Judul Skripsi: An Analysis of Private Speech Used by the Students of the Fifth Semester of the English Education Department Unismuh Makassar. An Analysis of the Private Speech Used by the Fifth Semester Students of English Education Department Unismuh Makassar. The researcher wanted to find out the students' reasons for using private speech.
The research findings indicated that the reasons about the use of private speech by the students at the fifth semester of Unismuh Makassar because private speech provides contributions for the students, especially in speaking skills. The students have good pronunciation, self-confidence and the students can focus on correcting their grammar, the students also speak fluently and can gain new vocabulary by using private speech. Analisis Terhadap Private Speech yang di Gukam Oleh Mahasiswa-Mahasiswi Semester Lima Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Unismuh Makassar.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan penggunaan private speaking oleh mahasiswa semester V Unismuh Makassar adalah karena private speaking memberikan manfaat kepada mahasiswa khususnya dalam keterampilan berbicara.
INTRODUCTION
- Problems Statement
- Objective of the Research
- Significance of The Research
- Scope of the Research
Sawyer defined private speech as talking to oneself out loud (audible speech not directed at others), usually while engaging in activity. Students who recognize the value of private talk as a strategy despite social pressure not to think out loud outperformed their peers. Based on the above, the researcher is interested in analyzing the use of private speech by the students in the fifth semester of the English Education Department Unismuh Makassar.
What are the students' reasons about the use of private speech in the English Education Department of the fifth semester of Unismuh Makassar. Based on the above problem statement, the researcher wants to find out the students' reasons for using private speech for the benefit of their speaking skills. The theoretical advantages; It is expected that this research will contribute to English education, especially regarding students' use of private speech in English education.
For the scope of the research, the researcher limits this research only focus on finding out the use of private speech by the students at the fifth semester of the English education department Unismuh Makassar in terms of components of speaking such as fluency, accuracy, pronunciation, vocabulary.
REVIEW LITERATURE
Concept of Speaking
- Definition of Speaking
- Components of Speaking
- Basic Types of Speaking
Bailey (2005:2) stated that "Speaking is an interactive process of meaning construction that involves the production, acquisition and processing of information". It can be perceived that speaking is a kind of interaction process that involves two or more people (as speaker and listener. ) to convey and receive the intended information Kayi (2006: 1) says that speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of words and non-verbals in different contexts.
Thornbury points out that speaking is a real-life activity performed by the speaker to accomplish his/her purpose. From the above statements of experts, the researcher can draw a conclusion that speaking is a way of expressing thoughts orally that is used in everyday life. While this is the purely phonetic level of oral production, several prosodic, lexical and grammatical properties of the language may be in the performance criterion.
Interactive speaking is similar to responsive speaking; the differences between them are the length and complexity of the interaction, which sometimes involves multiple exchanges or multiple participants.
Concept of Private Speech
- Definition of Private Speech
- The Effectiveness of Private Speech
- The Functions of Private Speech
- Types of Private Speech
According to Lantolf (2000), private speech is "speech that has social origins in the speech of others but takes on a private or cognitive function". According to Ohta (2001), private speech is "audible speech that is not adapted to an addressee" She was able to demonstrate that private speech with its three types of language use (repetition, manipulation, and vicarious response) helps second language development in Japanese EFL (EFL) classroom. According to Vygotsky (1986), private speech is the process through which language initially serves a social purpose and later plays a self-regulatory function.
He views private speech as "the process of privatizing speech in such a way that higher forms of consciousness arise on the inner plane, and in this way our biological capacities are organized into culturally mediated minds". Based on expert opinions above, the researcher can get a conclusion that private speech is spoken to oneself by being verbalized. Adult second language learners use first language private speech in learning contexts to help them acquire second language.
Second language private speech in the service of learning among adult second language learners is more common among advanced learners than among beginning second language learners. There are cross-cultural/linguistic differences in how, and how much, adult second language learners use private speech for language learning. In Montezari & Hamidi DiCamilla and Anton (2004) state that sociocultural theory makes two important claims about the phenomenon of private speech.
First, although private speech is often social and communicative in appearance, it is psychological in function, meaning that private speech is directed by the speaking self to the listening self. According to Vygotsky (1986), cited in McCamilla and Anton (2004), the main characteristic of inner speech is the lack of psychological subject and the existence of psychological predicates. It is argued by Lantolf (2006) that private speech is responsible for both regulating mental abilities in complex tasks and facilitating the internalization of mental abilities.
It is also cited by Diaz (1992) in Winsler, Femyhough, & Way (2005) claiming that the function of private speech goes back to the possibility of the consequence of the utterance for the learner's ongoing behavior. This type is a specific type of private speech that emerges during the reasoning process as a tool used in solving problem-solving tasks.
Conceptual Framework
RESEARCH METHOD
- Research Setting and Participant
- Research Instrument
- Procedure of Collecting Data
- Data Analysis
Based on the interview conducted by the researcher with the students with the question "what do you think about your fluency using private speech?". What do you think about your parts of speech using private speech?" He indicated that most students use private speech because they can focus on it. By using private speech before speaking in front of the class, students can focus on speaking when they receive the language task.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
Data Analysis of Interview
Based on the students' answers above, it can be concluded that the students use private speech because private speech contributes to the students' speaking skills. SFS: When I use private speech before speaking in front of the class, I can focus more easily so that I can speak fluently. From the students' answers above, it can be concluded that students use private speech because private speech makes students focus, not blank or stuck, so that students can speak fluently.
NZ: That's good, because if I don't use private speech in some way, I have a lack of confidence. SM: I can be more confident using private speech because it only increases my confidence if I use it before speaking in front of the class. HD: Using private speech makes me feel like I want to speak in front of the class, so speaking in front of the class can make me feel more confident.
Based on the students' answers above, it can be concluded that students use private speech because private speech can increase students' self-confidence, so that students can speak confidently in front of the class. HD: The good people think by using private speech because my friend will correct my wrong grammar. Based on the students' answers above, it can be concluded that the students used private speech because private speech can help students concentrate to correct their grammar. Also, students who use private speech will be helped by their friends to correct their grammar because their friends can hear if the students have the wrong grammar.
Based on the students' responses above, it can be concluded that students use private speech because private speech can help students to focus, especially auditory students. Based on the interview that the researcher conducted with the students with the question "What do you think about your. Based on the students' answers above, we can conclude that students use private speech, because private speech is good for students to correct their pronunciation.
Based on the students' response above, it can be concluded that students use private speech because private speech can help students acquire new vocabulary. Based on the students' response above, it can be concluded that most students feel helped to enrich their vocabulary by using private speech.
Data Analysis of Observation Check-list
Discussions
It showed that most of the students use private speech because they can speak fluently and feel confident to speak using private speech. The students should keep using private speech before speaking in front of the class to make them good speaking skill. I can be more confident using private speech because…. it only improves my confidence when I use it before speaking in front of the class.
I think it is very good for voice intonation because we can practice our voice intonation using private speech. By using private speech, I can speak more fluently than not using it I: Next, how do you feel about your confidence using private speech. It is the same with voice intonation answer that I can know if it can be made better by using private speech.
For voice intonation it is really good because I can practice it by using private speech. Using private speech before speaking or performing in class helps me feel ready and boosts my self-confidence.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Suggestion
By listening to my own voice or using private speech, I can know which part I need to correct in my pronunciation. I think it's good because I can prepare my concept and make it better, I mean, grammar if I use private speech.
