The Panel of Examiners declares that the thesis entitled "Dominant factors of psychological well-being conditions of employees in companies with high employee turnover rate based on case study in public accounting firms in Jakarta". This thesis entitled "Dominant factors of the conditions of psychological well-being of employees in a company with a high rate of employee turnover based on the case study of Public Accounting Firms in Jakarta", prepared and presented by Elvina in partial fulfillment of the requirements for bachelor's degree in the Faculty of Economics has been reviewed and found to have met the requirements for a suitable thesis to be examined. I declare that this thesis entitled "Dominant factors of psychological well-being conditions of employees in companies with high employee turnover rate based on case study in public accounting firms in Jakarta" is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original paper. of work not submitted, in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree.
The purpose of this research is to determine the best measure to keep a productive employee in the company by maintaining their psychological well-being at a positive level, especially for public accounting firms. The research focuses on determining the level of psychological well-being of employees working in a public accounting firm, particularly in the audit division, as this division has the highest employee turnover rate compared to other divisions. Using these statistical tools, this research led to the determination of the extent to which the level of employee psychological well-being occurred in a company with a high level of employee turnover and the dominant factors of employee psychological well-being within the company.
The conclusion of this research is inconvenient working condition-high stress, short deadlines, high pressure and heavy workload-means not filled by employee with low psychological well-being conditions and there are three dominant factors of employee's psychological well-being- maintain good relationship with others and improvement by having a learner mentality, continuous improvement through self-governance, and controlled autonomy and self-assurance. The higher quality of said factors, the happier employee will be—equal to higher psychological well-being level.
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
- Problem Identified
- Statement of the Problem
- Research Objective
- Significance of the Study
- Theoretical Framework
- Scope and Limitations of the Study
- Definition of Terms
Researcher tries to identify the dominant factors in employees' psychological well-being (PWB) state of those who work in a company with high employee turnover, making sure that job satisfaction is a part of psychological well-being. Researcher would like to identify the psychological well-being of employees working in a well-known multinational public accounting firm in Jakarta that has high employee turnover. The problems identified have a great potential to affect the psychological well-being of the employees who work there.
What is the impact of working conditions in a company with high employee turnover in relation to employees' psychological well-being?‖. To what extent has the level of employee psychological well-being arisen in a company with high employee turnover. The recommendation can be implemented in their company with the same goal, which is to reduce the employee turnover rate by maintaining the psychological well-being of employees at a positive level.
From an academic perspective, this research allows other students to further observe the psychological well-being of employees working in a company with a high employee turnover rate. The research focuses on determining the level of psychological well-being of employees working in the company, using criteria that were previously developed.
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Definition
- Employee Turnover
- Psychological Well-Being
- Employee Turnover
- Reasons of Employee Turnover
- Healthy Employee Turnover
- Psychological Well-Being
- Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scales
- Development of Instrument
- Job Satisfaction
- Theory of Growth Motivation
- Motivation-Hygiene Theory
- Factor Analysis
- Questionnaire
- Latent Variable
- Data
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
- Likert Scale
- Sampling Design
- Public Accounting Firm
Finally, the fifth level, self-actualization, is the level at which we feel complete: we have entered a situation in which our behavior is a perfect reflection of our self-concept - the way we see ourselves - and we are doing what we were born to do (Currie, 2003). Factor analysis 19 is the greatest invention since the double bed, while its critics feel that it is a useless procedure that can be used to support almost any desired interpretation of data. More specifically, the purpose of factor analysis is to "reduce the dimensionality of the original space and give an interpretation to the new space, spanned by a reduced number of new dimensions assumed to underlie the old ones," or to explain the variance in the observed variables in terms of underlying latent factors‖.7 2.
Sometimes the items can be created based on the researcher's intimate understanding of the subject. In this situation, the respondent is forced to decide whether they lean more towards the agree or disagree side of the scale for each item. The final score for the respondent on the scale is the sum of their ratings for all the items (this is why it is sometimes called a "summed" . scale).
On some scales, there will be some items that are opposite in meaning from the general direction of the scale. The response value for each of the return items must be returned before adding up to the total.
METHODOLOGY
- Research Method
- Research Framework
- Research Time and Place
- Research Instrument
- Data Collection
- Scaling
- Statistical Tools
- Validity Test
- Reliability Test
- Factor Analysis
- Interpreting Result
- Validity and Reliability Test
- Factor Analysis
- Limitations
This phenomenon had attracted the attention of the researcher to make further observations by identifying the state of psychological well-being of employees working in a well-known public accounting firm in Jakarta, which have a high rate of employee turnover. Before the questionnaire is distributed, there should be a pre-test to check the validity and reliability of the data from the research instrument being used. The results of the survey will be analyzed using factorial analysis as a statistical tool.
In this particular research, the researcher used primary data collected from questionnaires distributed to specified respondents - employees working in public accounting firms, particularly in the Audit Division. In other words, the population of this research is those who work in public accounting firms. The population of this research is employees working in public accounting firms in Jakarta, especially in the Audit Division - the division with the highest employee turnover rate compared to other divisions.
In analyzing the data in this research, researcher uses r-table and Pearson Product Moments in analyzing the validity and reliability of the data. Validity test done for each of the items that made up the questionnaire, the invalid one will be eliminated. Reliability test measures the level of internal consistency of stability of the test over time.
In other words, all the items that make up the instrument - a Likert scale questionnaire based on Ryff's theory - will be reduced to several dominant factors that describe in more detail the PWB state of the respondents. The researcher conducts an exploratory factor analysis with a latent variable, as the goal of this research is to identify factors formed from a set of items in the research instrument that allow the researcher to create a state of psychological well-being of the respondents. To make the interpretation of the result easier to understand, the researcher will insert only the table that needs to be analyzed.
In accordance with the purpose of exploratory factor analysis, researcher tries to elaborate the dominant factors that explain the psychological well-being state of the respondents currently working at a company with a high employee turnover rate. For variables that have a close difference with each other, the chosen one will be decided by the researcher based on several considerations - the largest one, or compare the loading value that arises This was done by comparing the first half of cases under study with the other half of the cases.
ANALYSIS DATA AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 41
- Result of Reliability and Validity Test
- Result of Validity Test
- Result of Reliability Test
- Interpretation of PWB Condition Based on Ryff Theory
- Interpretation of Factor Analysis
- Data Organization and Transformation
- Factor Analysis
- Data Interpretation
- First Dominant Factor
- Second Dominant Factor
- Third Dominant Factor
It indicates that all tested items are valid and ready to be used in further analysis by distributing the constructed questionnaire to the larger respondents. The researcher created a 54-item questionnaire as a research instrument to measure the level of PWB of employees working in a company with a high employee turnover rate (see Figure 4.1.). In other words, the higher the total score, the more positive the psychological state of the employee.
The figure below clearly shows the level of psychological well-being of the respondents. The graph is constructed based on the frequency of the questionnaire distribution: 54 items, 9 items per dimension. By conducting factor analysis, three dominant factors emerged that best describe respondents' psychological well-being.
After the transformation from ordinal to interval, the researcher must check its feasibility to be analyzed by factor analysis via KMO-Bartlett's Test and Anti-Image Matrix Test. The KMO-Bartlett's test which is the result of the first test shows that the data is not yet eligible to be continued by factor analysis KMO measure of sampling adequacy 0.352. Based on the Anti-Image Matrix test, it identified 8 variables which have MSA > 0.5 as follows.
The result will determine whether the constructed dominant factors are valid and reliable enough to be put into the general population or not. Researchers can establish that these dominant factors are valid and reliable for use in the general population. Based on the calculation of factor analysis through SPSS 16.00 for 54 items / statements / variables, there are 8 manifest variables that have passed the determined value of KMO-Bartlett's and Anti-Image Matrix Test, these variables are formed into 3 factors.
The analysis of the variables/statements grouped in the table brought the researcher into one context. Based on said analysis, the researcher grouped all manifest variables by the first dominant factor into a latent variable “maintain good relationship with others and improvement by having a mentality as a learner”. Based on this analysis, the researcher describes the manifest variables as a latent variable of “continuous improvement through self-management”.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
The higher the quality of the factors mentioned, the happier the employee would be – equivalent to a higher level of psychological well-being, as these variables lead to a positive value.
Recommendations
Sometimes the situation and condition should make some changes in their works. 44 I tend to set a few steps in order to get my work done correctly and on time. I tend to set a few steps to get my work done right and on time.
