1. ASCMD,
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.2.7 Technology Investment
As presented to the committee by the Navy and Marine Corps, the develop- mental paths intended to evolve TMD capabilities are generally reasonable, al- though several exceptions are identified in this report. The evolutionary, or
“spiral,” development of added capabilities to pace the threat is a reasonable concept. However, the committee is concerned that the technology required to support the intended evolution is not being developed. The necessary invest- ments must be made to bring the required technology to a state where it is available for use in the time frame intended.
Recommendation: In its technology investment program, the Department of the Navy should develop sensors, weapons, and BMC3 architectures and algorithms that are adaptive and flexible enough to allow responding to unexpected threat capabilities and characteristics. These ballistic missile defense system elements should be combined into experimental systems for evaluation and refinement. The mature technologies from the program should be incorporated into future spirals of the NAD and NTW ballistic missile defense systems.
Appendixes
145
A
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AADC area air defense commander (module) AADS70 air defense systems of the 1970s AAW antiair warfare
ABL airborne laser
ABM antiballistic missile ACA airspace control authority
ACDS advanced combat direction system ACE air combat element
ACM attitude control motor ACO airspace control order ADC analog-to-digital converter ADSAM air-directed surface-to-air missile AESA airborne electronically scanned array
AIEWS advanced integrated electronic warfare system AIT atmospheric interceptor technology
AMD air and missile defense
AMRAAM advanced medium-range air-to-air missile AMRFS advanced multifunction radio frequency system AMTI air moving target indication
ANTS autonomous negotiating teams
ASCIET all-Service combat identification evaluation test ASCM antiship cruise missile
ASCMD antiship cruise missile defense ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
ATDLS advanced tactical data link system ATR automatic target recognition
AWACS airborne warning and control system BAT BMC4I advanced technology
BMC3 battle management command, control, and communications BMC4I battle management command, control, communications,
computing, and intelligence BMD ballistic missile defense
BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization C2P command and control processor
C4ISR command, control, communications, computing, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
C&D command and decision CAP combat air patrol
CC&D common command and decision system CCID composite combat identification CEC cooperative engagement capability CEP cooperative engagement processor CID combat identification
CINC commander in chief CIWS close-in weapon system
CLAWS complementary low altitude weapon system CMC Commandant of the Marine Corps
CMD cruise missile defense CNO Chief of Naval Operations COABS control of agent-based systems COIL chemical oxygen-iodine laser CONOPS concept of operations COTS commercial off-the-shelf CRD capstone requirements document DACS divert and attitude control system
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DASN Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy DDS data distribution system
Dem/Val demonstration/validation
DNMS dynamic network management system DOD Department of Defense
DOE Department of Energy DSP Defense Satellite Program
APPENDIX A 147 ECCM electronic counter-countermeasure
ECM electronic countermeasure
EIT exo-atmospheric interceptor technology EMD engineering and manufacturing development EOC early operational capability
ERGM extended-range guided missile ERINT extended-range interceptor
ERIS exo-atmospheric reentry vehicle interceptor system ESM electronic support measure
ESSM evolved sea sparrow missile EV experimental version EW electronic warfare
FABMDS field army ballistic missile defense system FEL free electron laser
FEWS follow-on early warning system
FIOP Family of Interoperable Operational Pictures program FLIR forward-looking infrared
FNC future naval capability FOS family of systems FPA focal plane array FRP full-rate production FUE first unit equipped GBR ground-based radar
GCCS-M global command and control system-maritime GLONASS Russian equivalent of GPS
GMTI ground moving target indication GPS global positioning system HEL high-energy laser
HF/DF hydrogen fluoride/deuterium fluoride HMMWV high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle
HTK hit-to-kill
ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile IFOG interferometric fiber optics gyro IMU inertial measurement unit IOC initial operational capability
IP Internet Protocol
IR infrared
IRBM intermediate-range ballistic missile ISO Information Systems Office (DARPA)
ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance ITO Information Technology Office (DARPA) JDN joint data network
JFACC joint force air component commander JFC joint force commander
JICO joint interface control officer
JLENS joint land attack cruise missile defense elevated netted sensors JROC Joint Requirements Oversight Council
JSTARS joint surveillance and target attack radar system JTAMDO Joint Theater Air and Missile Defense Organization JTIDS joint tactical information distribution system JVMF joint variable message format
KEW kinetic-energy weapon KKV kinetic-kill vehicle
KV kill vehicle
LADAR laser detection and ranging (laser radar) LAN local area network
LIDAR laser identification and ranging LMT2 Link 16 missile and tactical terminal LWIR long-wavelength infrared
MDAP major defense acquisition program MEADS medium extended air defense system MEB Marine Corps expeditionary brigade MEMS microelectromechanical system MFR multifunction radar
MIDS multifunctional information distribution system
MMIC microwave/millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit
MMW millimeter-wave
MPF maritime preposition force MRRS multirole radar system MSI multisensor integration MWIR mid-wavelength infrared NAD Navy area defense (system) NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command NMD national missile defense
NSSMS NATO sea sparrow missile system NTMD Navy theater missile defense NTW Navy theater wide (system)
APPENDIX A 149 OCM overland cruise missile
OCMD overland cruise missile defense OMFTS Operational Maneuver From the Sea ONR Office of Naval Research
OPEVAL operational evaluation
OPNAV Office of the Chief of Naval Operations ORD operational requirements document P3I preplanned product improvement PAC-3 Patriot advanced capability-3
PEO TSC Program Executive Office for Theater Surface Combatants PPLI precision position location information
QOS quality of service
R&D research and development RAM rolling airframe missile RCS radar cross section
RF radio frequency
RMP Radar Modernization Program ROE rule of engagement
RV reentry vehicle
SA selective availability SAR synthetic aperture radar
SBEV space-based experimental version SBIRS space-based infrared sensor SDI strategic defense initiative
SDIO Strategic Defense Initiative Organization SENSIT sensor information technology
SIAP single integrated air picture SIGINT signal intelligence
SLS shoot-look-shoot
SM standard missile
SPAWAR Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command SRBM short-range ballistic missile
SSDS ship self-defense system STAP space-time adaptive processing STOM Ship-to-Objective Maneuver TAD theater air defense
TADIL tactical digital information link TAMD theater air and missile defense
TBM theater ballistic missile TBMD theater ballistic missile defense TCN tactical component network TCS theater combat system TCT theater collaborative tracking TDMA time division multiple access
TEWA threat evaluation and weapon assignment THAAD theater high altitude area defense THEL tactical high-energy laser TMD theater missile defense TOM target object map
TPS transportable (pulse) radar surveillance system T/R transmit/receive
TRAP tactical receive applications program TRE tactical receive equipment
TSB time slot block
TSC theater surface combatant TVM target-via-the-missile UAV unmanned aerial vehicle UEWR upgraded early warning radar Vbo velocity at burnout
VLS vertical launch system VSR volume search radar
151
B
Analysis of the Capabilities and Limitations of Link 16
The Navy is currently supporting programs that are dedicated to improving the performance of Link 16 tactical radio network technology. These programs are managed by the ATDLS program office (SPAWAR PMW 159). The com- mittee finds that these programs have technical merit and are likely to be of substantial benefit to the Navy. However, they are best viewed as late-life up- grades to a system that is nearing the end of its technical life cycle. This appen- dix contains the detailed technical analysis of Link 16 that has led the committee to its conclusions. Table B.1 shows the characteristics of networking schemes currently used in the Navy’s tactical arena.
JTIDS and its slightly more modern variant, the multifunctional information distribution system (MIDS), are the Navy’s chosen radio subsystems for distrib- uting force control messages. As such, these radio subsystems implement the Link 16 (TADIL-J) networking scheme and message set. The messages include surveillance tracks, weapons coordination, air control, target information, PPLI, and even digitized voice networks. JTIDS radios—or their MIDS variants—will be installed on a variety of aircraft, surface ships, and submarines over the next 7 years, as well as in Patriot and THAAD forces.