pearson Education Limited
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331969036Students’ Self Confidence inSpeaking Skill
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331068337_factors_affecting_students' _confidence_in_public_speaking
Jenn, N,C,(2016). Designing a questionnaire. Malaysian family physician: the Official Journal of the Academy Physicians of Malaysia,1(1),32.
Julana, N.A.(2018)The Patterns of Classroom Interaction in English Speaking Course. SkripsiTesis Banda Aceh:UINAr-Raniry Banda Aceh
Kayi, H. 2006. Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. The Internet TESL Journal, vol.XII, no II, November 2006.Http://iteslj.org/Articles/Kayi-Teaching Speaking Html.Retrieved on May 28th2011.
Kees de Boot, et al. 2005. Second Language Acquisition: an Advance Resource Book. New York.
Kumpulainen K, W. a. (2002). Classroom Interaction and Social Learning.
Kurniawati, A. (2013). Improving The Self-Confidence In Speaking Practice By Using Role-Play Technique For The Eight Grade Students Of SmpMuhammadyah 3 Yogyakarta. SkripsiTesis. Yogyakarta:
UniversitasNegeri Yogyakarta.
Lai-Mei Leong &Seyedeh Masoumeh Ahmadi.(2017). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learners’ English Speaking Skill.School of Educational Studies, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Malaysia
Lee, J. S., &Drajati, N. A. (2019). Affective variables and informal digital learning of English: Keys to willingness to communicate in a second language. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(5), 168- 182
McMillan. (1987). MacMillan English, United States ofAmerica.
Muamaroh.(2013). Improving Indonesian university students’ spoken English using group work and cooperative learning.Bachelorthesis
Muhammad ArifPratama.(2017).Factors Affecting Students’ in Public Speaking.
FPBS IKIP Mataram. Kota Mataram,NTB.
Nugroho, P.(2017)Factors Affecting The Students’ Reluctance to Speak English in Clasroom Interaction. SkripsiTesis. Tulungangung:IAIN Tulungung.
Oradee, T. (2012). Developing speaking skills using three communicativeActivities (discussion, problem solving, and role playing) InternationalJournal of Social Science and Humanity, 533-535
Park & Lee.2003.Making Communication Happen. New York: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc
Pasaribu, E. (2011). THE STUDENTS'SELF CONFIDENCE IN LEARNING
ENGLISH AT SMPN 17 PEKANBARU (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan SyarifKasim Riau).
Pratiwi, I. (2013). Improving The Speaking Skill through Communicative Activities of The Eight Grade Students of Mts N 1 Mlati in The Academic
Year of 2012/2013. SkripsiTesis. Yogyakarta: UniversitasNegeri Yogyakarta. Punch, K.F(2009). Introduction to research method in education.Thousands
Oaks, California:SAGE
Qubein, N. R. 1990. LangkahPraktisMenujuSukses. Jakarta :Erlangga Raffini, James P. 1996. 150 Ways to Increase Intrinsic Motivation in
theClassroom. United State of America: library of Congress Cataloging inPublication Data.
Riasati, M. J. (2012). EFL learners’ perception of factors influencing willingness to speak English in language classrooms: A qualitative study. World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(10), 1287-1297.
Ryan, R.M. &Dosi, E.L. (2000). Ordinary and Extraordinary Self-Confidence:
Classic Definition and Direction. Contempory Educational Psychology, 5.
54-67. Doi : 101006?Ceps 1999-1020
Sapril, T. M. (2017). The correlation between students’self confidence and their speaking skill (In the Second Grade of the English Education Department of STKIP Garut). Journal Civics & Social Studies, 1(1).
Spratt, Marry, et. al. 2005.The TKT Course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta
Swan,M.(2005)Practical English Usage Third Edition. New York: Oxford University Press
Thornbury, S. 2005. How to Teach Speaking. London: Pearson Education Tridinanti, G. (2018). The correlation between speaking anxiety, self- confidence,
and speaking achievement of Undergraduate EFL students of private university in Palembang. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(4), 35-39.
Thursan.(2002). Mengatasi Rasa TidakPercayaDiri. Jakarta: PuspaSwara.
Tuan, N. H., & Mai, T. N. (2015).Factors affecting student’s speaking performance at LE Thanh Hien High School.Asian Journal of EducationalResearch, 3(2), 8-23.
Ward, L., Siegel, M. J., & Davenport, Z. (2012). First-generation college
students: Understanding and improving the experience from recruitment to commencement. John Wiley & Sons.
A
P
P
E
N
D
I
C
E
S
APPENDIX I
Interview
1. Do you like speaking subject?
2. Have you ever not confidence while you speaking in front of people?
3. What make your high self-confidence during the speaking subject?
4. What make you less of self-confidence during the speaking subject?
5. What trouble you always face during in speaking class?
6. Do you speak fluently when you have high self-confidence?
7. Do you always have filler while you perform in speaking subject?
8. Does self- confidence improve your speaking skill?
9. Does self -confidence improve your pronunciation?
10. Do you believe that if all of student in English department have high self- confidence they will have good speaking skill?
APPENDIX II MA
1. Researcher : Do you like speaking subject?
Sample: Yes I like speaking subject, why I like speaking subject?, because best on my experience when I learn about this subject, my lecture give us some videos to imitate how the speak. I think is funny to learn speaking because I can learn a lot of like accent, because I need to imitate from videos that my lecture give to me. So I think its funny to learn speaking subject.
2. Researcher: Have you ever not confidence while you speaking in front of people?
Sample: Of course I have felt not confidence because I don’t have many vocabulary I think for now although my vocabulary not too much, but I think now I’m confidence to speak in front of people.
3. Researcher: What make you high self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: I think, because my lecture said when you want to start to speak you need some confidence. So I apply in my mind. I say that I need to confidence to speak, don’t be shy.
4. Researcher: What make your less of self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: During the learning process, I was not confident when I first didn't know all my classmates and there was a friend of mine who was active (diligent). When asking questions, the lecturer always spoke English, I felt insecure. but during the time, the lecturers gave a lot of time, and if you learn speaking, don't be afraid, you have to be confident. I wasn't confident in the past because I lacked vocabulary and was afraid of making mistakes.
5. Researcher: What trouble you always face during in speakingclass?
Sample: limited vocabulary and limited tense, these also make me hesitate to speak.
6. Researcher: Do you speak fluently when you have high self-confidence?
Sample: Yes, when I have high self confidence. if I speak in front of people I think I can speak fluently because I m relax to speak and its different
between if I speak English but I shy, I will forget the English, and what I want to say.
7. Researcher: Do you always have filler while you perform in speaking subject?
Sample: Yes, like you can hear from my voice note before. I usually say that
“mm” aa” I don’t know why it spontaneity when I don’t know what want to say, and sometimes my brain blank when I speaking.
8. Researcher: Does self- confidence improve your speaking skill?
Sample: I think yes for me. if I speak when I shy, base on my experience event I know that what i want to say if I shy I feel nervous. So it can disturb my speaking, but when I have high confidence it easy to me for speaking in front of the people.
9. Researcher: Does self -confidence improve your pronunciation?
Sample: For me personally I think for self-confidence not improve pronunciation because my pronunciation come from how to I learn in the dictionary how to pronunciation that word. I think there not relation between self-confidence and pronunciation.
10. Researcher: Do you believe that if all of student in English department have high self-confidence they will have good speaking skill?
Sample: I think all of the students in English department have high self- confidence they will have a good speaking skill why, because most of our lesson in campus about basic of how we know English, like we learn about how to writing, how to reading, and of all of that most important thing is speaking skill. we have learned a lot on campus about the basics of the English language material itself such as tense, when you want to speak, we need have a high self confidence and we will have good speaking skill.
FN:
1. Researcher: Do you like speaking subject?
Sample: From my opinion, of course I like learning speaking let alone being a speaker, because as I know speaking is one of the communication media that can be caught and responded to by the speaker or the perpetrator, so when I do speak it means I can share information or other things. what kind of things the other person can understand directly and directly like that.
2. Researcher: Have you ever not confidence while you speaking in front of people?
Sample: sometimes, I feel not confidence if I speaking in front of people, like as we talk in front of the crowd it can’t talk carelessly, like you speak in your daily of your life, so you have to prepare what words, what sentence that you want to speak and anything that you want to express without disturbing your interlocutors, but if to overcome it it's better to prepare any concepts you want to express without offending other people with my words.
3. Researcher: What make your high self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: in my opinion, if I have mastered the topic of discussion or the topic of conversation that I have got, so if for example I have mastered the topic I just need to conceptualize and design what things I want to talk about with other people, explain to the crowd. After I compile that concept I feel confident when I can convey what I want to convey, from this I also prepare the way my
interlocutors understand what I say and what I mean.
4. Researcher: What make you less of self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: which makes me low confident in speaking subject I still lack vocabulary because I am also still learning English well
5. Researcher: What trouble you always face during in speaking class?
Sample: for that problem, during learning speaking, from my own lack of justification of words or vocabulary, because I myself am also learning to speak English well, so I also have a little difficulty finding words how I can express in class. Then if we are in speaking class there is a conversation or practical
assignment and my interlocutor is still lacking in English than that I also have difficulties so I also have to overcome it in a way I also help my friend how he says what he wants to express in English language.
6. Researcher: Do you speak fluently when you have high self-confidence?
Sample: yes, because when I feel confident I can express whatever is in my head well and when I am confident communication to friends or people when I convey something is better, and I can give feedback to friends it was a lot easier than I was feeling nervous or not confidence
7. Researcher: Do you always have filler while you perform in speaking subject?
Sample: yes sometimes, when I forget the sentence that I want to convey, because I am still lacking in vocabulary
8. Researcher: Does self- confidence improve your speaking skill?
Sample: Yes, from myself for self-confidence it is very important when I want to improve my speaking skills, because if I feel confident, I can control myself, and can prepare what I want to say to my friends and to many people and give information and feedback. In essence, from that belief is an important point where I can control myself and as a result I can improve my speaking skills.
9. Researcher: Does self -confidence improve your pronunciation?
Sample: Yes, as well as improving speaking skills, self-confidence also affects when I speak in good pronunciation with pronunciation, when I can control myself when I get the confidence to speak in front of the crowd, of course my pronunciation and my pronunciation will be much better and people can pick up on what are the words that are often spoken to them. Usually if people who are nervous and who believe themselves lacking in speaking, their pronunciation is definitely not good so that other people will misunderstand or misinformation with what the speaker is saying and what the speaker is get it.
10. Researcher: Do you believe that if all of student in English department have high self-confidence they will have good speaking skill?
Sample: I don't know for this, but in my opinion they are still lacking in English speaking techniques but I'm sure when they try, when they practice
pronunciation, pronunciation and they can speak English well, English students will be more confident.
MM:
1. Researcher: Do you like speaking subject?
Sample: Yes I like it, because it's useless if we memorize grammar but if we never apply it it's useless in my opinion, and from speaking that we are trained to use vocabulary or grammar that we know. And what I know is that even though we don't really understand grammar, we have to be confident to speak up. The mistakes will be corrected in the end.
2. Researcher: Have you ever not confidence while you speaking in front of people?
Sample: it usually happened when I met new people, but it was different when there was preparation to talk beforehand.
3. Researcher: What make your high self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: be sure. Just believe in myself that I can and before that I have already obtained knowledge, so it's just a matter of application.
4. Researcher: What make you less of self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: from my experience during lecture in that class until now I have never been unsure of myself in class, because I and my friends sometimes need a lot of time to speak up, especially if no one starts speaking first, mostly waiting on the appointment, so I am usually the first to speak, the event is not yet perfect what I want to say, and I always try to be the first to speak.
5. Researcher: What trouble you always face during in speaking class?
Sample: Usually, I just have difficulty translating the sentence I want to say, because I still lack vocabulary so I usually get hampered in delivering it, so I have to combine Indonesian and English.
6. Researcher: Do you speak fluently when you have high self-confidence?
Sample: For me, it has not been smooth, but usually if you are more confident about what people want to say, people can capture the essence of what I say.
7. Researcher: Do you always have filler while you perform in speaking subject?
Sample: sometimes. Usually they are mostly silent or say how to say right away.
8. Researcher: Does self- confidence improve your speaking skill?
Sample: yes, because most lecturers or wherever they say they just say speak up, the mistake will be corrected later, and usually if there is a word that you want to say but you don't know, then you finish talking, usually immediately find out what the translation is or find out how the word order should be better.
9. Researcher: Does self -confidence improve your pronunciation?
Sample: for me, it not improved my pronunciation, because in my opinion pronunciation must be learned in the subject itself.
10. Researcher: Do you believe that if all of student in English department have high self-confidence they will have good speaking skill?
Sample: For this I cannot give a broad assessment. But from my experience, usually those who are confident are even better at speaking ability because the average person can be confident because he feels he can and believe in his abilities.
AQR:
1. Researcher: Do you like speaking subject?
Sample: Yes I do, I like speaking subject because I think I can learn the art of verbal communication which is much more effective and practice a courageous attitude in speaking in front of many people.
2. Researcher: Have you ever not confidence while you speaking in front of people?
Sample: Yes I have, i do not confident when there are many people staring at me, am afraid of being mistake in front of them.
3. Researcher: What make your high self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: When I am able to speak without mistakes and get appreciation in speaking class.
4. Researcher: What make you less of self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: Something that make me less confidence during speaking is I'm afraid when i being mistake people laugh at me.
5. Researcher: What trouble you always face during in speaking class?
Sample: sometimes I forget that something I want to say or I make mistake to my pronunciation, that make nervous and not confident when I speaking.
6. Researcher: Do you speak fluently when you have high self-confidence?
Sample: Yes I speak fluently when I have self confidence, there is no feeling of nervousness and afraid of saying wrong pronunciation
7. Researcher: Do you always have filler while you perform in speaking subject?
Sample: yes I do, without realizing I have filler when i speak.
8. Researcher: Does self- confidence improve your speaking skill?
Sample: Yes self confidence is greatly influencing in improving my speaking skill.
9. Researcher: Does self -confidence improve your pronunciation?
Sample: I think so, self confidence genuinely improve my pronunciation, because confidence can help me pronounce words correctly.
10. Researcher: Do you believe that if all of student in English department have high self-confidence they will have good speaking skill?
Sample: 10. Yes I'm sure, when students majoring in English have confidence in speaking skill, they will develop their speaking skills faster
AR:
1. Researcher: Do you like speaking subject?
Sample: Of course, because when I study speaking I can improve my speaking, especially can I face my nervous in front of the class and also it can make my pronunciation is good then before.
2. Researcher: Have you ever not confidence while you speaking in front of people?
Sample: of course, I ever feel not confidence in speaking in front of the people when I see or learn my friends or their speaker speaking better than me.
3. Researcher: What make your high self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: The thing make myself confidence high during speaking subject, when the material it easy to understand and I prepared the material well.
4. Researcher: What make you less of self-confidence during the speaking subject?
Sample: in the speaking subject the think that make myself confidence is less when I know that the speaking subject is not about we are speaking but how to speak well, specially have good vocabulary, and pronunciation
5. Researcher: What trouble you always face during in speaking class?
Sample: Talking about problems in speaking is something that cannot be avoided, as for the problem that I often face is how we can talk well, not only talking about material, but how we are able to convey something that can be understood by other people.
6. Researcher: Do you speak fluently when you have high self-confidence?
Sample: I think so. I can speak fluently if I have high self confidence because high confidence gave high impact to ourselves so that we are able to speak what's in our minds, we only think about the mistakes we will do.
7. Researcher: Do you always have filler while you perform in speaking subject?
Sample: yes, when I do not master the material or topic that I will convey.
8. Researcher: Does self- confidence improve your speaking skill?
Sample: of course, the confidence improve my speaking skill, because the important thing if we are speaking in front of the class or the people the first is confidence we can speak fluently and when we have confidence.